365results about "Material heat development" patented technology

The application provides a thin film thermal diffusivity measurement system based on a variable radius annular laser heat source, and relates to the technical field of thin film material thermal diffusivity measurement. The method comprises the following steps: converting an electronic cosine signal into an electric signal for driving an acousto-optic modulator; modulating a Gaussian laser into an annular laser spot; continuously programming phase modulation on the annular laser spot, and using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator to complete non-contact, non-mechanical dynamic adjustment and real-time heat source center position adjustment; collecting temperature response data; receiving and storing the temperature response data output by a signal collection module, and obtaining a thermal diffusivity value after processing. The application can significantly improve the non-destructiveness and high signal-to-noise ratio of the temperature measurement process, solve the problems of complex processing steps and high measurement difficulty in pretreatment, realize the rapid and accurate thermal diffusivity measurement of conductive materials, and simultaneously measure insulating materials and conductive materials.

The application discloses a high-absorption carrot juice processing control method based on multi-stage quality detection, and relates to the technical field of food processing. The method comprises the following steps: raw material acceptance and initial physical property detection; low-temperature color protection pretreatment; dynamic pressing and initial filtration; enzyme solubilization treatment to release embedded carotenoids; three-stage high-pressure homogenization to reduce the D[4,3] particle size to below 380 nanometers; instantaneous high-temperature sterilization to promote interface membrane reconstruction; multi-stage quality online detection is implemented at four key nodes; closed-loop parameter feedback adjustment is realized based on detection data through a multivariate regression model; and finally, sterile cold filling and light-proof aging are performed. Through the technical scheme, the application significantly improves the carotenoid retention rate, oxidation stability and in-vitro gastrointestinal simulation absorption rate, the final product absorption rate is stably above 42%, the retention rate is above 92%, and no organic solvent or non-original juice processing means is needed, so the application is suitable for industrialized production of high-value-added pure carrot juice.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring the specific heat of a solid-state good conductor at varying temperatures from low to room temperature. The apparatus includes: a solid-state good conductor sphere with a through-hole along its diameter, a heating element positioned at the center of the through-hole; a first temperature measuring element positioned at the center of the sphere to measure the temperature at the center; a second temperature measuring element positioned in the external environment to measure the ambient temperature; a temperature difference measuring element to measure the temperature difference between the environment and the surface of the sphere; a container holding a low-temperature medium; a position adjustment mechanism to adjust the height of the sphere within the container; a heating control circuit to achieve periodic heating; and a data acquisition and processing device to collect temperature, temperature difference, and heating parameters in real time. The method uses a periodic square wave heating signal to heat the sample. The temperature increment is estimated by linearly fitting the natural temperature rise process before and after heating using a temperature extrapolation method. The specific heat capacity is calculated based on the heat released by the heating element, the temperature increment of the sample, and its physical properties. This application requires no insulation or heat preservation measures, achieves continuous measurement over a wide temperature range, has high measurement accuracy, and a simple apparatus structure.

A portable method and device for monitoring sodium ions in breast milk, belonging to the field of lactation status feedback, is disclosed. The method is executed after a breast milk container is installed on the main unit and includes the following steps: breast milk container identification and batch parameter loading, posture detection and gating, dry self-calibration of the electrical channel, thermal pulse temperature response acquisition and thermodynamic virtual volume feature extraction, low-frequency / high-frequency electrical response acquisition and bubble interference feature extraction, optical scattering signal acquisition and fat / turbidity proxy feature extraction, and geometric boundary compensation, temperature compensation, milk fat shielding compensation, and sodium ion concentration inversion based on the multi-dimensional features. It can also perform nursing guidance push, result storage, and edge-cloud collaborative updates. The device includes a main unit and a breast milk container. The main unit contains a heating film, a temperature probe, an optical turbidity detection module, and an electrode detection module connected to a four-electrode structure. This solution can improve the accuracy, stability, and repeatability of breast milk sodium ion detection in a home setting.

