5460 results about "Power electronics" patented technology

The invention discloses a power semiconductor device aging on-line diagnosis method, which relates to the field of power electronics, and comprises the following steps: integrating an intelligent sensor and an aging test circuit, and establishing a multi-physics field coupling simulation model; based on the multi-physics field coupling simulation model, evaluating the aging state of the current device to obtain the health index of the device; based on the multi-dimensional data matrix, constructing an anomaly detection model, and outputting an anomaly detection result; predicting the failure probability and the remaining service life of the semiconductor device according to an abnormal detection result; generating a maintenance suggestion based on the predicted failure probability and remaining useful life of the semiconductor device; according to the method, the maintenance suggestion is generated according to the prediction result, the user is guided to take preventive maintenance measures in time, the accuracy of aging state evaluation is improved, the timeliness of fault early warning is enhanced, and economic losses and technical risks caused by sudden faults are reduced.

The invention discloses a power supply real-time compensation technology and application based on digital signal processing, and relates to the technical field of power electronics, and the power supply real-time compensation technology comprises a split-phase parallel processing architecture: a three-phase independently configured DSP core, each core integration comprises a real-time harmonic detection module, a dynamic sliding window FFT-RT algorithm is adopted, and the window length is adjustable in a set range; the bandwidth of the self-adaptive variable parameter filter can be dynamically adjusted in a set range; the FPGA coprocessor is specially used for PWM generation; an input stage of the harmonic prediction and decomposition module is synchronously acquired by a multi-source sensor; the processing layer comprises an improved VMD decomposition unit and a variational mode decomposition order; the edge prediction network is used for deploying a lightweight LSTM model, embedding a DSP core and predicting a harmonic spectrum in a future short period; and the multi-target dynamic optimization layer is used for setting a dynamic weight distributor and performing real-time adjustment according to the load sudden change rate. According to the invention, through split-phase parallel architecture, harmonic prediction and dynamic optimization, the response speed, multi-target cooperation and reliability improvement in the field of power supply real-time compensation are realized.

The present invention provides an inverter control method, device, computer equipment and storage medium, belonging to the field of power electronics. The method comprises: determining a frequency control equation of the inverter under a grid-connected condition when the inverter is in a VSG control mode; determining a relationship between a virtual electromotive force of a virtual synchronous generator in a reactive state and an output voltage of the inverter; constructing a voltage-current double closed-loop control structure of the inverter under the VSG control mode, and determining a current reference value and a voltage reference value of the virtual synchronous generator under dq axes through the frequency control equation and the relationship; constructing a fuzzy control rule of a virtual damping coefficient and a virtual inertia according to the current reference value and the voltage reference value; and controlling the virtual damping coefficient and the virtual inertia through the fuzzy control rule, thereby improving the stability and performance of the inverter during the grid-connected process, reducing the harmonic disturbance of the power system, and helping to improve the adaptability and reliability of the entire photovoltaic power generation system.

The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a voltage ripple suppression and compensation method for a multi-output AC-DC switching power supply, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the real-time voltage ripple signal of each AC-DC output channel and the working parameters of the switching power supply, and the working parameters comprise the switching frequency, the duty ratio, the inductance and capacitance parameters and the load current; inputting the real-time voltage ripple signal and the working parameters of the switching power supply into a preset coupling interference model, and generating ripple coupling characteristics between AC-DC output channels; determining a ripple suppression compensation coefficient through the ripple coupling characteristics; and based on the ripple suppression compensation coefficient and a preset PWM control signal, adjusting the output voltage of the switching power supply to suppress the ripple, thereby breaking through the limitation of a traditional method on independent processing of a single channel, and fundamentally solving the problem of a ripple suppression blind area caused by cross interference between channels.

The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a photovoltaic off-grid inverter control method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: applying a test signal to identify an output interaction characteristic parameter, predicting the power generation power through combining with weather and attenuation, calculating the power fluctuation, and adjusting a current control parameter set. And calculating voltage and reactive power compensation parameters to generate an inverter control instruction, and combining a temperature load prediction trend to adjust a power allowable value to obtain a predictive power calibration coefficient. According to the invention, by analyzing the output interaction characteristics, enhancing the perception capability of the inverter to the actual operation environment, combining with the prediction of the photovoltaic power generation amount, realizing the prediction and influence evaluation of the power fluctuation, improving the adaptive adjustment capability of the current control parameters, improving the output voltage and reactive power control precision by utilizing the interaction characteristics, and optimizing the electric energy quality; and through thermal management of multi-point temperature and load prediction, the operation safety is improved, the service life of equipment is prolonged, and the operation performance of the photovoltaic off-grid system in a complex environment is improved.

