707 results about "Water balance" patented technology

The invention relates to a process for the production of acetic acid by carbonylation of methanol, and reactive derivatives thereof, in a reaction mixture using a rhodium-based catalyst in low water conditions. The process is used to achieve reaction rates of at least 15 g mol/l/hr. The high rate reactions proceed at water concentrations of less than 2.0 wt. %. Under certain conditions, the water concentration in the reaction mixture of the process is maintained at a desired concentration by at least one process step including adding a compound such as methyl acetate, dimethyl ether, acetic anhydride, or mixtures of these compounds to the reaction system. The process step of adding the components to the reaction mixture may be combined with other process steps for controlling water concentrations in reaction mixtures for the carbonylation of methanol.

The invention provides a watershed hydrological model design method based on a storage capacity curve and a TOPMODEL, which comprises the following steps: calculating surface runoff yield; calculating subsurface runoff yield; calculating evapotranspiration; applying a water balance equation; establishing a convergence mechanism; generating isochrones; dynamically and visually expressing soil moisture; and coupling with a Noah land surface model (Noah LSM). The method has a high simulation deterministic coefficient, is advantageous over a semi-distributed model TOPMODEL, a Xinanjiang model and distributed hydrological models such as an engineering and science summer institute (ESSI) model, a hydrologic engineering center hydrologic modeling system (HEC-HMS) model and a soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model in the simulation of a daily runoff process and the simulation of a flood process, and overcomes the drawback that the conventional watershed hydrological model is usually inapplicable to hydrological process accurate simulation under large-scale, arid and semiarid conditions. The model of the invention can be successfully coupled with Noah LSM and improves the rainfall, soil moisture and runoff broadcasting capacity of a service weather research forecast mode, namely global/regional assimiliation prediction system (GRAPES)-mesoscale(MESO).

A fuel cell system with fuel processor for integration with a marine vessel propulsion system. The system includes an auto thermal reactor that is the fuel processor for producing hydrogen from a fuel source. The fuel source is preferably ethanol or biodiesel or a mixture thereof, but can also be a sulfur containing fuel like petrodiesel of JP-8. The system further includes a gas-water shift reactor for further production and concentration of the hydrogen from the auto thermal reactor output. The system also includes a hydrogen permeable membrane separator for generating suitable quantities of essentially pure hydrogen to the fuel cell. The system also includes an oxygen permeable membrane separator for concentrating oxygen and reducing nitrogen to improve the partial pressure of hydrogen in subsequent fuel processing steps. The system contemplates the use of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The system minimizes preheating of catalysts or other components to the extent just needed to initiate the fuel processor. To that end, heat sources and sinks of the system and associated usage systems are matched so as to minimize heat collection, storage and distribution systems. Water is recycled within the system to the extent necessary to maintain a water balance in the fuel processor and the fuel cell stack(s). The system includes cooling of the fuel cell stack(s) and integrated heat recovery with exothermic and endothermic catalysts. The fuel processor/fuel cell system components are configured to conform to and take advantage of the available space and limitations, such as the space constraints and opportunities associated with a marine vessel.

The invention discloses a simulation regulation and control system and method of the percolation performance of an aeration zone of a river or a lake and relates to the technical field of research on water and soil resources and environmental engineering. The system comprises a seepage control device, an aeration zone simulation device, an underground water level regulation and control device anda data monitoring system, wherein the seepage control device comprises a seepage control column and a regulation column; the upper layer of the regulation column is connected with the seepage controlcolumn through a flange plate, and the lower layer of the regulation column is connected with the aeration zone simulation device through a water supply pipeline and a peristaltic pump; the aeration zone simulation device comprises a plurality of soil columns connected in series, and the underground water level regulation and control device comprises an underground water supply Markov bottle and an underground water balancing device which are connected through an underground water supplementing pipeline, and the underground water balancing device is connected with the aeration zone simulationdevice through the underground water supplementing pipeline. By adopting the system and the method, the hierarchical accurate simulation of a layered soil structure is realized, the accurate monitoring of the percolation performance of the aeration zone of the river or the lake is realized, and the simulation precision of the different types of layered soil is greatly improved.

The invention relates to a real-time dynamic 3D water balance monitoring system of a power plant and a working method of the system. The system is characterized by comprising a data collection module, a data transmission module, a data storage module, a monitoring center and a data analysis and application module, wherein the data collection module collects flow data, and the data transmission module returns data collected by the data collection module in real time. Water volume data of different collection points is collected by the data collection module, transmitted to the data storage module by the data transmission module, and further transmitted to the data analysis and application module by the data storage module. The system and method have the advantages that the relation between water volume change and generating load is found via data analysis, the imbalance rate is calculated, and thus, scientific basis is provided for planning water-saving measures of the power plant.