This invention provides a method for determining the deactivation temperature and deactivation characteristics of a hydroformylation catalyst, comprising: S1. preparing a hydroformylation reaction solution; S2. measuring the reaction solution and placing it in an adiabatic testing instrument to simulate a hydroformylation reaction, stopping the heating when the temperature reaches T0 and incubating the reaction under adiabatic conditions; recording the temperature change and obtaining the highest temperature T. m S3. After cooling the test ball, remove half of the reactant material, add the hydroformylation reaction raw material, and heat up to simulate the hydroformylation reaction. When the temperature reaches T1, stop heating and perform an adiabatic reaction. Record the highest temperature T. mf S4. Compare T1 and T m and T mf If T mf =T1, catalyst deactivation temperature is T m Irreversible inactivation; if T mf =T m The catalyst deactivation temperature is T m Reversible inactivation; if T mf >T m Remove the material from the test sphere and repeat steps S2 to S4. The judgment method of this invention has a short testing cycle, high safety, and eliminates the need for sample separation and component analysis. It provides guidance for research on catalyst operating limits and the selection of homogeneous catalyst recovery temperatures.

The application discloses a kind of leaf contains stem detection positioning method and device, comprising: obtaining the image and thermal radiation data of tobacco sheet;Tobacco sheet image and thermal radiation data are pretreated;Combining image data and thermal radiation data judges whether tobacco leaf contains stem is excessive, determines the position and range of excessive tobacco sheet;According to the position information of leaf contains stem, emit multiple laser points to automatically displace positioning tracking to excessive tobacco sheet.The purpose of the present application is to provide a kind of leaf contains stem detection positioning method and device, to improve the detection positioning accuracy of leaf contains stem, so as to improve the rejection accuracy.

This invention discloses a thermal conductivity measurement probe and method, belonging to the field of thermal property measurement technology. The probe includes a probe rod, a probe head, and a watertight connector. The head end of the probe rod is threadedly connected to the probe head, and the tail end of the probe rod is threadedly connected to the watertight connector. The probe head contains a heating element and a temperature sensing element. The probe rod contains a wiring channel. The heating element is electrically connected to the watertight connector via a power supply wire, and the temperature sensing element is communicatively connected to the watertight connector via a signal wire. The method includes the following steps: Step 1, inserting the probe into the sediment to be tested; Step 2, activating the heating element; Step 3, the temperature sensing element acquiring the temperature response signal; Step 4, calculating the thermal conductivity of the sediment to be tested based on the data and the transient hot-wire method theoretical model. The segmented threaded connection method facilitates the independent processing, assembly, and replacement of the probe rod, probe head, and watertight connector, reducing costs.

The invention discloses a hydrogen leakage diffusion non-uniform concentration gradient gas cloud minimum ignition energy test and blast-to-pedigree experiment device and an experiment method thereof. Comprising a visual semi-open test chamber, a premixing and flow regulation and control system, a gas temperature regulation and control system, a flow field wind speed regulation and control system, an environment water mist regulation and control system, an adjustable high-pressure ignition system, a non-uniform hydrogen injection system, a data acquisition system, a program control system and a time sequence synchronous controller. According to the hydrogen leakage diffusion non-uniform concentration gradient gas cloud minimum ignition energy test and blast-to-pedigree experiment device, a plurality of gas cloud forms such as local enrichment or concentration gradient advancing along with time can be constructed through cooperation of the position-adjustable non-uniform hydrogen injection system and the premixing and flow regulation and control system, and the injection position and key parameters can be reproduced; and moreover, dynamic monitoring of concentration distribution can be realized through a data acquisition system, and a researcher is helped to establish a corresponding relation of the gas cloud concentration along with time and space changes.

This invention proposes a velocity-controlled graphene non-reciprocal near-field thermal radiation measurement device and method, belonging to the fields of nanoscale thermal management and photonics technology. A first graphene plate and a second graphene plate are placed parallel to each other in a high-vacuum cavity, with a nanoscale vacuum gap between them. A macroscopic displacement platform is connected to the first graphene plate to control its macroscopic movement velocity along the interface direction. A precision DC power supply is connected to the second graphene plate to inject current to induce microscopic drift velocity of its internal charge carriers. A high-precision temperature sensor is in contact with both graphene plates to monitor their temperature. A near-field heat flux meter is located on the back side of the second graphene plate to measure the radiative heat flux passing through the gap. A calculation and control unit is connected to the macroscopic displacement platform, the precision DC power supply, the high-precision temperature sensor, and the near-field heat flux meter to coordinate and control the velocity parameters and collect and process heat flux data.

