57 results about "Calorimetric measurement" patented technology

A method for producing a toner that comprises toner particles, each of which comprises a binder resin, which comprises a resin (A) capable of forming a crystalline structure, and a colorant, the method including: a pressure holding step of, after preparing toner particles, holding the toner particles for 5 minutes or more at a pressure of 2.0 MPa or more under conditions of a temperature T1 (° C.) represented by formula (1):20≦T1≦Tp2  (1)(wherein, Tp2 represents the onset temperature of the maximum endothermic peak derived from the resin (A)), wherein a peak temperature Tp1 of the maximum endothermic peak derived from the resin (A) during the first temperature rise of the toner particles as determined by differential scanning calorimetric measurement is 50° C. to 90° C.

A method for producing a toner that comprises toner particles, each of which comprises a binder resin, which comprises a resin (A) capable of forming a crystalline structure, and a colorant, the method including: a pressure holding step of, after preparing toner particles, holding the toner particles for 5 minutes or more at a pressure of 2.0 MPa or more under conditions of a temperature T1 (° C.) represented by formula (1):20≦T1≦Tp2  (1)(wherein, Tp2 represents the onset temperature of the maximum endothermic peak derived from the resin (A)), wherein a peak temperature Tp1 of the maximum endothermic peak derived from the resin (A) during the first temperature rise of the toner particles as determined by differential scanning calorimetric measurement is 50° C. to 90° C.

A measurement operation, such as a calorimetry measurement, is performed using a measurement array and a replaceable passivation membrane (e.g., a parylene membrane). The passivation membrane is used to cover the measurement array to provide temporary electrical and chemical passivation, while still allowing measurement of the parameter of interest (e.g., temperature, in a calorimetry measurement). By only replacing the membrane instead of the entire measurement array between measurement operations, the cost of the measurements can be significantly reduced over conventional methods. The passivation membrane can be mounted on a frame to simplify handling of the membrane.

The invention discloses a multichannel parallel heat release rate test system and test method, and aims at providing a system and a test method for accurate calorimetric measurement of a fire disaster with large burning area and high heat release rate through a multichannel parallel mode. The test system comprises a combustor, a data acquisition unit, a data processor and a plurality of test units; each test unit comprises a smoke collection system, a smoke flow measuring system and a smoke sampling system, and the smoke collection system comprises a smoke discharge pipeline, a damping screen, a sampling section and a smoke discharge blower; the smoke flow measuring system comprises a bidirectional pitot tube, a differential pressure transducer and a thermocouple; the smoke sampling system comprises a smoke sampling pipe, a condenser, a smoke filter, a drying device, a sampling pump, a rotor flow meter, an oxygen sensor, a CO2 sensor and a CO sensor; and the smoke discharge pipelines in the test units are connected in parallel. The multichannel parallel heat release rate test system and the test method, provided by the invention, can be used for testing the heat release rate of a tunnel fire disaster, and also can be used for testing the heat release rates of fire disasters of automobiles and trains.

Apparatus and methods for performing calorimetry. The apparatus include optical devices for detecting thermal processes and multiwell sample plates for supporting samples for use with such optical devices. The methods include measurement strategies and data processing techniques for reducing noise in measurements of thermal processes. The apparatus and methods may be particularly suitable for extracting thermal data from small differential measurements made using an infrared camera and for monitoring chemical and physiological processes.

Thermoanalytical sensor for calorimetric measurements which cooperates with a temperature control device and comprises at least one measurement position formed on the sensor, a heat flow path established between the temperature control device and the at least one measurement position, and at least one temperature-measuring element, characterized in that the sensor has a plurality of layers which are formed substantially by ceramic elements that have been solidly bonded to each other by undergoing a sintering process together and which in their green state can be provided with a structure, wherein at least a part of the ceramic elements are structured.

In one aspect, provided herein is a single crystal silicon microcalorimeter, for example useful for high temperature operation and long-term stability of calorimetric measurements. Microcalorimeters described herein include microcalorimeter embodiments having a suspended structure and comprising single crystal silicon. Also provided herein are methods for making calorimetric measurements, for example, on small quantities of materials or for determining the energy content of combustible material having an unknown composition.

