7379results about "Material heat development" patented technology

A combustion analyzer apparatus and method for combustion analysing a sample, the analyzer comprising a combustion chamber (82) for receiving a sample for combustion therein to form combustion products, and a fluid supply apparatus for supplying fluid(s) into the chamber. The fluid supply apparatus (130-140) comprises a nitrogen oxides (NOx) generating apparatus (140,190,210,240) and is arranged to supply NOx into the combustion chamber. A yield of sulphur dioxide in the combustion products may thereby be improved. The NOx generating apparatus may be operated at a raised working temperature. The NOx generating apparatus may be provided by an ozonator with a supply of nitrogen and oxygen. A Venturi tube arrangement (246) may draw the generated NOx into a (carrier or oxygen) gas line to the combustion chamber. Ozone may be supplied to the combustion products to convert nitrogen monoxide therein to nitrogen dioxide. The NOx and ozone may be supplied by a single device (210,240).

A microfluidic substrate assembly includes a substrate body having at least one fluid inlet port. At least one microscale fluid flow channel in the substrate is in fluid communication with the inlet port for transport of a fluid to be tested. The substrate body also has a plurality of sockets, with each of one or sockets configured to receive an operative component. At least one socket is in communication with the microscale fluid flow channel.

The invention provides an apparatus for regulating the temperature of a chemical and / or biological sample and a method of using the same. The apparatus includes at least one temperature control module. The temperature control module includes a heater, a conductor of caloric, and a temperature sensor. The heater of the temperature control module is adapted to thermally communicate with a removable substrate, on which said chemical and / or biological sample is placed, via the conductor of caloric. The temperature sensor of the temperature control module is adapted to detect and control the temperature of the substrate via the conductor of caloric. The apparatus is designed such that the substrate is situated above said temperature control module to entirely cover said temperature control module.

A photoelectrochemical assay apparatus for determining chemical oxygen demand (COD) of a water sample which consists of a) a measuring cell for holding a sample to be analysed b) a titanium dioxide nanoparticle photoelectric working electrode and a counter electrode disposed in said cell, c) a UV light source adapted to illuminate the photoelectric working electrode d) control means to control the illumination of the working electrode e) potential measuring means to measure the electrical potential at the working and counter electrodes f) analysis means to derive a measure of oxygen demand from the measurements made by the potential measuring means. The method of determining chemical oxygen demand of a water sample, comprises the steps of a) applying a constant potential bias to a photoelectrochemical cell, containing a supporting electrolyte solution; b) illuminating the working electrode with a UV light source and recording the background photocurrent produced at the working electrode from the supporting electrolyte solution; c) adding a water sample, to be analysed, to the photoelectrochemical cell; d) illuminating the working electrode with a UV light source and recording the total photocurrent produced; e) determining the chemical oxygen demand of the water sample according to the type of degradation conditions employed. The determination may be under exhaustive degradation conditions, in which all organics present in the water sample are oxidised or under non-exhaustive degradation conditions, in which the organics present in the water sample are partially oxidised.

Free-standing microfluidic channels are used to both transport and analyze molecules of interest. In a biochemical context, such molecules may be polypeptides, nucleic acids, or other biomolecules. The free-standing channels provide a real-time readout of concentration without the need for labeling with reporter molecules. The channels can also measure enthalpy values and equilibrium constants by detecting heat released from or absorbed by the sample.

Methods for determining the film thickness of a compound composition needed to provide a selected purity and yield of a condensation aerosol via vaporization of the compound composition have applications in aerosol delivery technology, in pulmonary drug delivery, and in other therapeutic treatment regimes. The methods for determining such film thickness, for use in a device having a film of drug composition to be aerosolized, include generating purities and yields of a drug composition by vaporizing films of the drug composition from substrates at two or more temperatures in the range of 150° C. to 500° C. and two or more film thickness in the range of 0.05 to 50 microns, determining from these yields and purities if a thickness and temperature exist where the aerosol has at least 90% purity and at least 50% yield, and repeated such measurements until the selected purity and yield requirement are met.

Freeze indicators can include an indicator dispersion, a liquid medium, indicator particles dispersed in the liquid medium and a particulate inorganic nucleating agent to inhibit supercooling of the liquid medium. The inorganic nucleating agent can have an ionic surface coating which can help provide a sharp end point. Optionally, freeze indicators can include indicator particles comprising an organic material and a softener to soften the indicator particles and provide the freeze indication with an enhanced visual appearance. Another option is to provide a temperature-sensitive stabilizer to inhibit coagulation of the indicator dispersion at temperatures above the liquid medium frozen state melting point while permitting coagulation of the indicator dispersion at the liquid medium frozen state melting point.