The invention relates to a muddy water balance type shield simulation testing system. In the structure of the system, a model box for holding soil is fixed on a base; a refrigeration freezing device is communicated with a freezing pipe in the model box; the front part of a shield machine enters the model box through a guide sleeve on the side of the model box; a cutter disk at the front part of the shield machine is connected with the output shaft of a gearbox of a hydraulic power system through a main shaft; jacks at the left and right sides of the shield machine are connected between the model box and the gearbox; a space between a partition plate behind the cutter disk of the shield machine and the cutter disk forms a muddy water cabin; and an injection pipe of a muddy water pot, whichis connected with an air pressure boosting device, penetrates into the shield machine from the tail part of the shell of the shield machine. The system provided by the invention can simulate the tunneling process of the muddy water shield machine in a submerged tunnel construction with high water pressure and can synchronously record soil pressure, water pressure, displacement and the tunneling parameters of the shield machine, thereby finding out and analyzing the mechanism and conditions of muddy water pressure balance country rock and providing more reliable experiment basis for submerged tunnel construction and the design of a muddy water shield machine.

The invention discloses and proposes a reservoir dispatching method based on multi-target shuffled frog leaping and differential algorithms. The reservoir dispatching method comprises the following steps of S11, acquiring basic information data of a reservoir; S12, building a multi-target optimal dispatching mathematic model considering constraint conditions of water balance, machine set output, discharged volume and generation power, wherein the target function is built based on maximum generation power, minimum water deficit, minimum surplus water and minimum output; S13, figuring out Pareto optimal solution of the multi-target optimal dispatching mathematic model by using the multi-target shuffled frog leaping and differential algorithms; and S14, automatically determining a reservoir optimal dispatching scheme by a multi-target decision method on the basis of the Pareto optimal solution. By the reservoir dispatching method, global optimization is achieved, the calculation efficiency is improved, and the requirement of automatically selecting the multi-target optimal dispatching scheme of the reservoir is met.

The invention relates to a propolis toothpaste and a preparation method thereof. The weight ratio of raw materials is: propolis powder 0.03~3.2%, natural calcium carbonate 25~46%, silicon dioxide 5~15%, glycerin 3~20%, polyethylene glycol-400 1~10%, sodium pyrophosphate 0.2~1.0%, Xanthan Gum 0.2~1.5%, Carboxymethyl Cellulose 0.1~1.5%, Sorbitol 3~25%, Sodium Saccharin 0.1~1%, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 1~5%, Nipole Sodium gold ethyl ester 0.05~0.5%, sodium propylparaben 0.02~2%, essence 0.3~3%, triclosan 0.01~0.3%, zinc citrate 0.05~2%, the balance of water. The propolis toothpaste of the present invention has a good protective effect on teeth, and can also nourish gums and prevent the occurrence of gum inflammation.

The present invention discloses sea water desalination apparatus and method with heat energy of steam to raise heat efficiency. The sea water desalination apparatus in distillation method has several evaporators connected serially with last evaporator connected to condensator, showering system over the evaporator condensating pipe bundle connected to sea water inlet, concentrated water flash tanks and fresh water flash tanks connected to corresponding evaporators separately, concentrated water balance tank connected to the last concentrated water flash tank and product water balance tank connected to the last fresh water flash tank. The present invention is suitable for utilizing steam from thermoelectric power plant or oil refinery to desalt sea water or bitter salty water.

A method for forecasting flood, the method including: 1) collecting historical flood information, estimating a mean concentration time of a basin, and determining a length of a lead time; 2) establishing hydrological models, inputting hydrological variables including precipitation and evaporation to the hydrological models while neglecting the precipitation within lead times; 3) determining an objective function, which is a sum of squared errors between a forecasted streamflow and an observed streamflow within multiple lead times, and utilizing optimized algorithms to calibrate hydrological model parameters; and 4) selecting criteria to evaluate forecasting performance of the hydrological model including a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, a root mean square error, a water balance index, a qualified rate of peak flow, and a qualified rate of a peak time.

