100results about How to "Improve design flexibility" patented technology

The invention provides an electronic device, a ceramic substrate and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of semiconductors. The ceramic substrate comprises a ceramic base body and a liquid channel layer, the liquid channel layer is arranged in the ceramic base body, the liquid channel layer and the ceramic base body are integrally sintered and formed, the liquid channel layer comprises a liquid channel, the liquid channel is used for containing a cooling medium, and the liquid channel extends in the ceramic base body along a three-dimensional space path. The preparation method of the ceramic substrate comprises the following steps: preparing slurry containing ceramic powder, preparing a sacrificial template matched with a target liquid channel in shape, pouring the slurry to coat the sacrificial template, filling a mold with the slurry to obtain a ceramic blank, removing the sacrificial template to form a hollow channel in the ceramic blank, and sintering to form the ceramic substrate with the liquid channel. The electronic device comprises the ceramic substrate, a component and a liquid cooling circulation system.

The utility model relates to the technical field of keyboard backlight modules, in particular to a MINI keyboard backlight module, and solves the technical problems that the whole FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) manufacturing process of the backlight module in the market in the prior art is relatively complicated, so that the whole cost of the keyboard backlight module is increased when a whole FPC lamp panel is used, and the manufacturing cost of the keyboard backlight module is increased. Meanwhile, the whole FPC lamp panel is limited by the size of production equipment in the manufacturing process, so that the length and the width of the FPC lamp panel can not meet the requirements of certain specific applications, and the practicability of the keyboard backlight module is low. The MINI keyboard backlight module comprises a shading film, a light guide plate, a reflecting film and a lamp panel which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the shading film is located on a pattern part on the surface of the light guide plate, the shading film is matched with the reflecting film in boundary dimension, and the lamp panel is arranged at the bottom of the reflecting film. According to the utility model, the effects of reducing the cost and improving the brightness are achieved, and the requirements of some specific applications are met. And the design flexibility and expandability of the keyboard backlight module are improved.

The invention discloses a multi-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric motor stator structure, a piezoelectric motor and a driving method, and different voltage signals are applied to piezoelectric patches around a stator to excite first-order extension and multi-order bending modal motion, so that a driving foot of the stator generates elliptical motion, and further a mover is pushed to move. Based on the two-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric stator, the two-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric stator is suitable for plane multi-degree-of-freedom driving and rotation multi-degree-of-freedom driving, and the applicable range of the piezoelectric stator is greatly widened; and the two driving modes are simple in structure assembly design, and are suitable for a microminiature multi-degree-of-freedom precision driving system. As the motor can meet the driving requirements of planar and rotary driving occasions, the assembly design requirements of the motor are greatly reduced, and decoupling movement in different directions can be realized; according to the multi-degree-of-freedom driving mode based on the two-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric stator, the design flexibility is high, and the performance of the motor is effectively improved.

The invention discloses a surface plasmon resonance radiation cooling-heat conduction-liquid film evaporation coupling heat dissipation multi-layer co-construction micro-nano structure and a manufacturing method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of micro-nano manufacturing and functional structure surfaces, and the multi-layer co-construction micro-nano structure is composed of three layers of structures; the bottom layer structure is a substrate; the top of the bottom layer structure is a near-infrared wavelength scale grating structure; the middle-layer structure is a high-thermal-conductivity diamond film and covers and fills the bottom-layer structure; the top of the middle-layer structure is of a lyophilic micro-nano structure; the top layer structure is a silicon dioxide film. Radiation cooling, efficient heat conduction and liquid film evaporation / boiling phase change heat transfer are coupled, the heat transfer and heat dissipation level is greatly improved, additional external energy input is not needed, and positive significance is achieved for research and development of a novel high-performance and zero-energy-consumption radiator, promotion of development of a high-heat-flow-density advanced system and improvement of the ecological environment.

