122 results about "Equivalent temperature" patented technology

Thermal sensors for calorimetry can include vanadium oxide, heavily p-doped amorphous silicon, or other materials with high temperature coefficients of resistivity. Such thermal sensors can have low noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD). For example, a thermal sensor with NETD no greater than 100 μK over a bandwidth range of approximately 3 Hz or more can include a thermistor including vanadium oxide sputtered at room temperature under conditions that yield primarily V2O5; more specifically, the NETD can be no greater than 35 μK, or even 10 μK over a bandwidth range of approximately 3 Hz or more. If a low noise thermal sensor has NETD no greater than 50 μK over such a bandwidth range, a low noise output circuitry connected to its thermistor can provide an electrical output signal that includes information about input thermal signal peaks with amplitude of approximately 100 μK.

A service gauge for determining refrigerant pressure and the saturated vapor equivalent temperature, or other parameters, for a refrigerant in an HVAC system. In one embodiment, the service gauge employs a bourdon tube with at least one attached strain gauge to sense the refrigerant pressure and produce an electronic pressure signal. In another embodiment, a magnet and rotary position sensor produces an electronic signal proportional to the refrigerant pressure. The electronic pressure signal from the output of the strain gauge or the rotary position sensor is connected to a microprocessor, which calculates and displays the refrigerant pressure, the saturated vapor equivalent temperature for a variety of refrigerants, produces instantaneous and time lapsed representations of those parameters, and other parameters of the refrigerant.

The invention discloses a heat pump type air conditioner, and a defrosting control method and a defrosting control device of the heat pump type air conditioner. The defrosting control method of the heat pump type air conditioner comprises the following steps that the detection temperature of an indoor environment temperature wrap is obtained; the coil temperature of an indoor heat exchanger is obtained; an equivalent temperature difference is obtained according to the temperature difference between the detection temperature of the indoor environment temperature wrap and the coil temperature of the indoor heat exchanger and an equivalent temperature difference coefficient, and integral calculation is made on time by using the equivalent temperature difference, so as to obtain the average heat output of the whole process; and the heat pump type air conditioner is subject to defrosting control according to the average heat output of the whole process. Through using the defrosting control method, the stability and the timeliness of defrosting judgment can be guaranteed.

The invention provides a high-temperature furnace tube remaining life assessment method, including the following steps: (a) according to the propagation velocity of the ultrasound in the oxygen skin, to calculate thickness of the inner wall oxygen skin; (2) according to the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic in the high temperature furnace tube matrix, to calculate the metal layer thickness; (3) establish the relationship database of the high temperature metal inner wall oxygen skin thickness, the running time and the equivalent temperature, to calculate the equivalent temperature when high temperature furnace tube running; (4) calculate the high-temperature furnace tube operation stress, and establish the relationship database of the high temperature furnace tube equivalent temperature, remaining life, and operation stress, and forecast the high temperature furnace tube remaining life. At the same time, it provides a high-temperature furnace tube remaining life assessment device, and the device includes the waveform acquisition device, the waveform display and receiving device, and the data-processing system. The invention can calculate and predict the high temperature furnace tube remaining life, and according to the remaining life, it can replace in advance the high-temperature furnace tube during the life end state.

A method for heat treating a multilayer semiconductor wafer having a central region and a peripheral edge each having a surface. The method includes thermally treating selected portions of the peripheral edge to compensate for local differences in heat absorption. This establishes a substantially equivalent temperature over both the surface of the central region and the surface of the peripheral edge to prevent the appearance of slip lines on those surfaces.

The present invention includes methods, systems and computer-readable media for more accurately determining wind chill temperature, Twc, equivalent temperature, Teq, time to freeze, tf, facial temperature, Tfm+Δt, as a function of time and the altitude correction factor, Δtf / 1000. The wind chill model of the present invention accounts for the two major heat losses (forced convection, radiation) and a minor heat loss (evaporative cooling) from the facial surface and is also capable of accounting for the two major heat gains (metabolic, solar) at the facial surface due to the individual's physical activity and the presence of sunshine. The wind chill model of the present invention also provides a more accurate value for the wind velocity at head level.

The invention provides a real time load calculation method considering thermal inertia of a building and a solar radiation effect. The method comprises that an outdoor comprehensive temperature simplified calculation model considering the solar radiation effect and absorption characteristics of the building for solar radiation is put forward, an outdoor comprehensive equivalent temperature simplified calculation model considering the thermal inertia of the building, that is, considering that the effect of an outdoor temperature on the interior of a room has attenuation and delay, and finally a real time heating load calculation model comprehensively considering the thermal inertia of the building and the solar radiation effect is finally put forward. By adopting the method provided by the invention, computer measurement and control is easy to realize, two-network water supplying and returning temperatures can be accurately and reliably determined through verification of application, oversupply or supply lack is avoided, and better energy-saving and emission reduction benefits are realized.