A nanocalorimeter array for detecting chemical reactions includes at least one thermal isolation region residing on a substrate. Each thermal isolation region includes at least one thermal equilibration region, within which resides a thermal measurement device connected to detection electronics.

An upstream side catalyst and a downstream side catalyst are disposed in an exhaust passage. A first oxygen sensor is disposed between these two catalysts and a second oxygen sensor is disposed downstream of the downstream side catalyst. The air-fuel ratio is forcibly oscillated and the oxygen storage capacity of the upstream side catalyst is detected. Deterioration of the upstream side catalyst is then detected based on whether this oxygen storage capacity is larger than a predetermined value. The forced oscillation of the air-fuel ratio is performed only when the oxygen storage state of the downstream side catalyst is appropriate.

A biosensor for detecting an analyte by using a variable voltage according to infrared radiation absorption is provided. The biosensor includes an infrared absorber having a variable resistance and bioreceptors immobilized onto the infrared absorber for selectively reacting and binding with an analyte, wherein an induced voltage at the infrared absorber varies depending on whether the bioreceptor reacts and binds with the analyte.

A system for monitoring parameters of an energy storage system having a multiplicity of individual energy storage cells. A radio frequency identification and sensor unit is connected to each of the individual energy storage cells. The radio frequency identification and sensor unit operates to sense the parameter of each individual energy storage cell and provides radio frequency transmission of the parameters of each individual energy storage cell. A management system monitors the radio frequency transmissions from the radio frequency identification and sensor units for monitoring the parameters of the energy storage system.

A platinum / Rhodium resistance thermal probe is used as an active device which acts both as a highly localized heat source and as a detector to perform localized differential calorimetry, by thermally inducing and detecting events such as glass transitions, meltings, recystallizations and thermal decomposition within volumes of material estimated at a few mum3. Furthermore, the probe is used to image variations in thermal conductivity and diffusivity, to perform depth profiling and sub-surface imaging. The maximum depth of the sample that is imaged is controlled by generating and detecting evanescent temperature waves in the sample.

The invention relates to a device for determining the heat-conductivity coefficient. The device comprises a testing cavity, a hot-end heating system, a cold-end cooling system, a vacuumizing system, a temperature acquisition system and a pressure control system, wherein a testing platform is arranged in the testing cavity; and the whole testing platform is of an upper-lower structure and is provided with a heating block, a down-pressing head, a sample to be tested, an upper pressing head and a cooling block in sequence from bottom to top. The device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the horizontal temperature gradient of the sample to be tested is simulated by arranging multiple horizontal temperature-measuring points, the heat transferring characteristic of the sample to be tested is objectively reflected by multi-point temperature testing, and the more objective value of the heat-conductivity coefficient is obtained by means of data processing. Simultaneously, high-heat-conductivity flexible thin pieces are arranged between the sample to be tested and the pressing heads, so that the thermal contact resistance is reduced and the accuracy of the tested value is improved. In addition, a limiting ring is arranged between the pressing heads, so that the operability and the accuracy of the test in testing the flexible sample are guaranteed. The accuracy and the objectivity of the test for the heat-conductivity coefficient are greatly improved.

The disclosure is directed at a method and apparatus for integrated real-time monitoring and control of microstructure and / or geometry in thermal material processing (TMP) technologies. The method includes obtaining real-time thermal dynamic variables, such as, but not limited to the cooling rate, peak temperature and heating rate, and geometry of the thermal material process. These real-time thermal variables are then analyzed along with a thermal model to determine a microstructure / geometry model. This microstructure / geometry model can then be used to provide the real-time monitoring and control of a finished state for the material being processed by the thermal material processing procedure.

A platinum / Rhodium resistance thermal probe is used as an active device which acts both as a highly localized heat source and as a detector to perform localized differential calorimetry, by thermally inducing and detecting events such as glass transitions, meltings, recystallizations and thermal decomposition within volumes of material estimated at a few mu m3. Furthermore, the probe is used to image variations in thermal conductivity and diffusivity, to perform depth profiling and sub-surface imaging. The maximum depth of the sample that is imaged is controlled by generating and detecting evanescent temperature waves in the sample.