The invention provides a kiwifruit growth cold-resistant agent, which is composed of the following materials based on weight percentage: 0.05-5% of 5-nitro guaiacol sodium, 0.3-5% of humic acid, 0.1-2% of paclobutrazol, 0.5-5% of chitosan, 0.1-5% of rosin, 0.1-5% of castor wax, 0-3% of paraffin, 0-5% of citric acid, 0-6% of calcium chloride, 0.5-10% of propylene glycol, 0.1-15% of salicylic acid, 0.5-8% of vegetable oil, 0.05-10% of dimethyl sulfoxide, 0.1-2% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and 35-85% of water. The cold-resistant agent can effectively increase the membrane stability of kiwi branches, remove harmful free radicals, regulate in-vivo water balance of the plants, improve anti-freezing performance and ensure kiwifruit yield.

The invention provides a hydrothermal management system of a fuel cell engine system, which comprises a hydrogen supply system, an air supply system and a heat dissipation system, wherein the hydrogensupply system is configured to recycle hydrogen through an ejector, to conduct hydrogen humidification through water vapor generated by a fuel cell stack, and to conduct hydrogen heating through cooling water at an outlet of the fuel cell stack, so that after the temperature and humidity of hydrogen meet the water balance adjusting requirement, the hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack to participate in a reaction; the air supply system is configured to compress air and humidify dry air entering the fuel cell stack through wet air at the outlet of the fuel cell stack, so that the air enters thefuel cell stack to participate in the reaction after the temperature and the humidity of the air reach set requirements; and the heat dissipation system is configured to perform heat dissipation on part of cooling water at the outlet of the fuel cell stack, mix the cooling water which is subjected to heat dissipation with the other part of cooling water which is not subjected to heat dissipationand feed the mixture into the fuel cell stack again.

A transplanting method of extra-large ancient cypresses belongs to the field of transplanting technologies of large trees and includes the steps of firstly, measuring soil; secondly, detecting roots; thirdly, performing balance pruning; fourthly, breaking roots twice, and treating the roots; fifthly, sterilizing; sixthly, protecting trunks; seventhly, digging and binding soil beds; eighthly, lifting and transporting soil balls; and ninthly, treating planting environments, and planting. By scientific transplanting and maintenance management according to the transplanting method of extra-large ancient cypresses, new water balance systems are established after the ancient cypresses are transplanted, survival and germination of a great quantity of roots and shoots are ensured, healthy growth of the ancient cypresses is promoted, and the cypress trees grow are numerous in roots, branches and leaves. In order to guarantee healthy growth of the ancient cypresses, the ancient cypresses are maintained and rejuvenated scientifically 4-6 years after transplanting. The soil balls are packed and transported with specially made structural steel frames in bowled basket structures, firmness of the soil balls is guaranteed maximally, use is facilitated, and survival rate of the transplanted trees is high.

The present invention discloses a crop irrigation water requirement calculation method on future climatic conditions. The method comprises the steps of collecting the future climatic mode data, and correcting the future climatic mode data based on the historical actually measured meteorological data to enable the future climatic mode data to be suitable for the climatic change influence evaluation of a region or station scale; according to the growth period data of a crop field test and an accumulated temperature formula, constructing a response model of the crop planting date and the crop growth period length to the temperature; utilizing a penman formula to combine a single crop coefficient method and a soil moisture stress coefficient to calculate the crop daily water requirement; based on a crop irrigation system and a water balance principle to calculate the crop daily irrigation water requirement. Aiming at the influence of the climatic change on the agricultural water resource security, the method of the present invention considers the change of the crop planting date and the growth period caused by the global warming, so that a water resource planning management department can forecast the regional future agricultural water resource utilization amount more accurately, and accordingly, a water resource planning scheme is proposed more reasonably.

The present invention discloses a mobile measuring device and a measuring method for grade-change runoff components. The device comprises a square groove to hold soil for experiment. The upper part of the square groove is provided with a rainfall recorder. One end of the bottom face of the square groove is connected to a drive device through a support rod. The drive device controls the inclination degree of the square groove. The left side of the square groove is provided with a control area. Between the square groove and the control area are provided a grade-change slope runoff guiding pipe and a soil middle layer guiding pipe. The invention adopts the hydraulic drive device to drive the square groove to rotate to achieve the function of grade adjustment. For the guiding pipes arranged at the lower end face of the square groove and at different heights, it is possible to simultaneously measure and calculate, under the condition of different rainfall intensities and slope grades, the components of surface runoff which is concentrated on the same soil slope in a non-uniform manner and the components of runoff at different soil depth levels. And based on water balance equation, the vaporization of soil and plants can be further calculated.