The invention discloses a multi-mode CNN / Transform image defect diagnosis tracking decision-making method, and belongs to the field of power electronic industry detection. According to the method, defect position multi-modal data of different batches, process stages and equipment are collected, after space-time alignment and image enhancement preprocessing and alignment are conducted, features are extracted through position coding, a CNN shallow network and ResNet-18, the features are fused into multi-modal feature vectors in combination with weights, a detection model is obtained through CNN / Transform model training, defect diagnosis and tracking decision making are achieved, and the defect diagnosis and tracking decision making efficiency is improved. The problems of precise detection, positioning, diagnosis tracking and decision-making of internal tiny component changes and structural defects of electronic products and local and overall multi-mode defects of single electric power are solved. The detection accuracy is improved by 20%, the diagnosis accuracy is more than 98.5%, the defect tracking error is less than 5%, the decision-making efficiency is improved by 40%, and the defect prediction capability is improved by 22%.

The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, and discloses a soft switch of a high-frequency switch transformer and a distributed control method and system thereof, and the method comprises the steps: achieving the precise synchronization of nodes through the construction of a ring topology network, combining the monitoring of multiple physical quantities with the collaborative optimization of parameters, dynamically adjusting the parameters of a resonant network and a driving time sequence, and achieving the precise synchronization of the nodes. A zero-voltage switching state is maintained, and electromagnetic interference is suppressed by adopting the composite optimization model; the system comprises a network initialization module, a multi-physical-quantity monitoring module, a space-time synchronization control module, a resonance parameter adjustment module, an electromagnetic optimization decision module, a dynamic adjustment module and a parameter evolution module. The stability of the soft switch is improved through a distributed network and time-space synchronization, and the loss is reduced by adopting a dynamic optimization algorithm; constructing an electromagnetic interference optimization model to enhance compatibility; performing multi-parameter fusion and weight distribution to optimize dynamic response; the reliability is improved through a high-precision protocol and coevolution; and the tensor product framework realizes multi-dimensional intelligent cooperative control.

The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a control method for a low-voltage intelligent reactive compensation system of a submerged arc furnace. Comprising the following steps: acquiring three-phase voltage, current, power factor, harmonic content and temperature parameters of the low-voltage side of the submerged arc furnace through a sensor network; the load fluctuation of the submerged arc furnace in the future 1-5 minutes is predicted based on a deep learning algorithm, and a compensation demand pre-judgment value is generated; according to a load prediction result and a real-time working condition, performing dynamic switching from three modes of fixed compensation, grouped switching and continuous adjustment; harmonic component dynamic tracking compensation is carried out by combining an active power filter (APF) and a static var generator (SVG); the system overvoltage, overcurrent and temperature parameters are monitored in real time, and a grading protection mechanism is triggered and fed back to the compensation strategy adjusting module. The invention provides a control method for a low-voltage intelligent reactive compensation system of a submerged arc furnace so as to improve the response speed of the system, prolong the service life of equipment and guarantee the electric energy quality of a power grid.

The invention discloses an electromagnetic compatibility testing method and an electromagnetic compatibility testing system for an industrial control power supply, which are used for evaluating conducted interference, radiated interference and immunity performance. The system comprises a load module, a signal connection module, an electromagnetic interference measurement module, an immunity test module, a data processing module and a hardware acceleration module. The load module simulates the actual working state of the industrial control power supply through resistive, inductive, capacitive and dynamic loads; the signal connection module adopts high-frequency shielding and grounding optimization design, so that external interference is reduced; the electromagnetic interference measurement module is combined with the frequency domain analysis and time domain response module to capture interference signal characteristics and power supply dynamic output; the data processing module generates an electromagnetic compatibility report through a comprehensive evaluation algorithm; and the hardware acceleration module realizes real-time processing of high-frequency sampling data by utilizing the FPGA. The method is suitable for the electromagnetic compatibility test of the industrial control power supply in the fields of industrial automation, communication equipment and power electronics, and has wide engineering application value.

An integrated electric motor drive. The motor drive having rotatable parts with a drive shaft and a rotor, wherein the drive shaft extends along a rotor axis and the rotor is mechanically coupled to the drive shaft; and static parts having a stator and power electronics for controlling an electric current through the stator. The integrated electric motor drive has a liquid cooling system with a closed liquid cooling circuit and a liquid coolant agitator. The closed liquid cooling circuit is filled with liquid coolant being in thermal contact with the stator and / or the power electronics. The liquid coolant agitator is arranged and configured to circulate the liquid coolant along the closed liquid cooling circuit. The liquid coolant agitator is mounted within the closed liquid cooling circuit to be rotatable about the rotor axis, and the liquid coolant agitator is magnetically coupled to the movable parts.