The invention provides a miniaturized sensor device including a thin film membrane having a first surface and a second surface, one or more resistive thin film heater / thermometer devices disposed directly or indirectly adjacent to the first surface of the thin film membrane, and a frame disposed directly or indirectly adjacent to the second surface of the thin film membrane, wherein one or more internal surfaces of the frame define at least one cell having at least one opening. The sensor device also includes a thin film layer disposed directly or indirectly adjacent to the frame. The sensor device further includes a sensing layer disposed directly or indirectly adjacent to the thin film membrane.

The utility model relates to a material thermal conductivity measuring method of double heat-flux meter steady-state method, belonging to the technical field of material heat conduction performance testing. Based on the analysis of one-dimensional heat conduction in multilayer flat plate, the utility model proposes the adoption of the method of double heat-flux meter and samples with different thickness for heat conduction measurement, and gives quantitative criterion of one-dimensional heat conduction. The utility model adopts multi-point temperature measurement in heat-flux meter, calculates the average heat flux density with one-dimensional heat conduction formula of multi-layer flat plate, overcomes the difficulty of inaccurate heat flux density measurement, and makes alignment-fitting calculation for the actual thermal conductivity coefficient and the interface thermal resistance with test data of samples with different thickness. In addition, the utility model can test not only the thermal conductivity of solid material, but also the thermal conductivity coefficient of film material.

A temperature change is applied to at least a portion of a sample to be measured while measuring the thermal characteristic of a minute portion of the sample based on the temperature change by using infrared ray. There are provided a method and an apparatus which enable the thermal analysis of a minute portion of the sample.

The invention provides a device and a method for measuring thermoelectric parameters of a film. The measuring device, which has a symmetric structure, comprises a radiating fin, a thermoelectric module, a heat insulation material, metal round rods, a thermocouple wire, a voltmeter, a power supply, a data acquisition instrument and a computer. The measuring method provided by the invention comprises the following steps of: clamping a film to be measured between two upper and lower metal round rods which are completely same while the area of the film sample is the same as the cross-sectional area of the metal round rods, controlling the ambient temperature of the measuring device and the heat flow of the film sample by the use of the thermoelectric module, detecting and recording each performance parameter of the film thermoelectric material at real time by the use of the data acquisition instrument. The invention has the following advantages: the performance of the film thermoelectric material at different temperatures can be measured, that is to say, the same device can be utilized to simultaneously measure the thermal conductivity coefficient, Seebeck coefficient and conductance coefficient of the film thermoelectric material so as to calculate ZT values of the film thermoelectric material at different temperatures. According to the invention, the measuring device has a simple principle, is convenient to operate, is small in size, has many test functions and has high measuring precision.

A power compensation differential scanning calorimeter that uses one absolute temperature measurement, two differential temperature measurements, a differential power measurement, and a five-term heat flow equation to measure the sample heat flow. The calorimeter is calibrated by running two sequential calibration experiments. In a preferred embodiment, the first calibration experiment uses empty sample and reference pans, and the second calibration experiment uses sapphire specimens in the sample and reference holders. In an alternate embodiment, sapphire calibration specimens are used in both the first and second calibration experiments.

The present invention relates, in general, to thermography and, in particular, to a method of using infrared thermography to monitor physiological and molecular events that elicit a thermogenic response in animals (including humans), plants, tissues, cells and cell-free systems. The present method can be used for screening, identifying, and ranking drug candidates for multiple diseases, disorders and conditions.

The invention discloses a heat exchanger performance test-bed, which comprises an air circulation system, an oil circulation system, a water / ethylene glycol circulation system and a compressed air system that are respectively connected with a test piece. The heat exchanger performance test-bed of the invention, on the one hand, simulates the working condition of the tested heat exchanger test piece so as to test whether the heat transfer capacity and the resistance are qualified for the design regulation requirements, on the other hand, by testing the standard test piece, the performance curve data of fins which have different types and specifications is obtained, and the fin performance database is established and enriched, thereby the design can reach a better, higher and more economical level.

A method for monitoring the operating temperature of a semiconductor device. The method comprising the steps of: placing a thermal coupling material between the bottom of the semiconductor device and the top of a printed circuit board for inserting the device thereinto; inserting a sensor so to be at least partially covered by the thermal coupling material; and measuring the temperature from the sensor within a predetermined time interval. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, an apparatus is described to carry out the above process.