The invention provides an adiabatic acceleration calorimetric method based on machine learning. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a mathematical nonlinear exponential growth fittingformula for accurately describing the adiabatic heat release process through fitting of a mathematical nonlinear modelaccording to actually measured temperature rise data of sample in heat release stage, and enabling the temperature control system of the adiabatic acceleration calorimeter to perform programmed temperature rise according to the obtained fitting formula, and obtaining an experimental curve closer to the actual adiabatic temperature rise process of the sample so that more accurate adiabatic calorimetric measurement of the thermal runaway process is realized. According to the method, measurement errors caused by temperature tracking lag are overcome, and later thermal and dynamic analysis and evaluation can be carried out more fully and accurately; the finally obtained adiabatic thermal experiment curve can effectively improve the accuracy of subsequent thermodynamic calculation of the sample, and has important guiding significance for guiding implementation of reaction safety risk evaluation and chemical safety evaluation.

Systems and methods are disclosed herein for a microfluidic calorimeter apparatus. A microfluidic calorimeter system includes a calorimetry apparatus and a processor in connection with the apparatus. The apparatus includes a microfluidic laminar flow channel connected to two inlets for flowing fluid into the laminar flow channel. Below the laminar flow channel is a plurality of microscale temperature sensors at known positions in the channel. The processor is in connection with the discrete temperature sensors and determines a calorimetry measurement based on local temperatures derived from data output by the microscale temperature sensors and the respective positions of the sensors in the channel.

An image forming system includes a storing unit that stores a color test pattern made up of a set of test images for grayscale characteristic measurement; a print position setting unit that sets plural positions where the color test pattern stored in the storing unit is printed, based on paper size information supplied thereto; an outputting unit that outputs the color test pattern retrieved from the storing unit in plural positions on a printing medium according to the print positions set by the print position setting unit; a grayscale correction data creating unit that creates grayscale correction data according to results of calorimetric measurements of the test images of plural color test patterns printed on the printing medium; and a grayscale characteristic correction unit that corrects grayscale characteristics of print data to be printed, according to the grayscale correction data created by the grayscale correction data creating unit.

The invention relates to a method for thermally measuring the heat insulation amount at high temperature and high pressure. The method mainly solves the problem that a method for thermally measuring the heat insulation amount at high temperature and high pressure is not available in the prior art. According to the method for thermally measuring the heat insulation amount at high temperature and high pressure, a calorimetry test can be carried out on a device for thermally measuring the heat insulation amount according to a heat insulation mode and an isothermy mode at the temperature below 800 DEG C and the pressure below 20 MPa, the reaction process can be precisely controlled, and data can be acquired and analyzed in real time. According to the technical scheme, the device comprises a central control system, a pressure control unit, a temperature control unit and a reaction still, the problems are well solved, and method can be used for thermally measuring the heat insulation amount at high temperature and high pressure.

The invention is a system and method for producing highly localized calorimetry data on a sample surface. The system is based on an SPM or other system with a probe and fine positioning capability. A heated probe is used to take a small sample (nano-sample) of a surface, and thereby make calorimetry measurements in a controlled manner.

The invention relates to a device for carrying out adiabatic calorimetric measurement at high temperature and high pressure, mainly aiming at solving the problem that methods for carrying out adiabatic calorimetric measurement at high temperature and high pressure do not exist yet in the prior art. The device for carrying out adiabatic calorimetric measurement at high temperature and high pressure can carry out calorimetric testing at 800 DEG C and 20MPa according to an adiabatic model and an isothermal model and can implement precise control on the reaction process and collect and analyze data in real time. The device comprises a central control system, a pressure control unit, a temperature control unit and a reaction kettle. The device has the effect of better solving the problem and can be used for carrying out adiabatic calorimetric measurement at high temperature and high pressure.

The invention discloses a thermoelectric parameter testing device of a battery. The thermoelectric parameter testing device comprises a battery charge and discharge setting module (1), a heat-conduction calorimetric measurement module (2) and a signal processing module (3); a to-be-tested battery fixing and wiring device (21) is put into a calorimetric bottle (22) and then put into a calorimetric tube (23); the battery charge and discharge module (1) provides different electrical parameters of the battery to be tested through the battery fixing and wiring device (21), so that the battery to be tested goes through different processes such as charge and discharge, and change curves of current, voltage and heat flow along with the time in the process are measured at the same time, and characteristic parameters representing discharge and discharge performances and security performance of the battery are obtained through an analyzer (31). The thermoelectric parameter testing device is high in intelligent degree and simple in testing method; the security performance of the battery can be evaluated when the electrical performance of the battery is evaluated by measuring heat and electric parameters and a built intelligent model, and various batteries can be effectively detected under the condition that artificial interference does not exist.