The invention discloses a novel steam oven. The novel steam oven comprises an oven body, an oven door, an inner container and a controller. A water storage tank is arranged on the side wall of the inner container, a heating disk is arranged at the bottom of the inner container, and a connecting water pipe is arranged between the water storage tank and the heating disk. The connecting water pipe is provided with a water pump. A water balance system and an exhaust system are arranged in the oven body. The water balance system comprises an auxiliary water tank, the auxiliary water tank is communicated with the water pump and the heating disk, and a water level probe is arranged in the auxiliary water tank. The exhaust system comprises an exhaust cavity and an exhaust fan. According to the novel steam oven, the auxiliary water tank is arranged between the original water storage tank and the heating disk, the characteristic that the water level in the auxiliary water tank is consistent with the water level in the heating disk is used for determining the water level in the heating disk by detecting the water level in the auxiliary water tank, so that the influence of water scales and food material scraps in water due to long-time high-temperature using of the heating disk on the detection sensitivity of the water level is eliminated, the accuracy and the reliability of water level detection are improved, and the service life of the heating disk is prolonged.

The invention relates to a cutting blade disc of a muddy water balance push bench. The cutting blade disc comprises a circular box-type blade disc panel arranged at the front end of a cutting housing of the push bench, six spokes arranged at the front end of the blade disc panel, and a center knife arranged in the central position of the blade disc panel; the spokes are radially and uniformly arranged from the center of the blade disc panel to the edge, and divide the blade disc panel into six regions with equal areas; a plurality of pairs of splayed cutting blades are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of each spoke, and antecedence knifes are arranged among a part of paired cutting blades; two openable circular soil inlets are symmetrically formed in two of the six regions of the blade disc panel by using the center knife as a symmetric centre; rectangular openings are formed in the four other regions of the blade disc panel respectively, a plurality of pairs of scrapers are symmetrically and linearly arranged on the two sides of each rectangular opening, and narrow soil inlets are formed between every two scrapers. The cutting blade disc is suitable for both pure sand soil layers and complex soil layers, and can be widely used in various muddy water balance push benches.

The invention relates to a one-step method dihydrate-semi-hydrated wet production process for phosphoric acid. The one-step method dihydrate-semi-hydrated wet production process comprises the following steps: carrying out leaching reaction and dehydrate-semi-hydrated conversion; growing grains; separating, filtering and washing; by controlling technological indicators of all the steps, finished product phosphoric acid filtrate with high concentration and by-product phosphogypsum with high quality are obtained. The finished product phosphoric acid filtrate obtained by production of the one-stepmethod dihydrate-semi-hydrated wet production process disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the concentration of P2O5 is about 35 percent, concentration input of the phosphoric acid canbe avoided and an energy-saving effect is good. In addition, the phosphorus conversion rate and the washing rate are high; the final by-product phosphogypsum has the characteristics that the total content of the P2O5 is smaller than or equal to 0.5 percent, the content of water-soluble P2O5 is smaller than or equal to 0.15 percent and the yield of the P2O5 reaches 98 percent. The one-step method dihydrate-semi-hydrated wet production process disclosed by the invention retains the characteristics of good energy-saving effect, high phosphorus yield and high quality of byproduct alpha-semi-hydrated gypsum of a traditional two-step method dehydrate-semi-hydrated technology; meanwhile, a dihydrate filtration procedure is omitted, the process flow is shortened and the operation rate of a deviceis improved, so that the problem that water balance of a system cannot be realized due to overhigh content of wash water for filter cloth is solved.

The invention discloses an irrigation water management system based on farmland water monitoring, and a management method implemented by the system. The system comprises a soil water and soil temperature information module, a farmland irrigation and soil water content information module, an irrigation area water consumption and irrigation result measuring and reporting module, and an irrigation area irrigation benefit result reporting module. The system and the method provided by the invention have the advantages that through comprehensive and modular technical methods and solutions, the maximum application of limited information is achieved; an information source, data transmission, a server and a database are utilized to provide basic conditions for storage, extraction, utilization and processing of monitoring information demand responses by the management system; and through comprehensive technical analysis methods, such as water balance, logical association, mathematical statistics, the method of measuring soil water contents at the beginning and the end of a period, the head-tail ratio calculation method, cross-industry data application, the water equivalent calculation method and the like, analysis of a water consumption quota, an irrigation system, the soil water content, the amount of water required by crops, an irrigation water utilization coefficient, the amount of water introduced into an irrigation area, crop yields, irrigation benefits and other management technology evaluation indicators can be achieved.