A system for the measurement of a target analyte is provided including a detection apparatus and a reading apparatus. The detection apparatus, or “carrier”, includes a pyroelectric transducer (“pyroelectric film”) and one or more reagent concentrations (“reagent deposit”) deposited on the film. The reagent deposits are adapted to react with, and thus, detect the presence of a target analyte present in the local environment. Upon detection of the target analyte by the reagent deposit, the reading apparatus and the pyroelectric film may be used to detect the amount of heat that can be absorbed by the reagent deposit in response to irradiation. The pyroelectric film then delivers to the reader a signal corresponding to heat detected and the reader provides a corresponding indication of the concentration of the target substance detected.

An apparatus for sensing an analyte in a gas. The apparatus includes a gas collecting device within the apparatus for collecting the gas containing the analyte, a gas input in fluid communication with the gas collecting device for inputting the gas containing the analyte into the gas collecting device, an analyte interactant in fluid communication with the gas collecting device, wherein the analyte interactant, when contacted by the analyte, reacts to cause a change in thermal energy within the gas collecting device, the anlayte interactant being disposed in a plurality of regions separate from one another, a thermopile device comprising at least one thermopile thermally coupled to the gas collecting device to generate a signal in response to the change in thermal energy, wherein the signal comprises information useful in characterizing the analyte. A related method also is disclosed.

The invention discloses a quasi-stable state method thermal conductivity measurement apparatus, which includes a direct-current power supply, a data acquisition processing system, two heating plates respectively connected to the direct-current power supply, four thermo-electric couples connected to the data acquisition processing system, four identical samples, seven soaking metal sheets and a measurement container stuffed with thermal insulation material. The thermal conductivity measurement apparatus is characterized in that the upper end of the measurement container is provided with a cover, screw threads are machined in the center of the cover and mounted with a bolt, the bolt presses a compressing metal plate above the heat preserving cover, to decrease the inside contact resistance. Two thin film heating plates with staggered structure are adopted, thereby heating on the samples are uniform. The soaking metal plate is provided with grooves, and the corresponding thermo-electric couples are fixed in the grooves by heat conducting glue, the soaking metal plate further uniforms the heat produced by the heating plate, and grooving on the sample is not needed during test, thereby the experimental investigation to different solid thermal conductivities can be conveniently executed.

A compact scanning apparatus has an infrared laser adapted to emit light. The light is delivered as a beam by an optical system to illuminate an interrogation area on the surface of an object being scanned. Such illumination has sufficient intensity and duration to cause selective desorption of molecules of the contraband substance, which are present on the surface, without substantially damaging the surface. A collection system collects at least a portion of the desorbed molecules. At least a portion of the collected molecules is thermally decomposed to form NO2 and transferred to a reaction cell containing an aqueous, alkaline, luminol-containing solution. The NO2 reacts with the luminol to produce light by chemiluminescence. A light detector registers the presence of this light as indicative of the detection of the contraband substance, and activates a signaling device to provide an audible or visible alarm. The apparatus rapidly detects the presence of a wide variety of contraband substances in an accurate, reliable manner. It provides for automated screening, with the result that vagaries of human performance are virtually eliminated. False alarms are reduced and detection efficacy is increased. A traceable residue of the detected contraband is left on the article for use in forensic analysis.

A testing method for thermal resistance of heat conducting material is disclosed. The testing jig which consist of heating unit and dissipating heat unit is set, the heat conducting material is clipped between the heating unit and dissipating heat unit; the testing jig clipping the heat conducting material is located in the environmental test box, and the parameters of the environmental test box is set to do environmental test; the testing jig tested by the environmental test is heated by the heating unit, the heat is transferred to the dissipating heat unit through the heat conducting material, the temperature of the heating unit and dissipating heat unit is measured; when the temperature is stable, the thermal resistance is calculated by calculating the power consumption of the heating unit and the temperature difference of the heating unit and dissipating heat unit. In the invention the testing jig which consists of the heating unit and dissipating heat unit is provided. The invention can test the reliability of the thermal resistance in different condition and improve the measuring accuracy.

A liquid state detecting apparatus including a detecting element which outputs a signal associated with a concentration of a particular component of a liquid contained in a liquid container; an abnormality determination unit which determines whether or not the liquid is in a particular abnormal state based on the output signal of the detecting element, a level detecting part which outputs a signal according to a level of the liquid contained in the liquid container; and a static state determination unit which determines whether or not the liquid in the liquid container is in a static state based on the output signal from the level detecting part, wherein the determination made by the static state determination unit is reflected in the determination made by the abnormality determination unit.