The present application discloses an oil stain detection method, device, equipment and storage medium. The method includes: during the process of heating the to-be-detected cavity to thermal equilibrium, collecting multiple frames of temperature rise data at a preset frequency; determining the temperature rise slope data of multiple pixel points based on the multiple-frame pixel temperature rise data of the multiple frames of temperature rise data; during the process of cooling the to-be-detected cavity to thermal equilibrium, collecting multiple frames of temperature drop data at a preset frequency; determining the temperature drop slope data of multiple pixel points based on the multiple-frame pixel temperature drop data of the multiple frames of temperature drop data; determining the temperature change gradient data of multiple pixel points based on the temperature rise slope data and the temperature drop slope data; determining multiple oil stain edge pixel points among the multiple pixel points based on the temperature change gradient data. The calculation is simple and the cost is low. At the same time, infrared detection has good anti-interference performance and can accurately detect the oil stain situation in the steam environment of the steam oven.

The application relates to a cooking utensil state detection method, an intelligent range hood and a computer device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: performing infrared thermal imaging on a target region above a heated cooking utensil to obtain a real-time temperature matrix corresponding to the target region; the real-time temperature matrix comprises a plurality of temperature values, and each temperature value corresponds to a corresponding position in the target region; gradient analysis is performed on each temperature value in the real-time temperature matrix to obtain a corresponding gradient amplitude matrix; the gradient amplitude matrix comprises a temperature gradient amplitude corresponding to each temperature value; based on each temperature value in the real-time temperature matrix and the gradient amplitude matrix, a heat diffusion coefficient of the cooking utensil is determined; and based on the heat diffusion coefficient, the current state of the cooking utensil is identified. Through the application, the problem that the actual state of the cooking utensil cannot be accurately detected is solved, and the state of the cooking utensil is accurately detected, so that the user can timely avoid the safety and health risks caused by the change of the state of the cooking utensil.

This utility model relates to the technical field of fluid heat transfer experimental equipment, and provides a narrow-slit annular flow channel experimental device, including: an adjustable narrow-slit flow channel module, a cold water circulation system, and a hot water circulation system; the adjustable narrow-slit flow channel module includes: multiple sets of experimental flow channels; each experimental flow channel includes: an outer tube and an inner tube arranged concentrically; a narrow slit is formed between the outer tube and the inner tube; the inner tube diameters of different experimental flow channels are different; a cold water inlet is provided at one end of the outer tube, and a cold water outlet is provided at the other end; the cold water inlet and cold water outlet are connected to the cold water circulation system; a hot water inlet is provided at one end of the inner tube, and a hot water outlet is provided at the other end; the hot water inlet and hot water outlet are connected to the hot water circulation system. This utility model meets the comparative experimental needs of flow channels with different gaps and different materials, and can study the fluid resistance and heat transfer characteristics under different conditions, providing rich experimental data for related research.

This invention discloses a method and apparatus for rapidly determining the component ratio of rare earth molten salts. First, a database of temperature drop curves containing various molten salt components is established. Then, a temperature acquisition device is used to collect the temperature of the molten salt sample under test during its cooling process at room temperature, and the temperature drop curve data of the sample is saved. The temperature drop curve of the sample is compared with the data in the established database to identify the molten salt component with the highest similarity in temperature drop curves. This component is then used as the component ratio of the molten salt sample under test. This method and apparatus can provide reliable and convenient data support for the rapid detection of praseodymium-neodymium fluoride and lithium fluoride in molten salts in actual production environments, achieving the goal of stabilizing the electrolyte molten salt system and improving the quality of rare earth metals.

This utility model discloses a testing device for the performance of high-temperature resistant and high-thermal-conductivity cementing materials for geothermal wells. It includes a support frame, a housing mounted on the support frame, a partition inside the housing, an inner cylinder above the partition, and an outer cylinder coaxially mounted outside the inner cylinder. A first annular through hole is provided on the partition between the outer and inner cylinders. A second annular through hole, vertically connected to the first annular through hole, is provided on the top plate of the housing. An annular lifting plate is located below the partition, and a support plate is located at the bottom of the annular lifting plate. A first hydraulic cylinder is located at the bottom of the housing, with its telescopic end penetrating the bottom plate and fixedly connected to the support plate. A second hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the support, with a connecting pipe at its telescopic end, and a rebound hammer is mounted on the connecting pipe. This utility model can rapidly test the high-temperature resistant and high-thermal-conductivity efficiency of cementing materials and the molding strength of cementing materials at different temperature layers in geothermal wells, achieving high testing efficiency.

