194 results about "Calorimetry" patented technology

Heating is a significant factor in residential gas-energy usage. Saving energy on heating is receiving increasing attention with rising energy prices and the Kyoto Protocol on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Energy awareness and energy efficiency hereby become important qualifications for human behavior and residential building codes, and become a factor in the evolution of the global climate. Here, we describe a novel measurement and validation system for domestic gas-energy usage in combination with primary weather data. We disclose a gas-energy observatory which visualizes human behavior in gas-energy consumption associated with domestic facilities, and measures home energy efficiency by calorimetry. Weather-sensitivity analysis quantifies energy-usage as a function of small variations in room temperature and home energy efficiency. Weather-sensitivity data can be used to calculate changes in room-temperature settings or improvements in home insulation for a desired reduction in CO₂-output. By public dissemination of its primary weather data, it creates in dual-use at no additional cost a novel in-situ climate observational systems with unprecedented wide-area coverage and spatial resolution.

The present invention includes a linear material used for a stent implanted in a blood vessel such as the coronary artery, and a blood vessel stent employing this linear material. The linear material is formed of a biodegradable polymer poly-(L-lactic acid) having a crystallinity, as measured by differential calorimetry, of 15 to 60%. The linear material is a monofilament having a diameter of 0.08 mm to 0.30 mm. This monofilament is shaped to a tubular structure used as the blood vessel stent.

A platinum/Rhodium resistance thermal probe is used as an active device which acts both as a highly localized heat source and as a detector to perform localized differential calorimetry, by thermally inducing and detecting events such as glass transitions, meltings, recystallizations and thermal decomposition within volumes of material estimated at a few mu m3. Furthermore, the probe is used to image variations in thermal conductivity and diffusivity, to perform depth profiling and sub-surface imaging. The maximum depth of the sample that is imaged is controlled by generating and detecting evanescent temperature waves in the sample.

Toner contains a binder resin containing a crystalline resin having a urethane and/or urea bonding; and a colorant, wherein in a diffraction spectrum of the toner as measured by an X-ray diffraction instrument, a ratio {C/(C+A)} of an integral intensity C of the spectrum derived from the crystalline structure to an integral intensity A of the spectrum derived from the non-crystalline structure is 0.12 or greater, wherein the toner satisfies the following relation 1: T1−T2≦30° C. (Relation 1), where T1 represents the maximum endothermic peak in the first temperature rising from 0° C. to 100° C. at the temperature rising rate of 10° C./min and T2 represents the maximum exothermic peak in the first temperature falling from 100° C. to 0° C. at the temperature falling rate of 10° C./min as T1 and T2 are measured by diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC).

In thermal sensing devices, such as for calorimetry, a support layer or central layer can have a thermometer element or other thermal sensor on one side and a thermally conductive structure or component on the other. The thermally conductive structure can conduct temperature or other thermal input signals laterally across the support layer or central layer. The temperature or signals can then be provided to the thermometer element, such as by thermal contact through the support layer. An electrically conducting, thermally isolating anti-coupling layer, such as of gold or chromium, can reduce capacitive coupling between the thermally conductive structure and the thermometer element or other thermal sensor.

A thermal power measurement device is characterized in that the device comprises a calorimetry cylinder, a constant-temperature and heat-insulation system, a temperature equalization system, a calibration system, a signal processing and controlling system and a box body, wherein the calorimetry cylinder is a three-layer embedded composite structure; the inner-most layer is a sample chamber, the middle layer is semiconductor thermoelectric modules that are connected in series and the external wall is a constant-temperature layer; the sample chamber is internally provided with a thermocouple and a thermal resistor; the semiconductor thermoelectric modules are fixedly arranged between the sample chamber and the external wall by a mechanical method; the constant-temperature and heat-insulation system comprises a constant-temperature system and a heat insulation system; the constant-temperature system comprises a circular constant-temperature bath and a red copper fluid pipe; the red copper fluid pipe is closely attached to the external wall of the calorimetry cylinder; the inlet of the red copper fluid pipe is connected with the circular constant-temperature bath by a constant-temperature trough; the constant-temperature trough is internally provided with a remote temperature probe that is connected with the circular constant-temperature bath; the temperature equalization system comprises a fan that is arranged in the sample chamber; the calibration system comprises the thermal resistor; and the signal processing and controlling system comprises a computer and a data collecting card and is used for collecting signals in real time and controlling the fan power, calibration power and water bath temperature.

Automated isothermal titration micro calorimetry (ITC) system comprising a micro calorimeter with a sample cell and a reference cell, the sample cell is accessible via a sample cell stem and the reference cell is accessible via a reference cell stem. The system further comprises an automatic pipette assembly comprising a syringe with a titration needle arranged to be inserted into the sample cell for supplying titrant, the pipette assembly comprises an activator for driving a plunger in the syringe, a pipette translation unit supporting the pipette assembly and being arranged to place pipette in position for titration, washing and filling operations, a wash station for the titrant needle, and a cell preparation unit arranged to perform operations for replacing the sample liquid in the sample cell when the pipette is placed in another position than the position for titration.