A testing apparatus includes a tester rack with a plurality of slots where at least one slot in the tester rack is a dedicated slot operable to receive a test interface board (TIB) from a back of the tester rack, where the back of the tester rack is opposite a front of a tester rack, and where the front of the tester rack faces a handler and a front-facing elevator. The apparatus also includes a handler operable to load devices under test (DUTs) onto the TIB and a front-facing elevator move the TIB from the dedicated slot to an available slot in the tester rack, wherein the available slot includes power electronics operable to connect to the TIB to test devices under test (DUT) disposed on the TIB.

A mounting device selectively engageable to a module-level power electronics (MLPE) device includes a body with an aperture, a first arm, and a second arm. The first arm extends from a first side of the body at a first arm angle relative to the body. The second arm extends from a second side of the body at a second arm angle relative to the body. When the aperture receives a fastener able to engage an extension of the MLPE, the first arm makes contact with a first surface of a frame section of a photovoltaic (PV) frame and holds the extension against a second surface of the frame section, securing the PV frame to the extension via the interconnecting mounting device. The first arm may include teeth operable to engage the frame section. The mounting device may include a tab operable to engage the extension.

The invention belongs to the technical field of flexible alternating-current power transmission and distribution and power electronics, and discloses a unified power quality adjusting device and method so as to achieve the purpose of power quality control. The device comprises a direct current bus, a compensation unit and an adjusting unit, the compensation unit comprises a series compensation subunit and a parallel compensation subunit; the series compensation subunit is used for compensating load voltage; the direct-current bus is used for providing compensation energy for the series compensation subunit; the parallel compensation subunit is used for compensating harmonic waves, three-phase imbalance and reactive current of a load, and is also used for providing voltage support for a direct-current bus and providing energy for the series compensation subunit; the adjusting unit comprises a super capacitor energy storage system and a photovoltaic power generation system which are connected in parallel; the super capacitor energy storage system comprises a super capacitor and a first DC / DC converter; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a photovoltaic array and a second DC / DC converter. According to the invention, the coupling problem of series-parallel inverters of the device is solved, so that the voltage of the direct-current side bus is stable.

The invention discloses an intelligent operation and maintenance fault early warning method for a rail transit variable-frequency power supply, and relates to the technical field of power electronics and intelligent operation and maintenance, and the method comprises the following steps: setting a multi-point synchronous collection device to carry out the high-precision real-time collection of voltage and current signals of a variable-frequency power supply system, and carrying out the digital coding processing of data; and performing frequency domain analysis on the acquired voltage and current signals by using a preset spectrum analysis algorithm, and extracting harmonic amplitudes and phase characteristic parameters of different orders. According to the invention, through high-precision synchronous acquisition and spectrum analysis, rapid and accurate identification of harmonic abnormity is realized; a machine learning model and dynamic threshold adjustment are fused, and the adaptability and intelligent recognition capability of the system to fault modes under multiple working conditions are enhanced; and a trend prediction and graphical early warning platform is introduced, so that the fault risk is pre-judged in advance and visually responded, and the operation and maintenance efficiency and the operation safety of the rail transit power supply system are remarkably improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a filter equivalent circuit design simulation system suitable for an energy storage converter, which comprises a main circuit topology unit, a control strategy unit, a parameter optimization and design unit, a simulation engine unit and a performance evaluation unit, wherein the main circuit topology unit is used for building a filter equivalent circuit topology of the energy storage converter and configuring passive element parameters of an inductor, a capacitor and a resistor. According to the method, automatic high-robustness optimization of filter parameters is realized through genetic algorithm-particle swarm hybrid optimization, multi-objective collaborative optimization and digital twinning auxiliary optimization, and a'design-optimization-verification-iteration 'closed loop is formed by combining dynamic working condition evaluation, reliability modeling and artificial intelligence auxiliary analysis, so that the method has the advantages of high robustness and high robustness. The harmonic suppression capability, efficiency and long-term operation reliability of the filter are remarkably improved, the design period is shortened, and the development cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a hybrid modulation strategy for neutral-point voltage balance control and common-mode voltage suppression of a three-level inverter, and belongs to the technical field of power electronics. In order to solve the problems that the neutral-point voltage of a three-level inverter is unbalanced and the common-mode voltage is large under traditional modulation, the invention provides a novel modulation strategy formed by mixing virtual space vector modulation and intermittent modulation, and according to virtual space vector modulation, space vectors with small common-mode voltage are selected to construct virtual small vectors and middle vectors; adjusting the midpoint current through the midpoint voltage control parameter; dPWMA capable of suppressing common-mode voltage is selected for intermittent modulation. According to the hybrid modulation strategy, common-mode voltage suppression can be kept, when the neutral-point voltage is balanced, DPWMA is selected to reduce switching loss, and when the neutral-point voltage is unbalanced, a modulation method which is more effective for recovering balance of the neutral-point voltage is selected to achieve the purpose of faster realization of neutral-point voltage balance.