The application relates to a glass window detection device and belongs to the technical field of glass window testing devices. The device comprises a detection frame body and a fixing support arranged in the detection frame body and used for mounting a glass window. The fixing support comprises a first support fixed to the detection frame body and a second support slidingly mounted to the detection frame body. The glass window is fixed to the detection frame body through the fixing support. The application has the effects of improving the mounting stability and dismounting efficiency of the glass window.

An arrayed high-energy laser counter-UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) test method and apparatus are provided, relating to the technical field of UAV tests. The method includes the following steps: preparing a test apparatus and a UAV; conducting a laser counter-UAV test; observing an ablation process and analyzing an ablated morphology of the UAV to obtain a radius and ablation depth of a tested ablation area of the UAV; performing finite element simulation on a test process to obtain a radius and ablation depth of a simulated ablation area of the UAV; and comparing the radii and ablation depths of the simulated and tested ablation areas of the UAV, adjusting finite element simulation parameters to make a simulation result coincide with a test result, and deriving an ablation depth-time variation curve of a key point in the simulated ablation area.

The application discloses a kind of asphalt concrete panel temperature dissipation rate testing device and method under big wind environment, device includes simulation test device and in-situ testing device;Method includes the following steps: one, pours asphalt concrete test block;Two, adjust temperature compensator;Three, set up big wind environment;Four, acquisition asphalt concrete test block during the formation process multiple sets of key parameters;Five, change big wind environment and obtain multiple sets of key parameters;Six, obtain multiple sets of key parameters in the formation process of asphalt concrete test block under a variety of different big wind environment;Seven, fitting temperature dissipation rate calculation model of the asphalt concrete type required in construction site;Eight, cast in place asphalt concrete panel and pre-embed multiple third temperature sensors located at different heights;Nine, using in-situ testing device to test asphalt concrete panel temperature dissipation rate under the big wind environment of field. Obtain temperature dissipation rate by fitting temperature dissipation rate calculation model, provide technical support for asphalt concrete temperature control and crack prevention.

This utility model relates to the field of online analyzer technology and discloses a back pressure balancing system for an FTA analyzer, including an FTA analyzer, a back pressure balancing system, and a flare. The FTA analyzer is connected to the back pressure balancing system via an outlet pipe. One end of a return manifold is connected to the outlet pipe, and the other end is connected to the flare. A pneumatic pump is installed on the return manifold. A differential pressure flow meter is installed on the return manifold between the FTA analyzer and the pneumatic pump, with its other end connected to the return manifold between the FTA analyzer and the differential pressure flow meter, and the other end connected to the pneumatic pump. The control system is connected to the drive gas pipeline and the differential pressure flow meter. This utility model can reduce the pressure of the high-pressure gas discharged from the FTA analyzer, maintaining the discharged gas within a normal pressure range, enabling stable discharge of high-pressure gas. It solves the problem of high and fluctuating pipeline pressure preventing the discharge of exhaust gas after instrument analysis, improving system reliability and ensuring the long-term stability and maintainability of the system.

This invention provides a failure analysis method for a heat spreader, comprising the following steps: testing the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends of the heat spreader to determine if the temperature difference is within the standard range; performing a visual inspection of the heat spreader to determine if micro-leakage is caused by weld spalling or poor welding; performing a dimensional inspection of the heat spreader to determine if there is any thickness deviation affecting the internal structure and causing increased thermal resistance; performing thermal imaging tests on the heat spreader under both gravity and anti-gravity conditions to determine if the heat spreader's performance is completely lost or partially degraded; performing two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional imaging detection on the heat spreader; performing airtightness testing on the heat spreader; performing hydrophilicity testing on the heat spreader; performing capillary action testing on the heat spreader; drying the heat spreader and obtaining the quality difference before and after drying to determine if it is within the standard range; and performing material characterization tests on the heat spreader. This failure analysis method for heat spreaders enables rapid location and in-depth analysis of failure causes, improving the efficiency of failure analysis.