The invention discloses a liquid nitrogen gasification scan heat measuring method and the device. The invention uses process of heat exchange between the sample and the liquid nitrogen, and carries on sample heat measuring; it also discloses two kinds of optimized projects, namely: carries on heat compensation or overheat compensation in the process, in order to upgrade the heat measuring precision. At the same time, the invention also discloses a device based on the method. The invention is simple, quick and accurate, the device is simple, and the consumed nitrogen is little.

The invention discloses an adiabatic accelerating rate calorimeter with dynamic thermal inertia correction features. The adiabatic accelerating rate calorimeter comprises highly symmetrical dual testchannels, a standard heater, an external plugging type spherical reaction cell, a temperature and power measurement module, a system circuit board, and control software for data display and recording.The differences between the adiabatic accelerating rate calorimeter and a classical adiabatic accelerating rate calorimeter in structure and data processing are that: in terms of calorimetry, the adiabatic accelerating rate calorimeter can obtain dynamic thermal inertia factors in an adiabatic reaction process in real time by utilizing heating power of the standard heater measured by means of thetwo channel symmetric structure; and in terms of thermal analysis, for the deficiency that a thermal inertia factor is considered as a constant in the existing thermal analysis kinetics solving method based on adiabatic accelerated calorimetry, a novel kinetics solving method considers the dynamic changes of the thermal inertia factor and combines a non-linear fitting method for kinetics solution. The adiabatic accelerating rate calorimeter is higher in applicability, and is of great significance for improving the accuracy of the chemical reaction heat risk assessment.

The invention provides a mixed calorimetry based specific heat calculating method for frozen soil. The method comprises the following steps: a soil sample with the mass of m is taken, and water content w of the soil sample is measured; the soil sample is placed in a freezer at the constant negative temperature t lower than 0 DEG C for 60 h, and the total heat Q0 of the frozen soil sample is acquired; the frozen soil sample is placed in the freezer for 60 h; the total heat Q1 and Q2 required by the soil sample at the constant negative temperature (t-delta t) and (t+ delta t) for being heated to heat exchange balance temperature t1 and t2 from initial temperature are calculated respectively; the heat Q3 and Q4 are determined by measuring specific heat and content of soil particles and water; the specific heat c of the frozen soil sample at the specific negative temperature t is obtained according to a formula. The method has the beneficial effects that the specific heat of the frozen soil sample at a certain temperature point can be calculated precisely, conventional errors caused by thermal calculation based on average specific heat are improved, the minimum error is 0.039 DEG C, the maximum error is 0.5955 DEG C, and actual engineering needs can be met. Predicted temperature of a temperature field in a freezing method construction process can be increased to a larger extent by aid of precision improvement, and the safety of freezing method construction is guaranteed.

A breath monitoring apparatus is provided comprising a housing (4) on which is mounted, a means (6, 10, 12) to measure the volume of an inhaled breath of the user; and a means (8) to measure the gas content of an exhaled breath of a user. There is further provided a method of monitoring breaths, the method comprising the steps of calculating the volume of an inhaled breath of a user and calculating the gas content of an exhaled breath of the user. The apparatus and method relate in particular to indirect calorimetry.

The present invention is generally related to the correlation of physical and/or chemical measurements with other physical and/or chemical measurements and the application of the correlation to transform a product or process (e.g., to formulate, mix, blend compounds or materials of various natures and origins) upon predicting/estimating certain property(ies) and/or performance index(ices) as indicated by a dependent variable estimate. Embodiments of the inventive technology applies specifically to the problem of producing a correlation when the independent variables of interest exceed the number of observations. This situation is common in many fields of science and technology, such as, but not limited to, spectroscopy, calorimetry, thermogravimetric, chromatography and others. A perhaps primary advantage of embodiments of the inventive method over prior art is the ability to generate correlations directly in terms of measured variables.

Methods, integrated kits and systems for the rapid detection, identification and/or quantification of microorganisms in samples such as blood samples via calorimetry are disclosed.

According to the present invention in a first aspect, there is provided an apparatus for determining the type of fuel burnt by a user, the apparatus comprising an oxygen sensor and a carbon dioxide sensor, and wherein the oxygen sensor and the carbon dioxide sensor are operable to establish the type of fuel burnt by a user of the apparatus.

Optical methods and devices for the thermal detection and imaging of infrared, sub-millimeter, millimeter and high energy radiation, wherein the thermal mass of the detector is minimized by the use of microscopic photoluminescent temperature probes having a weight mass which can be of the order of 10⁻¹¹ grams or smaller. Used for detection of high energy radiation, including quantum calorimetry, said temperature probes allow non-contact measurements free of electrical sources of noise like Johnson noise or Joule heating.