The invention discloses a high-rise building structure inelastic time-varying analysis method and relates to a building structure design method. The high-rise building structure inelastic time-varying analysis method includes that construction simulation is performed on a structure by using three-dimensional finite element software, and initial internal force sigma of a construction member is calculated; a shrinkage and creep value D is calculated by adopting a B3 model, the shrinkage and creep value D is converted into equivalent temperature FT to be exerted in the model, and a consideration deformation internal force value sigma' is obtained through re-calculation; a shrinkage and creep value D' and equivalent temperature FT' after consideration deformation are calculated by using the anew obtained construction member internal force value sigma'; the equivalent temperature FT' is exerted on the model again, and finally a construction member internal force value sigma'' after coupling is obtained through calculation. A time-varying function coupling effect calculation method is deduced on the basis of a time-varying mechanics analysis method, the more accurate inelastic time-varying analysis method is provided on the basis, and the high-rise building structure inelastic time-varying analysis method has maneuverability in engineering application and meets requirements of engineering construction development well.

The invention discloses an asphalt pavement aging simulating method. The method comprises the following steps: inquiring the climate and communication information of the area to be simulated, according to the climate and communication information, calculating the rutting equivalent temperature, UV accelerating factor, raining accelerating factor, and rutting accelerating factor; according to the service life of the simulated pavement, calculating the rutting time, UV radiation time, and spraying time; putting a rutting member into a pavement material life-cycle analysis instrument, starting the pavement material life-cycle analysis instrument to obtain a simulated aged member; and according to the analysis of the multifunctional pavement material life-cycle analysis instrument on the aged member and the weights of aging factors (rutting equivalent temperature, UV accelerating factor, raining accelerating factor, and rutting accelerating factor), obtaining the aging index of simulated member. The aging mode is controlled by a plurality of factors, and thus the simulation is more close to the actual situation of asphalt pavement.

A micro-channel cooling fin for a battery module and battery is provided. The cooling fin includes a metal plate assembly that defines a plurality of cooling channels therein. The metal plate assembly includes an inlet section for introducing a coolant into the plurality of cooling channels and an outlet section from which the coolant exits the plurality of cooling channels. Each channel has an output temperature and an input temperature such that the output temperature minus the input temperature for each cooling channel is within a predetermined amount.

The invention discloses a temperature field and thermal circuit direct coupling-based motor heat analysis method. Part of parts of a motor are modeled by adopting a finite element method, and other parts are modeled by adopting a thermal circuit method. A temperature field is related to a thermal circuit through an equivalent temperature boundary and an equivalent convection boundary. During solving, a thermal circuit part is regarded to consist of one-dimensional finite element units, and two connected boundaries are regarded as two boundary units. Finally a unit stiffness matrix, a unit load matrix, a unit mass matrix and the like corresponding to the one-dimensional finite element units and the boundary units are superposed to a global stiffness matrix, a global load matrix and a global mass matrix, and the temperature field and the temperature distribution in the thermal circuit are worked out at the same time through a method for solving a global linear equation set. According to the method, the advantages of the finite element method and the thermal circuit method in the motor heat analysis are combined, so that sufficient calculation precision can be ensured and the calculation speed can be remarkably increased.

The invention discloses a method for calculating an equivalent temperature field of large-size concrete based on cooling water monitoring, and relates to a method for monitoring cooling water and a method for calculating an equivalent field in the period of constructing large-size concrete. Based on the prior art, by laying related monitoring instruments and combining a database technology, the invention provides a method for calculating heat absorbed by a cooling water pipe and realizes the emulational simulated calculation of the equivalent temperature field of concrete in the construction period. The full-process monitoring, data management, calculation and simulation system of the cooling water of a concrete engineering is provided by the method, and the temperature developing state of the large-size concrete in the construction period can be deeply known under the direction of the method.