A relay includes a contact cavity, a contact assembly, a breaking assembly, and a retaining member. The contact cavity includes a yoke plate. The contact assembly includes a stationary contact and a movable member, the movable member including a movable contact and a push rod member, the movable contact mounted on the push rod member, the push rod member movable relative to the yoke plate to move the movable contact to contact or separate from the stationary contact, the movable contact and the stationary contact being capable of forming at least one conduction path when the movable contact contacts the stationary contact. The breaking assembly includes an impactor, the breaking assembly configured to release the impactor in response to an activation signal to impact the movable member to break at least one of the at least one conduction path. The retaining member is connected to one of the yoke plate and the push rod member, the retaining member configured to cooperate with the other of the yoke plate and the push rod member to retain the push rod member at a predetermined position when the breaking assembly breaks at least one of the at least one conduction path.

This application discloses an inductor structure and its fabrication method, equipment, and dielectric. The inductor structure includes an inductor winding, a magnet, and a metal frame. The magnet encloses the inductor winding to form a cuboid inductor body. The metal frame covers the top and / or bottom of the cuboid inductor body and connects to the inductor winding terminals that are extended and bent to the top and / or bottom of the cuboid inductor body. By adding a metal frame to the inductor surface, an inductor structure with electrical interconnect design is achieved, which is compatible with mature molding inductor manufacturing methods and semiconductor processes. Advanced system-in-package (SIIP) requires higher dimensional accuracy than general inductor manufacturing capabilities, limiting the flexibility of package design. The electrode reconfiguration method provided by this invention can solve this accuracy mismatch and improve design flexibility.

The utility model provides a rolling brush, a rolling brush assembly and cleaning equipment, and belongs to the technical field of cleaning equipment. The rolling brush comprises a rolling brush body, the rolling brush body comprises a fixed end and a free end which are arranged in the axial direction, and the fixed end is used for being connected with the cleaning equipment. The two ends of each first cleaning piece extend towards the fixed end and the free end of the rolling brush body respectively, the multiple first cleaning pieces are arranged on the peripheral wall of the rolling brush body at intervals, and the first cleaning pieces are rubber brushes. According to the rolling brush, by arranging the free end and the fixed end, hair can be conveniently removed from the free end of the rolling brush, and then the problems that an existing rolling brush is not prone to removing hair, and hair is prone to being wound are solved.

The application relates to a planetary shaft structure in the technical field of differentials, which comprises a left half shaft gear, a right half shaft gear arranged opposite to the left half shaft gear, and four planetary gears arranged in a cross shape between the left half shaft gear and the right half shaft gear and meshed with the two gears, wherein a main support is arranged through the coaxial two planetary gears of one opposite arrangement, an auxiliary support is arranged through the coaxial two planetary gears of the other opposite arrangement, the two auxiliary supports are respectively arranged on the two sides of the main support, and each auxiliary support is connected with the main support through a positioning piece; the whole planetary shaft structure is simple and clear, the setting of a planetary support is cancelled, the self-strength and mounting strength of the left half shaft gear, the right half shaft gear and the four planetary gears are improved, the design flexibility of the whole planetary shaft structure is improved, and the design complexity and cost of the differential assembly are reduced.

The invention discloses a resonance regulation and control system based on symmetry control. The resonance regulation and control system comprises a low-symmetry metal spiral structure and an excitation microstrip circuit. The low-symmetry metal spiral structure is composed of four metal spiral arms, and the four metal spiral arms have two different lengths. The excitation microstrip circuit sequentially comprises a metal strip, a dielectric substrate layer and a metal ground plane; the resonator introduces an electromagnetic resonance mode excited by a first-order current through the asymmetric design of a low-symmetry metal spiral structure, and realizes the regulation and control of resonance characteristics.

An integrated circuit structure includes a substrate, a bottom nanostructure transistor, and a top nanostructure transistor. The bottom nanostructure transistor is arranged above the substrate and comprises a first channel layer, a first gate structure and a plurality of first source / drain epitaxial structures. The first gate structure surrounds the first channel layer. The first source / drain epitaxial structures are arranged on two opposite sides of the first channel layer. The top nanostructure transistor is over the bottom nanostructure transistor and includes a second channel layer, a second gate structure, and a second source / drain epitaxial structure. The second channel layer is over the first channel layer. The second gate structure surrounds the second channel layer. The bottom surface of the second gate structure is coplanar with the bottom surface of the first gate structure. The second source / drain epitaxial structure is disposed on two opposite sides of the second channel layer.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of electronic atomization, and provides a light-emitting assembly and an electronic atomizer thereof, the light-emitting layer, the light guide layer and the light uniformizing layer are arranged in a stacked mode, light emitted by the light-emitting layer sequentially passes through the light scattering effect of the light guide layer and the light uniformizing layer, and the uniformity of the light emitted outwards by the light-emitting assembly is ensured. Through the guiding and uniform dispersing effects of the light guide layer and the light equalizing layer on the light emitted by the light emitting part, the uniform light emitting effect is achieved, the phenomenon that the local brightness of the area where the light emitting part is located is highlighted is effectively avoided, and the phenomenon that lamp beads are exposed is avoided.