Systems and methods are disclosed herein for a microfluidic calorimeter apparatus. A microfluidic calorimeter system includes a calorimetry apparatus and a processor in connection with the apparatus. The apparatus includes a microfluidic laminar flow channel connected to two inlets for flowing fluid into the laminar flow channel. Below the laminar flow channel is a plurality of microscale temperature sensors at known positions in the channel. The processor is in connection with the discrete temperature sensors and determines a calorimetry measurement based on local temperatures derived from data output by the microscale temperature sensors and the respective positions of the sensors in the channel.

The invention is a system and method for producing highly localized calorimetry data on a sample surface. The system is based on an SPM or other system with a probe and fine positioning capability. A heated probe is used to take a small sample (nano-sample) of a surface, and thereby make calorimetry measurements in a controlled manner.

Thermoanalytical sensor for calorimetric measurements which cooperates with a temperature control device and comprises at least one measurement position formed on the sensor, a heat flow path established between the temperature control device and the at least one measurement position, and at least one temperature-measuring element, characterized in that the sensor has a plurality of layers which are formed substantially by ceramic elements that have been solidly bonded to each other by undergoing a sintering process together and which in their green state can be provided with a structure, wherein at least a part of the ceramic elements are structured.

A method and apparatuses for measuring the temperature of a radiating body utilizing the alexandrite effect. The method includes the steps of generating a mathematical relationship between a hue value and temperature for an alexandrite effect filter, receiving radiation from the radiating body, measuring a spectral power distribution of the radiation, calculating the hue value based on the spectral power distribution, and determining the temperature using the mathematical relationship. To implement the method, the apparatuses include an optical probe, a spectral or calorimetric measurement device, and a computer. The apparatuses can measure the temperature of any radiating body with or without spectral lines in the spectral power distribution, and are particularly advantageous to measure high to ultrahigh temperature for radiating bodies with spectral lines, such as plasma, electric arc, and high temperature flames.

A heater (10), especially a motor vehicle heater (10), which has device for determining the temperature and / or which works as overheating protection. It is provided that the device for determining the temperature and / or the work as overheating protection has a flow sensor (12) which works according to the calorimetric measurement principle. Furthermore, the flow sensor (12) which works according to the calorimetric measurement principle is used as a temperature sensor for determining the temperature and / or for making available overheating protection.

An image forming apparatus is provided for performing image formation by developing an electrostatic latent image formed on an image bearing member using a recording material. The apparatus includes an input unit configured to input a color image to be formed, a specifying unit configured to specify an important color of the input color image, and a patch setting unit configured to set a patch on the basis of the important color. The apparatus also includes a calorimetric measurement unit configured to calorimetrically measure a developed patch obtained by developing an electrostatic latent image of the patch formed on the image bearing member, and a calibration unit configured to perform calibration on the basis of the calorimetric value obtained by the calorimetric measurement unit.

Systems and methods are disclosed herein for a microfluidic calorimeter apparatus. A microfluidic calorimeter system includes a calorimetry apparatus and a processor in connection with the apparatus. The apparatus includes a microfluidic laminar flow channel connected to two inlets for flowing fluid into the laminar flow channel. Below the laminar flow channel is a plurality of microscale temperature sensors at known positions in the channel. The processor is in connection with the discrete temperature sensors and determines a calorimetry measurement based on local temperatures derived from data output by the microscale temperature sensors and the respective positions of the sensors in the channel.

The invention provides an adiabatic calorimeter. A number of diathermal walls and an adiabatic cover form a closed storage space (a calorimetric cavity) together. A sample accommodation structure in the storage space can be suspended to carry solid powder or a liquid sample. A temperature control structure controls a heater and an adiabatic cover heater to provide an adiabatic environment for a test sample material, which ensures simultaneous temperature rise of a material in a material cavity, a material in an adiabatic cover material cavity and a measured sample material. When the temperature of the measured sample material reaches thermal runaway temperature and the temperature rise rate increases, and when the temperature rise rate of the heater cannot follow the temperature rise rateof the sample, the material in the material cavity and the measured sample material provide an adiabatic condition for the test sample material due to simultaneous exothermic reaction. The calorimetric accuracy in a thermal runaway process is ensured. The adiabatic calorimeter can accurately measure the temperature rise rate, heat release rate, heat release and other parameters during the thermalrunaway reaction process, and accurately carries out calorimetric measurement on the thermal runaway process.