The invention discloses a dynamic load bearing design method applied to a reciprocating compressor crankshaft. The method solves the problems that in the traditional dynamic load bearing design process, parameters are difficult to determine, and characteristic parameter calculation is complex. The design method comprises the steps of width-diameter ratio design and radius gap interval computationin the bearing design process, and further comprises the step of calculation of pressure distribution, minimum oil film thickness, oil film pressure, lubricating oil flow, power loses, equivalent temperature rise and the like of a bearing, all parameter indexes of the bearing are checked more comprehensively, and the design objective safety is high. According to the method, a finite element methodis adopted for solving a Reynolds equation, compared with traditional experience formula computing, more parameters can be obtained, as for the bearing, with the complex variable working condition, like the dynamic load bearing, the design steps are simplified, and the design time is saved; and design of a bearing oil inlet hole is carried out by drawing a cloud picture of a pressure crankshaft angle and a bearing circumferential unfolding angle.

The invention relates to a white tea warm-withering method, which is characterized in that the production process has the following steps: 1, fresh tea sieving, namely, fresh white tea is filled into sieves; 2, delivery of fresh tea to the withering greenhouse and hierarchical display, namely, the sieves loaded with fresh white teat are placed on iron shelves in the withering greenhouse, layer by layer; 3, closing the greenhouse door; 4, startup of a temperature controller, namely, the temperature controller on a temperature-controlled door is turned on; 5, startup of a humidity controller, namely, the humidity controller on the temperature-controlled door is turned on; 6, startup of a hot air circulation machine; 7, startup of a ventilator; 8, starting of fresh tea withering, wherein, the temperature is 30-35 DEG C, the relative humidity is 60% -70%, and the withering time is 18 hours; 9, hot air circulation, namely, the hot air circulation machine ensures equivalent temperature of the upper and lower layers in the withering greenhouse, and automatically exhausts above temperature and humidity, or automatically turns off under temperature and humidity; and 10, temperature-time control, namely, the temperature at the earlier 3 hours is controlled at 30 DEG C, the temperature at the middle 12 hours is controlled at 32 DEG C, while the temperature at the later 3 hours is controlled at 35 DEG C. The invention adopts the mechanical heating-withering technology and can artificially control the white tea withering temperature and humidity so as to ensure the quality of the white tea, improve the productivity and achieve greater promotion and application values.

The invention discloses a method for realizing the on-line estimation of the equivalent temperature of a lithium ion battery. The method includes the following steps that: the relationship model of the charge transfer resistance Rct_0 of the lithium ion battery and the real temperature Tr of the battery is established according to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under different real temperatures of the lithium ion battery; under an actual working condition, an SOC correction factor fs and a current ratio correction factor fi are introduced so as to be used correcting the influence of aSOC and a current ratio on charge transfer resistance respectively, and the relationship model of charge transfer resistance Rct and battery temperature T, which is suitable for the working condition,is established; and the model is substituted into a battery equivalent circuit model, and with the battery temperature T used as a state variable, the extended Kalman filter algorithm is used to estimate the battery temperature T which is used as an equivalent temperature under the working condition of the battery, and therefore, the online estimation of the equivalent temperature of the batteryis realized.

A system and method for assessing thermal comfort in an enclosure is disclosed. In one embodiment, a method includes performing a numerical analysis on a calibration enclosure including a thermal manikin in a uniform thermal environment to obtain a surface heat transfer coefficient (hcal) for each body part of the thermal manikin. The method also includes performing a numerical analysis on an enclosure including one or more thermal manikins in a non-uniform thermal environment to obtain a total heat flux (q''T) for each body part of the one or more thermal manikins. The method further includes computing an equivalent temperature (teq) of each body part of the one or more thermal manikins using the obtained associated hcal, the obtained associated q''T, and an associated surface temperature of the body part. Furthermore, the method includes evaluating thermal comfort in the enclosure based on each computed teq.

A pressure gauge for determining refrigerant pressure and the saturated vapor equivalent temperature for a refrigerant in an HVAC system. The pressure gauge employs a bourdon tube with at least one attached strain gauge to sense the refrigerant pressure and produce an electronic pressure signal. The electronic pressure signal from the output of the strain gauge is attached to a microprocessor, which calculates and displays the refrigerant pressure, the saturated vapor equivalent temperature for a variety of refrigerants, and produces instantaneous and time lapsed representations of those parameters.

The invention belongs to the technical field of remote sensing application, and particularly relates to a method for converting microwave remote sensing surface temperature to thermal infrared remote sensing land surface temperature. A physical method suitable for a bare-ground area is provided based on a soil heat conduction equation. The method comprises the steps of data preprocessing; GLDAS data calibration; equivalent temperature generation; conversion from microwave remote sensing surface temperature to thermal infrared remote sensing land surface temperature, wherein land surface temperature which has the same physical significance as thermal infrared remote sensing land surface temperature is generated through passive microwave remote sensing data. The method can be universally applied to existing passive microwave remote sensing inversion land surface temperature algorithms. By the adoption of the method, the precision of the algorithms in inversion of bare-ground area surface temperature is improved.