The application discloses a display panel, a preparation method thereof and a display device. The display panel comprises a substrate, a pixel structure and a scanning driving circuit. The pixel structure is electrically connected with the scanning driving circuit. In the direction perpendicular to the plane where the substrate is located, the pixel structure and the scanning driving circuit are located on opposite sides of the substrate. The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application can improve the screen-to-body ratio of the display panel and the design flexibility of the scanning driving circuit.

The invention discloses a settling filter for purifying tap water in a laboratory. The settling filter comprises a mixing tank and a settling filter assembly, the liquid inlet end of the mixing tank is connected with a laboratory tap water pipeline, and the liquid outlet end is connected with the water inlet end of the settling filter tank assembly through a pipeline; the mixing tank is further connected with a flocculating agent adding assembly through a pipeline, the sedimentation filter tank assembly comprises a long-strip-shaped tank body, a suspended filter bed, a plurality of rows of inclined plates distributed in parallel at intervals and a plurality of sedimentation hoppers are sequentially arranged in the tank body from top to bottom, and sludge discharge ports of the sedimentation hoppers are connected with a sludge treatment assembly through pipelines. A water inlet and a water outlet are formed in the tank body, the water inlet is located between the inclined plate and the precipitation hopper, the water outlet is located above the filter bed, and the water outlet is connected with a clear water treatment assembly through a pipeline. The device is compact in structure, can effectively improve the purification efficiency of tap water in a laboratory, is stable in water outlet, and effectively solves the problems of hardening and blockage of a filter bed.

The present disclosure relates to a power module comprising: a first substrate formed by stacking a plurality of layers in a first axis direction; a semiconductor chip electrically connected to the first substrate; a printed circuit board connected to the semiconductor chip and including at least one step portion having a reduced thickness smaller than a thickness of the surrounding region in the first axis direction; and at least one metal block mounted on the at least one step portion in the first axis direction and electrically connected to the first substrate.

The utility model provides a single-sided board multiplexing structure applied to a wireless charging system. The single-sided board multiplexing structure comprises a first single-sided FPC board which comprises a first copper layer, a first base film and a cover film; the second single-sided FPC board comprises a second copper layer, a second base film and a covering film; the thickness of the bonding layer is 3-8 microns, and the bonding layer is located between the first single-face FPC board and the second single-face FPC board and used for fixing the first single-face FPC board and the second single-face FPC board; and the copper layers of the first single-sided FPC board and the second single-sided FPC board are respectively positioned on the outer sides, and interlayer conduction is realized through the bonding layer. According to the utility model, two single-sided boards are overlapped to replace a traditional double-sided board structure, so that the material cost is reduced by more than 25%; through hole electroplating (PTH), double-side etching and other complex processes are omitted, the production process is simplified, and the comprehensive cost is reduced by 18%-22%; the single-sided board is processed in a split manner, so that the alignment error of double-sided imaging is avoided, and the yield loss is reduced; interlayer conduction is achieved through filling of the conductive adhesive or the solder, a traditional electroplating process is replaced, and the process complexity and the defect risk are reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of textiles, and discloses a preparation process of a light-weight environment-friendly automotive trim non-woven fabric. According to the process, three layers of fiber components including regenerated polyester, bio-based polyester and natural fibers are prepared; a sandwich structure is constructed by adopting multi-guide-bar parallel net forming, online electrostatic spinning is performed on a bio-based microporous membrane between layers, and low-melting-point hot melt adhesive powder is applied; and after needling reinforcement and gradient hot air curing are conducted, far infrared preheating is combined with a cold pressing mold for hot punching forming. While the gram weight is reduced, the sound absorption coefficient is improved, and the sound absorption material has excellent flame retardance, self-cleaning performance and full-life-cycle closed-loop recycling capacity.