This invention provides a method and apparatus for determining the full-age hydration heat curve of high arch dam concrete, relating to the field of data processing technology. The method includes: inverting the hydration heat after arch closure based on monitoring data of similar high arch dam projects to obtain the post-arch hydration heat curve of the high arch dam concrete; determining the medium-to-long-term hydration heat curve of the high arch dam concrete based on the post-arch hydration heat curve; using the hydration heat curve of the high arch dam concrete determined by hydration heat tests as the early-age hydration heat curve of the high arch dam concrete; and determining the full-age hydration heat curve of the high arch dam concrete based on the medium-to-long-term hydration heat curve and the early-age hydration heat curve. The apparatus performs the above method. The method and apparatus provided by this invention can solve the problem of insufficient estimation of medium-to-long-term hydration heat and improve the accuracy of the full-age hydration heat curve.

This invention discloses a device for detecting the apparent thermal conductivity of insulation materials, comprising: a detachable cold cavity, into which the insulation material to be tested can be wrapped during testing; a first refrigerator that provides cooling to the cold cavity, the cold head of which is connected to the cold cavity via a thermal bridge; a vacuum chamber, in which the cold cavity and the cold head of the first refrigerator are installed; a temperature measuring element for detecting the temperature of the cold head of the first refrigerator, the cold cavity, and the outer surface of the insulation material; and a temperature controller for adjusting and maintaining the cold cavity and the cold head of the refrigerator at a preset temperature. This invention indirectly characterizes the apparent thermal conductivity of multilayer materials by using the difference in cooling capacity of the refrigerator under conditions of connecting and unconnecting the insulation-wrapped cold cavity. This method is simple to operate, eliminates the need for cryogenic liquids, avoiding the safety and cost issues associated with cryogenic liquid testing; and eliminates the need for material calibration, avoiding potential errors from the calibration process.

This invention discloses a method for detecting the condition of transformer test insulation components. The method includes the following steps: S1, sampling the insulation paper on the surface of the transformer windings or leads, and recording and statistically analyzing the temperature rise changes in various parts of the transformer; S2, based on the temperature rise change statistics, selecting the points with the largest temperature rise changes in each winding or lead, and identifying the corresponding insulation paper; S3, conducting a cohesion degree test, obtaining data, and processing it; S4, inputting the cohesion degree test results into the insulation component detection model, outputting the detection interval, and determining the condition of the insulation component based on the detection interval. This invention solves the problem of damage to internal insulation components during existing transformer testing. It detects the condition of internal insulation components while protecting the transformer, ensuring the safety of transformer testing and facilitating continued maintenance.

This invention discloses a universal cryogenic valve heat leakage performance testing device and method, belonging to the field of valve testing technology. It includes: a cryogenic valve to be tested installed on the upper end of a cryogenic thermostat; the valve seat of the cryogenic valve to be tested connected to a valve heat exchanger via a pipe clamp; a first cold shield surrounding the valve seat; a valve support including a first flange adapted to different cryogenic valves to be tested; two cold shields installed inside the cryogenic thermostat, both with modular sidewall designs, flexibly adaptable to different cryogenic valves to be tested; two heaters connected to a temperature controller respectively installed on the heat sink and the pipe clamp; a GM refrigeration unit installed inside the cryogenic thermostat, including two-stage cold heads; a second cold shield surrounding the two-stage cold heads; a secondary cold head with a secondary heat exchanger connected to the valve heat exchanger; a helium supply device connected to the primary heat exchanger on the primary cold head; a helium recovery device connected to the valve heat exchanger; and a vacuum pump unit connected to the cryogenic thermostat. This invention improves testing efficiency and device utilization.

The invention proposes a hydrogen peroxide sensor (1) comprising a passive measuring sensor (2) and a passive reference sensor (3). These sensors can be brought into contact with a measuring gas. The measuring sensor (2) is configured, for example by a catalytically active layer (8), for the catalytic conversion of hydrogen peroxide (5). The measuring sensor (2) is designed as a temperature sensor (6). This allows the measuring sensor (2) to detect the heat generated during the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide (5) at the measuring sensor (2).