A pressure gauge for determining refrigerant pressure and refrigerant saturated vapor equivalent temperature for a refrigerant in an HVAC system.

A method for measuring performance parameters of an infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) module has steps of capturing continuous digital images from the IRFPA module, performing image division on each of the continuous digital images, and measuring multiple performance parameters of each divided digital image, including signal transmission function, a temporal noise equivalent temperature difference, a spatial noise equivalent temperature difference, non-uniformity and operability, thereby increasing accuracy in measuring the performance parameters of the IRFPA module. Also, a method for detecting bad pixels of an IRFPA module includes a gain value method, an offset value method, a temporal noise method and a spatial noise method, is applicable to the IRFPA module with more than two response areas, and avoids incorrect detection to treat pixels in different response areas as bad pixels.

The invention relates to a calculation method for detection limit in gas-leakage infrared imaging, and belongs to the field of gas leakage detection. The calculation method comprises the following steps of: firstly calculating the background radiant exitance when no gas leaks, and taking the background radiant exitance as background radiant exitance for imaging detection; calculating equivalent blackbody temperature of the imaging detection background by the background radiant exitance for imaging detection; secondly, when gas leaks, calculating the radiant exitance after the background radiation is absorbed by gas according to a gas parameter in the background radiant exitance for imaging detection, namely a target radiant exitance for imaging detection; calculating target equivalent blackbody temperature for imaging detection by the target radiant exitance for imaging detection; then calculating an absolute value of the difference between the imaging detection background and the target equivalent blackbody temperature, and defining the absolute value as a gas equivalent blackbody temperature difference; and finally comparing gas equivalent temperature difference with a noise equivalent temperature difference of comprehensive performance parameters of an infrared detector and an optical system, and determining gas-leakage detection limit value, namely, a minimum flow of leaked gas.

Single-phase, non-cubic and single-phase, cubic ferroelectric / paraelectric perovskite-structured materials having reasonably low and fairly temperature insensitive dielectric constants (stable dielectric constants over a wide range of operating temperatures of −80° C. to 100° C.), reasonable loss tangents (<˜10−1), high tunability, and significantly lowered Curie temperature below the temperature range of operation for previous undoped perovskite structures are provided. The FE / PE materials of the present invention have dilute charge-compensated substitutions in the Ti site of the perovskite structure. This single-phase structure or a variant of it with a Ti rich composition, provided herein, allows for pulsed-laser-deposition of a thin film with uniform transfer of the structure of the target into the deposited film, which enables production of very small, lightweight devices that are extremely efficient and consume little power. These ferroelectric / paraelectric materials may be used in phase shifter devices (such as used in cell phones, antennas and the like), variable true time delay devices, steerable beams, tunable filters, impedance transformers, variable control oscillators, antennas, radios, filters, microwave variable capacitors, radar systems, electronic warfare sensors, resonators, microwave transverse-electromagnetic-ferroelectric voltage-controlled oscillators, and other RF, microwave, or millimeter wave tunable devices for synthesizers and systems incorporating all of the above, as well as any application that enhances the performance of various types of electrical and electro-optic devices.

The performance of a thermal insulation for a building surface 6 (FIG. 1), subject to a thermal gradient emitting from the building interior, is enhanced by a neutral thermal gradient. For this purpose an electrical heating element 1 has means for releasing very low Wattages of thermal energy and is contained within an inner layer 4 and an outer layer 5 of thermal insulation. Adjusting the thermal efficiency of the insulation layers controls the magnitude of the thermal energy required to maintain the temperature of the element 1 at the equivalent temperature level to the building interior. The element 1 may be provided with a moisture controller and discharge sizeable quantities of thermal energy to dry moisture from the thermal insulation materials of the assembly.

The invention discloses a design method for crack control crack of an overlong concrete frame structure, concretely comprising the following steps of: determining the value of a comprehensive calculation temperature difference sigma delta t: determining the value of a season temperature difference delta t1 and determining the value of an equivalent temperature difference delta t2 of the contraction distortion of the concrete; calculating the additional elastoplasticity force of the concrete frame: introducing the elastoplasticity rigidity reduction coefficient beta' and determining the upper and lower limits of beta', calculating the elastoplasticity sideway movement resisting rigidity of an intermediate column of the frame, calculating the column top shearing force value of an intermediate column in the frame column line, and calculating the column top shearing force value Vn0 of an (n) column on the end part of the frame; and designing and rechecking the sections of the beam and column of the overlong frame: designing the section of the frame beam and rechecking the frame column. The design method has simple solving process and simple and clear design process, and cannot only save materials, but also can control the width of the crack in a maximal crack width limitate value, thereby bringing convenience to the design and the construction.