This disclosure provides a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) device, its fabrication method, and an electronic device. The p-type gate region is formed by implantation ions on the side of the n-drift layer away from the n+ substrate. Therefore, it eliminates the need for high-energy p-type ion deep implantation to achieve the p-type gate region, thereby improving production efficiency. The n-type channel layer can be formed using homoepitaxial growth, which improves device design flexibility and channel mobility. Therefore, compared to Figure 1, this disclosure avoids using deep p-type ion implantation to form the bottom p-type gate region and deep n-type ion implantation to form the n-type channel layer, thus improving device design flexibility, production efficiency, and channel mobility.

The invention discloses a Tesla turbine with an adjustable nozzle incident angle, which comprises a shell, a nozzle structure and a turbine disc assembly which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, and further comprises an angle adjusting device, the nozzle structure comprises an inner shield and a plurality of nozzles rotationally embedded in the inner shield; the turbine disc assembly is arranged on the inner side of the inner protective cover and comprises a rotating shaft and a plurality of turbine discs fixedly installed in the axial direction of the rotating shaft. A total incident port is formed in the outer side of the nozzle structure on the shell; the angle adjusting device comprises a total torque, a total torque connecting shaft and a main gear which are coaxially arranged, and transmission gear assemblies and auxiliary gears which are in one-to-one correspondence with the nozzles, the auxiliary gears and the nozzles are coaxially arranged and fixedly connected, the main gear is driven to rotate by rotating the total torque, and the auxiliary gears are driven to rotate through the transmission gear assemblies; therefore, the nozzle is driven to rotate to change the incident angle of the nozzle. By introducing the adjustable nozzle, the incident angle of the fluid can be conveniently adjusted, so that the performance of the turbine is optimized, and the efficiency is improved.

The application provides a kind of pareto optimal design method of wireless charging coil, medium, coil and system, it is related to wireless power transmission technical field.The application obtains scene parameters and constraint conditions, defines the boundary conditions and input of optimization;By integrating the weight vector into the state space of reinforcement learning, using the powerful exploration ability of deep reinforcement learning as an efficient search tool, quickly traversing the complex solution space, thus efficiently and globally exploring and obtaining the pareto optimal solution set reflecting the complete trade-off relationship between transmission efficiency and anti-offset performance.The application uses deep reinforcement learning to efficiently explore the design space and obtain a complete set of pareto optimal solutions, allowing for quick selection of optimal coil parameters based on different design preferences, significantly reducing the design cycle, and ensuring that the designed coil achieves the optimal trade-off in physical performance.

The utility model discloses a frame body structure of a cooling fan, which comprises a fan body, the fan body comprises a fan frame body, a fan device arranged in the fan frame body and a water tank arranged at the lower end of the fan frame body, the fan frame body is respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the fan frame body is arranged in a circular shape. The lower end of the fan frame extends to be provided with a connecting part used for being connected with a water tank, the front end and the rear end of the fan frame are provided with an impeller assembly and a dustproof filter plate, an air inlet groove used for arranging the dustproof filter plate is formed in the fan frame along the air inlet, and an air outlet groove used for arranging an impeller is formed in the fan frame along the air outlet. The fan is reasonable in structural design, the fan is tightly and conveniently connected with a water tank through the circular connecting part at the lower end of the fan frame body, water leakage is avoided, the impeller assembly greatly improves impeller rotation stability, noise and collision are reduced, the service life is prolonged, the protective cover is rotationally clamped with the fixing clamping groove through the clamping teeth, installation and disassembly are convenient, and use is convenient. And later maintenance and replacement are facilitated.

