The invention discloses a fake identification system of bank bills based on spectral image analysis, which uses a device and adopts a method of multispectral analysis to excite the anti-fake characteristics on the standard samples of bank bills so that the anti-fake characteristics, such as paper characteristics of paper, fiber, watermark, printing ink, format, print, writing information and the like, are shown, and finally collects, inputs and establishes a standard image database. The database is edited by a computer language and then application software is generated so as to form the fake identification system of bank bills together with the device. A plurality of main anti-fake characteristics of the identified bank bills, such as the paper, the print, the printing ink, the writing information and the like, can be identified under all different light sources, such as illuminating light sources, main light sources, side light sources, backlight sources, long-wave ultraviolet rays, short-wave ultraviolet rays, anti-face laser, infrared light sources and the like. The system is applicable to the technical field such as the anti-fake identification of the bills circulating on the market and is capable of detecting all anti-fake characteristic points of the bills. Synchronously, a network supervision system is established.