The present invention relates to a method of protecting a starting clutch that generates an estimated equivalent temperature of the starting clutch and performs an operation for protecting the starting clutch if the estimated temperature exceeds critical temperature, in order to prevent the burnout of the starting clutch caused by excessive slip under severe conditions.

The invention discloses a method for enhancing bridge health monitoring structural response and temperature data correlation convergence. The method comprises the steps that 1, bridge health monitoring system temperature data and corresponding structural response data in time are obtained; 2, a best-smooth algorithm is utilized for conducting smooth treatment on monitoring data; 3, the influence of a monitoring data time-lag effect on data correlation is eliminated by using a Fourier series theory, and meanwhile the dispersing action of frequency components of two data signals on a correlation relationship is reduced; 4, a multiple linear regression method is adopted for calculating an equivalent temperature and calculating a correlation coefficient between the structural response data and equivalent temperature data after time lag eliminating. Accordingly, the influence of factors such as data random fluctuation, the time-delay effect and the frequency components on the correlation coefficient can be effectively eliminated, and therefore convergence of correlation between the bridge health monitoring system structural response and the temperature data is enhanced, and great significance in bridge health monitoring early warning and evaluation is achieved.

The invention relates to an indoor air temperature setting method and device of a central air conditioner system. The setting method comprises the following steps that (1) expected felt air temperature data Tbody,set are set; (2) at the initial moment, relative humidity data RHin,act of indoor air are collected; (3) according to the collected relative humidity data RHin,act of the indoor air and the expected felt air temperature data Tbody,set, the indoor air temperature setting value Tin,set is calculated; and (4) the indoor air temperature setting value Tin,set is input into a control system of a central air conditioner tail end fan coil unit to control the opened degree of a valve of a freezing water pipe of the fan coil unit so as to adjust the indoor temperature. According to the indoor air temperature setting method and device of the central air conditioner system, the equivalent temperature calculating method is internally arranged, and the effect that the felt air temperature setting valve suitable for actual cold and cold feeling of a human body is equivalent to the indoor running temperature setting valve of a traditional air convection air conditioner is achieved, so that the air conditioner running temperature is conveniently recognized and set by a normal user, the problem that whether temperature control of the air conditioner tail end fan coil unit meets actual requirements of the user or not in the actual running and operating process is solved, and good experience of the user is ensured.

The invention discloses an electric equipment fault analysis and diagnosis method and a system based on infrared imaging temperature measurement. According to the method, an online infrared imaging temperature measurer is employed to carry out temperature measurement and video shooting for a detection part of electric equipment to acquire temperature measurement data and video data which are together transmitted to a monitoring computer in real time, fault analysis and diagnosis on the electric equipment are realized through line temperature analysis, equivalent temperature analysis, gradient temperature field distribution analysis and largest continuous load overheat spot temperature analysis on the monitoring computer. Through the method, all-day-round monitoring can be realized, a problem of a fault of the electric equipment can not be timely discovered through hand-operated temperature measurement is effectively solved, the present basic picture analysis situation is effectively expanded, and temperature measurement analysis and present equipment state timeliness are improved.

The invention relates to a seamless structural method of an overlong reinforced concrete pond, and is characterized in that during a construction stage, a hydration heat equivalent temperature difference and a shrinkage equivalent temperature difference stress are solved by adopting an expansive concrete, so that a shrinkage crack is not formed when the concrete is poured and formed. A restrained expansion ratio is only 50% of the conventional expansive concrete method, and an amount of doped expanding agents is only about 50% of the conventional expansive concrete method. During a long-term using stage, a temperature difference stress generated by a seasonal negative temperature difference is solved by a prestress, so that a structural crack is avoided. In comparison with the conventional prestress method, the number of prestress ribs is reduced for 50%. The seamless structural method, provided by the invention, has the advantages that respective advantages of the expanding agents and the prestress ribs are exerted, the pond is poured and formed at one time, so that integrity, shock resistance, crack and penetration resistance and durability of the concrete pond are improved, a seamless problem of each stage of the overlong pond can be solved well, the engineering construction cost is reduced, a remarkable technical progress is embodied, and the seamless structural method has very high popularization value.