The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrahigh-temperature thermal barrier coating preparation. The preparation method of the thermal barrier coating comprises the following steps: firstly, after complete melting of NiCoCrAlYTa powder particles which are heated and accelerated by high velocity oxy-fuel spraying, impacting on the surface of a nickel-based high-temperature alloy matrix subjected to sand blasting and preheating treatment, and depositing to form a compact metal bonding layer with the thickness of 100-150 microns and the porosity of less than 1%; secondly, preparing a ceramic transition layer with the thickness of 40-60 microns from powder formed by mixing nano yttrium oxide stabilized zirconium oxide and rare earth tantalate according to the ratio of 1: 1 through atmospheric plasma spraying; and finally, depositing a layer of ceramic surface layer with the thickness of 180-250 [mu] m on the nano yttrium oxide stabilized zirconium oxide powder by adopting atmospheric plasma spraying. The ceramic transition layer of the thermal barrier coating with the structure improves the mechanical bonding between the metal bonding layer and the ceramic surface layer, reduces the negative influence of the embedding of unmelted particles with a nano structure on an interface bonding part, obviously enhances the bonding strength between the metal bonding layer and the ceramic layer, and further improves the 1400 DEG C flame thermal shock resistance of the coating.

The invention discloses a circuit board and a manufacturing method thereof, the circuit board comprises a first circuit layer, an insulating layer, a second circuit layer, a first conduction part and a conductive part, and the first circuit layer comprises a connecting pad; the insulating layer is located on the surface of the first circuit layer; the second circuit layer is located on the surface of the insulating layer, and a first through hole penetrates through the second circuit layer, the insulating layer and the connecting pad; the first conduction part penetrates through the first through hole, the first conduction part comprises a first part and a second part which are connected with each other, the first part is located in the first through hole, the second part protrudes out of the surface of the connecting pad, and the first conduction part is formed in an electroplating mode; the conductive portion covers the second portion and extends to a portion of the surface of the connection pad. According to the circuit board and the manufacturing method thereof, the second part protrudes out of the surface of the connecting pad, so that the connection reliability of the conduction part and the second part can be improved, the connection stability of an electronic element on the circuit board is further improved, and meanwhile, the size of the connecting pad can be effectively reduced.

The application provides a multi-gear variable bandwidth high-pass filter and a design method thereof. The filter comprises a gear control module, a delay module, a shift operation module and an addition and subtraction operation module. Through coefficient customization design, the multiplication operation of the filter of the first-order high-pass IIR is converted into shift and addition and subtraction operation, and the multiplier is completely removed. When FPGA / ASIC is implemented, the logic unit occupation amount is significantly reduced, the power consumption of the embedded device is greatly reduced, the resource-limited scene is adapted, and the resource consumption is extremely optimized.

The utility model discloses a kind of installation structures for cabinet air conditioner electric heating assembly in the technical field of air conditioning equipment, including shell, upper water pan, evaporator and lower water pan are sequentially arranged in vertical direction in shell, electric heating assembly and evaporator are spaced and parallelly arranged along front-back direction, bracket assembly is arranged in shell, bracket assembly includes support and support beam, along evaporator width direction, support is set in evaporator both sides, support is spaced and arranged with multiple mounting positions along evaporator length direction, support beam is detachably set on mounting position, and position can be switched between multiple mounting positions, installation part is set on any one of upper water pan and lower water pan, electric heating assembly has oppositely arranged first end and second end, electric heating assembly first end is connected with installation part, electric heating assembly second end is connected with support beam. The utility model solves the technical problem that the generality of electric heating assembly of existing installation structure is poor.

The application discloses a kind of convenient car door integrated type steel hinge bolt drop and take out structure, including the side wall outer plate, A column reinforcing plate and A column inner plate being sequentially arranged, there is cavity structure between A column reinforcing plate and A column inner plate, the middle part of cavity structure is provided with limit stopper reinforcing plate, lower end is provided with bolt drop prevention sealing plate, A column inner plate is provided with upper hinge inner installation bolt fixing tool via hole, lower hinge inner installation bolt fixing tool via hole and upper take-out port being arranged between the two, limit stopper reinforcing plate and upper take-out port position are opposite for accommodating dropped upper hinge inner installation bolt, bolt drop prevention sealing plate and lower hinge inner installation bolt fixing tool via hole position are opposite for accommodating dropped lower hinge inner installation bolt and / or upper hinge inner installation bolt.The bolt drop sealing plate structure is designed in the upper and lower hinges respectively in the application, can catch after dropping, not to slide into the deep cavity, while using magnetic tool, convenient to take out.