The application discloses a kind of bipolar high-voltage electrode soil remediation device and method based on infrared imaging regulation and control, it is related to soil pollution remediation technical field, comprising: two-way high-voltage power supply, the output of two-way high-voltage power supply is connected with bipolar high-voltage electrode assembly by high-voltage wire harness, and is used to output the positive and negative direct-current high-voltage pulse with amplitude ±10kV~±50kV, frequency is 5Hz~20Hz;Infrared imaging monitoring module, the infrared imaging monitoring module is installed on the holder support, and the infrared imaging monitoring module can be driven by holder support to carry out full coverage real-time imaging to the soil of embedded electrode area;The application captures the soil discharge thermal characteristics in real time by infrared imaging, determines the over-discharge and electric field blind area condition in combination with the repair method of the application, and adjusts the repair device parameters in combination with the determination condition, breaks through the limitation of traditional technology static setting, offline detection, forms closed-loop control system, effectively avoids over-discharge and electric field blind area problem, and improves repair uniformity and effect.

The application discloses a kind of detection methods of the temperature resistance of filler for organic silicon sealant, belong to material detection technical field;Including determining the initial fineness value of filler sample, record as L0;Filler sample is baked at 150~180 ℃ condition 2~4 hours;Determine the fineness value of filler sample after baking, record as L1;If L1-L0≥5 μm, determine this filler sample after high temperature will have the phenomenon of return coarse, poor temperature resistance;If L1-L0<5 μm, then determine this filler sample temperature resistance is good;The method described in the application is simple, fast detection, low equipment requirement and accurate and reliable result;Solve the existing problems, such as operation complex, detection efficiency low and poor correlation with actual application of temperature resistance detection method of filler for organic silicon sealant.

This invention discloses a calorimetric and infrared (IR) coupled device and method capable of simultaneously detecting the strength and state of solid-gas (liquid) interactions. The device, combined with a calorimeter having a measuring channel and an infrared measurement module, can simultaneously measure the strength and state of solid-gas (liquid) interactions. This invention also discloses a method for studying and detecting the strength and state of solid-gas (liquid) interactions. The amount of gas or liquid involved in the interaction is obtained by subtracting the amount of gas or liquid after the interaction from the initial mass of the gas or liquid, and the amount of substance is quantitatively obtained through a mass spectrometer connected to the device. The calorimetric and infrared coupled device and method disclosed in this invention can simultaneously obtain the strength and state of solid-gas (liquid) interactions in a single experiment.

The application discloses a kind of loose coal body thermal property coefficient measurement method and system of exothermic oxidation stage, this measurement method experiment constructs temperature field, determines the loose coal body exothermic heat source term of coal body under high temperature oxidation (70 DEG C above) condition, when the boundary condition of measurement and calculation model function is consistent, the temperature rise curve of measuring point;Then construct thermal property parameter calculation model function and golden section search calculation model, measure the thermal diffusivity of loose coal body.The measurement method and system of the application are high in degree of automation, and the measurement result is reliable and stable, easy to operate;It comprehensively uses finite difference equation and golden section search algorithm, and introduces heat source term, eliminates the influence of self-heating of coal body in oxidation environment on thermal diffusivity test, improves the measurement accuracy and efficiency;Convenient for engineering application, the algorithm is packaged by program, and the calculation result can be obtained by inputting corresponding parameters.

This invention discloses a method and system for quality acceptance of concealed sprinkler installation based on infrared thermal imaging, relating to the fields of building fire protection facility acceptance and non-destructive testing technology. The method includes: modeling and calibration, establishing a material parameter library containing thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and temperature resistance limits, and completing coordinate system alignment and time synchronization; controlled excitation and triggering, applying hot / cold pulses to the pipe network or connecting metal parts where the sprinkler is located and recording the frequency band identifier; acquisition and preprocessing, obtaining infrared image sequences before, during, and after excitation and extracting temporal observation features such as isothermal contour radius, temperature difference response, temperature gradient center, and contour ellipticity; determining update weights based on signal-to-noise ratio, occlusion, and excitation effectiveness, and performing block fusion and recursion with time decay; installation geometry and fastening status estimation, outputting the sprinkler's position, tilt angle, extension amount or elevation, and fastening status indicators within the ceiling plane; compliance judgment and reporting, generating conclusions and rectification suggestions based on threshold-weighted scoring.