The invention discloses an automatic irrigation control method based on a water balance model. The method comprises the steps of A, initializing parameters, wherein the type and the planting date of the planted crops are determined, and a corresponding crop coefficient Kc is obtained; the soil type is determined, and corresponding wilting water content WP, field capacity WHC and irrigation threshold value IT are obtained; B, calculating current soil water content FCs; C, calculating effective water content AWC of current soil; D, calculating actual evapotranspiration ETc; E, calculating soil real-time effective water content delta AWC; F, judging whether the soil real-time effective water content delta AWC is lower than the irrigation threshold value IT, if the soil real-time effective water content delta AWC is lower than the irrigation threshold value IT, conducting irrigation; if the soil real-time effective water content delta AWC is not lower than the irrigation threshold value IT, turning to the step E to continue calculation. According to the automatic irrigation control method based on the water balance model, defects of the prior art can be overcome, and precision and flexibility of the irrigation control can be improved.

The invention relates to a construction method for a muddy water pressurization shield of a grid knife flywheel and equipment thereof. The construction method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: a shield knife flywheel is in a grid shape; the dimension of an opening can be adjusted according to geological conditions; a pressure chamber is simultaneously and additionally arranged at the rear of a shield machine grid; after muddy water is filled in the pressure chamber, the pressure of water and soil on an excavating surface are balanced by controlling the pressure of the muddy water; and the pressure of the muddy water in the pressure chamber is controlled through a slurry (or water) inlet pump system and a dredge pump system which are connected with a board of the pressure chamber. The equipment provided by the invention comprises a mud inlet pipe, the pressure chamber, a fixed wing, a grid back stirring wing, an independent drive stirring wing, a front grid, a shield jack, a dredge pipe, a duct piece, a relay pump, the dredge pump, a baffle and a mud inlet pump. The invention has the advantage that the mud-water balance of the excavating surface is realized. The construction method provided by the invention synthesizes the respective advantages of a grid shield and a mud-water shield, thereby solving the realistic problem that the grid shield cannot effectively control the stability of the excavating surface.

The invention discloses a model for forecasting multi-dimensional flux migration and transformation of fertilizer urea nitrogen in paddy fields, mainly considering destination balance problem of fertilizer nitrogen, emphasizing effects to water environment, and protruding the migration of the fertilizer nitrogen to surface water and groundwater. The method is formed by coupling a water balance module and a nitrogen balance module. The nitrogen balance module comprises the nitrogen transformation processes such as urea hydrolysis, ammonia volatilization, nitrification, denitrification, fixing, mineralization, absorption and the like; the water balance module comprises the processes such as infiltration eluviation, lateral seepage and radial flow (containing drainage). The model disclosed by the invention can comprehensively simulate the effects of the nitrogen to the water environment during migration and transformation in the paddy field by using few parameters.

The invention discloses a printing color quality measurement method. The method comprises the steps of measurement pre-preparation, pre-printing normalization, standardization inspection of a printing machine, ink-water balance measurement, determination of optimal solid density, ink outputting curve measurement of the printing machine, printing of standard samples, manufacturing a printing machine curve, verification of the printing machine curve, analysis of the printing samples, and correction of network data. According to the printing color quality measurement method, printing data is effectively analyzed and corrected through the strict and normal measurement, and the method has quite high practical value and wide application prospects.

The invention discloses an ecological-power generation dynamic mutual feedback regulation method for a cascade reservoir group. The method comprises: a generating capacity and an ecological assurancerate are used as objective functions of an ecological-power generation mutual feedback regulation model of a cascade reservoir group, wherein a constraint set of the ecological-power generation mutualfeedback regulation model of the cascade reservoir group includes a water balance equation, an inflow flow balance equation, an outflow flow balance equation, a water storage limit constraint, a power generation flow constraint, an outbound flow constraint and a power station output constraint and the ecological assurance rate is obtained by meeting a space-time proportion of four ecological standards including a water quality demand, a cutoff water demand, a sand flushing water demand, and an ecological water demand by a water flow condition; and on the basis of an improved non-domination sorting genetic algorithm, optimal outflow floes of all reservoirs at all periods are obtained from the ecological-power generation mutual feedback regulation model of the cascade reservoir group. According to the invention, the generating capacity and the ecological assurance rate are used as objective functions; and the influence on the ecological environment is reduced while the maximum reservoirpower generation amount is ensured.