The present invention proposes a large-scale MIMO array antenna, including at least one MIMO antenna module and an antenna cover, the shapes of the MIMO antenna module and the antenna cover are adapted, the MIMO antenna module includes multiple radiation units, a support frame, a power division network module, a calibration network module and a radio frequency connector, the radiation unit array is arranged on the power division network module, the radiation units are composed of sub-array units in the form of at least two groups, the power division network module and the calibration network module are fixed on the support frame, one end of the power division network module is electrically connected to the sub-array unit, and the other end is electrically connected to one end of the calibration network module, the other end of the calibration network module is electrically connected to the radio frequency connector, and the radio frequency connector is connected to the radio frequency device TR component. The present invention eliminates the reflector in the traditional antenna design, simplifies the structural composition, and reduces the thickness of the antenna.

The utility model relates to the technical field of automobile LOGO lamp, especially a kind of automobile front sign LOGO lamp, including LOGO sign surface cover and bottom plate, LOGO sign surface cover and bottom plate buckle together form enclosed cavity, the cavity is equipped with light-emitting component, LOGO sign surface cover inner surface is coated with transparent primer layer and sputtering plating layer in sequence, and diffusion plate is additionally arranged in the cavity, can when not lighting, sputtering plating layer presents pure electroplating color by reflecting external light, when lighting, the light of light-emitting component can form soft white light after uniform diffusion by diffusion plate, realize the same front sign LOGO lamp in unlighted electroplating color and white light when lighting The double-state stable coexistence of two states and can be switched at any time, improve design flexibility;Moreover, the overall structure design is compact, and the installation space of existing automobile front grille is adapted.

The utility model discloses a quick pretreatment device for organochlorine pesticide pollutants, which comprises an upper cover plate and a vacuum bin, the upper cover plate is connected with a sampling bottle for collecting organochlorine pesticide pollutants through a sample injection control tube, and the vacuum bin is provided with a plurality of groups of liquid collecting tubes right below the sample injection control tube. The upper cover plate is provided with a plurality of groups of clamping grooves used for connecting sample injection control pipes, and fixing pieces used for connecting the sample injection control pipes are arranged in the clamping grooves; a positioning piece matched with the clamping groove is arranged on the periphery of the sample injection control pipe; wherein the positioning piece is used for being matched with the fixing piece through the clamping groove, and the sample injection control pipe is connected with the upper cover plate. According to the utility model, the sample injection control tube can be quickly and reliably connected to the upper cover plate through the clamping groove and the positioning piece, so that the assembly process of the device is simplified, and the operation efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to a brake assembly (1, 1 ', 1' ', 1' '', 1'' '''') for a vehicle, comprising: a brake disc (10, 10 ',..., 10 '''' '''') rotatable about an axis of rotation (R); at least one service brake assembly (30; 30 ', 30' ', 30 '''') comprising at least one service brake lining (32, 32', 32 '', 32'' '') and configured to apply a service braking force on a radial surface side of the brake disc (10, 10 ',..., 10'' '''' '') wherein the at least one service brake lining (32, 32', 32'', 32 '''') is axially movable relative to the axis of rotation (R) and comprises a service brake braking surface facing the radial surface side of the brake disc (10, 10 ',..., 10 '''' '') to apply a service braking force; and at least one parking brake assembly (20; 20 ', 20' ', 20 '''') comprising at least one parking brake lining (22, 22', 22 '', 22'' '',..., 22'' '''') and configured to exert a parking braking force on said or another radial surface side of the brake disc (10, 10 ',..., 10 '''' '''') wherein said at least one parking brake lining (22, 22', 22 '', 22'' '',..., 22'' '''') is axially movable relative to the axis of rotation (R) and comprises a brake pad (22, 22 ', 22 '', 22'' '',..., 22'' '''') facing the brake disc (10, 10',..., 10 '''' ''). The parking brake surface of the at least one parking brake lining (22, 22 ', 22' ', 22' '',..., 22'' '''') is arranged at a radial parking brake lining distance (rPB) relative to the axis of rotation (R), which distance corresponds to the radial parking brake lining distance (rPB) of the at least one service brake lining (32, 32 ', 32' ', 32' ', 32' ', 32' ', 32' ', 32' ') of the at least one service brake lining (32; 32 '''') of the brake surface of the service brake differs in radial service brake lining distances (rSB).