A method and system for calorimetrically measuring the temperature-dependent absorptivity of a homogeneous material dimensioned to be thin and flat with a predetermined uniform thickness and a predetermined porosity. The system includes a material holder adapted to support and thermally isolate the material to be measured, an irradiation source adapted to uniformly irradiate the material with a beam of electromagnetic radiation, and an irradiation source controller adapted to control the irradiation source to uniformly heat the material during a heating period, followed by a cooling period when the material is not irradiated. A thermal sensor measures temperature of the material during the heating and cooling periods, and a computing system first calculates temperature-dependent convective and radiative thermal losses of the material based on the measured temperature of the material during the cooling period when beam intensity is zero, followed by calculation of the temperature-dependent absorptivity of the material based on the temperature-dependent convective and radiative thermal losses determined from the cooling period.

A method and apparatuses for measuring the temperature of a radiating body utilizing the alexandrite effect. The method includes the steps of generating a mathematical relationship between a hue value and temperature for an alexandrite effect filter, receiving radiation from the radiating body, measuring a spectral power distribution of the radiation, calculating the hue value based on the spectral power distribution, and determining the temperature using the mathematical relationship. To implement the method, the apparatuses include an optical probe, a spectral or calorimetric measurement device, and a computer. The apparatuses can measure the temperature of any radiating body with or without spectral lines in the spectral power distribution, and are particularly advantageous to measure high to ultrahigh temperature for radiating bodies with spectral lines, such as plasma, electric arc, and high temperature flames.

The invention discloses a thermoelectric parameter testing device of a battery. The thermoelectric parameter testing device comprises a battery charge and discharge setting module (1), a heat-conduction calorimetric measurement module (2) and a signal processing module (3); a to-be-tested battery fixing and wiring device (21) is put into a calorimetric bottle (22) and then put into a calorimetric tube (23); the battery charge and discharge module (1) provides different electrical parameters of the battery to be tested through the battery fixing and wiring device (21), so that the battery to be tested goes through different processes such as charge and discharge, and change curves of current, voltage and heat flow along with the time in the process are measured at the same time, and characteristic parameters representing discharge and discharge performances and security performance of the battery are obtained through an analyzer (31). The thermoelectric parameter testing device is high in intelligent degree and simple in testing method; the security performance of the battery can be evaluated when the electrical performance of the battery is evaluated by measuring heat and electric parameters and a built intelligent model, and various batteries can be effectively detected under the condition that artificial interference does not exist.

The invention provides a color-fadable developer capable of rapidly fading the colors of an image and the test method thereof. The color-fadable developer contains a binder resin, a color generation compound and a color developing agent. When the developer is heated from a low temperature to a high temperature at a prescribed temperature rising speed, differential scanning calorimetry is detected. The operation is repeated twice. A first differential scanning calorimetry curve based on a measurement by differential scanning calorimetry during the first heating has an endothermic peak that is missing from a second differential scanning calorimetry curve based on a measurement differential scanning calorimetry during the second heating, and has a different peak than the endothermic peak caused by a glass transition point of a binder resin.

The invention relates to a calorimetric calculation method, in particular to a calorimetric algorithm capable of performing equilibrium final value calculation in a dynamic transition interval. The method comprises four execution stages, namely (1) a basic data collection stage, (2) a system characteristic value analysis stage, (3) a curve shape discrimination stage and (4) a balance final value calculation stage. The real-time iterative numerical calculation algorithm is introduced into the collected data for processing, the data rule of the dynamic interval of the measurement process is concluded, and the system operation trend is deduced, so that the measurement result can be obtained in the dynamic region time period before the steady state is reached, the measurement does not need to depend on the establishment of the overall thermal balance stable state of the system, the calorimetric measurement time can be remarkably shortened, and the time efficiency of calorimetric measurement is greatly improved.

A measurement operation, such as a calorimetry measurement, is performed using a measurement array and a replaceable passivation membrane (e.g., a parylene membrane). The passivation membrane is used to cover the measurement array to provide temporary electrical and chemical passivation, while still allowing measurement of the parameter of interest (e.g., temperature, in a calorimetry measurement). By only replacing the membrane instead of the entire measurement array between measurement operations, the cost of the measurements can be significantly reduced over conventional methods. The passivation membrane can be mounted on a frame to simplify handling of the membrane.