The invention provides a wide-voltage self-adaptive closed-loop vector swimming pool pump anti-interference method, and relates to the technical field of motor control and power electronics, and the method comprises the steps: collecting three-phase power supply voltage fluctuation characteristic parameters and motor operation state parameters in real time; performing amplitude compensation and phase synchronization correction on the voltage parameter based on the dynamic voltage compensation factor; a closed-loop vector anti-interference control model is constructed, and model parameters are adjusted in real time through a vector immunity coefficient; dynamically correcting control output by adopting a multivariable feedback regulation mechanism; executing an anti-interference instruction and synchronously updating PWM modulation parameters, and verifying a control effect in combination with hardware-in-the-loop simulation; and parameter self-learning optimization is realized through a genetic algorithm. The dynamic anti-interference capability under power grid voltage fluctuation and harmonic interference is improved, intelligent thermal management is realized through a temperature-voltage-current multi-dimensional coupling model, full-life-cycle self-adaptive optimization of the system is guaranteed, and the problems of compensation lag, insufficient harmonic suppression and poor long-term stability are effectively solved.

The invention discloses a CPLD-driven IGBT short-circuit current dynamic monitoring method and system, and relates to the technical field of power electronics, and the method comprises the specific steps of S100 real-time data acquisition, S200 dynamic threshold calculation, S300 short-circuit state judgment, S400 rapid protection execution, and S500 fault data recording and uploading. Accurate and prospective judgment of the short circuit state of the IGBT is achieved, two stress parameters including the direct-current bus voltage and the junction temperature serve as independent variables, when the bus voltage rises, the voltage stress borne by the IGBT in the turn-off period is increased, meanwhile, the current peak at the short circuit moment is more remarkable, early warning is conducted in advance by dynamically lowering the threshold value, and therefore the short circuit state of the IGBT is accurately judged. According to the mechanism, the monitoring system does not simply respond to the occurred overcurrent, but can pre-judge the safety boundary of the device under the current working condition, so that intervention is implemented before the current really reaches a dangerous peak value, and a protection blind area under a severe working condition is effectively avoided.

The invention provides a fault ride-through control method and system for a network-forming converter, and relates to the technical field of power electronics. The fault ride-through control method of the network construction type converter comprises the following steps: determining a real-time virtual impedance value corresponding to a control loop based on a virtual admittance control module; in response to the fact that the real-time virtual impedance value is larger than or equal to the reference virtual impedance value of the control loop, transient current output by the network-building type converter is adjusted based on first-stage current limiting, and steady-state current output by the network-building type converter is adjusted based on second-stage current limiting; calculating an active power proportionality coefficient based on the real-time parameter and the reference parameter; calculating a target active power reference value according to the active power proportionality coefficient and the reference active power reference value; and executing power control based on the target active power reference value, and adjusting the output voltage of the network-forming converter. According to the method, when the power grid breaks down, the grid-forming type converter can have the functions of current limiting and transient synchronization stability improving at the same time.

The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a transient synchronization stability analysis method of a grid-connected system based on a grid-connected converter and a grid-constructed converter connected in parallel with the grid-connected converter and related equipment. According to the invention, through the conservative estimation of the work of the non-integrable interaction term of the grid-connected system with the grid-following converter and the grid-constructing converter connected in parallel, the power angle stability upper boundary of the grid-following converter and the grid-constructing converter is determined; and according to the obtained power angle stability upper boundary, the transient synchronization stability of the grid-connected system of the grid-following converter parallel connection network-constructing converter is judged, and the reliability and stability of the grid-connected system based on the grid-following converter parallel connection network-constructing converter are improved.

The invention discloses a bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier overvoltage protection circuit and a solid-state circuit breaker, and belongs to the technical field of power electronics, the overvoltage protection circuit comprises a bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier, a driving circuit of the bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier and a piezoresistor, the driving circuit comprises a driving resistor and a driving capacitor, and the driving resistor and the driving capacitor are connected in series. The other end of the driving capacitor is connected with the gate pole of the bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier, the other end of the driving resistor is connected with the piezoresistor, and the other end of the piezoresistor is connected with the first power end of the bidirectional silicon controlled rectifier. According to the scheme, low-cost, small-size, low-clamp-voltage and low-bus-voltage-difference overvoltage protection can be realized for the solid-state circuit breaker.

The invention provides an electric energy quality compensation method and system based on power electronics, and relates to the technical field of power grid dispatching, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the voltage, current, harmonic content, reactive power, three-phase unbalance degree and other real-time multi-mode data of a power grid, and extracting key frequency spectrum features through wavelet transform denoising and windowing interpolation Fourier transform; and constructing a power quality feature vector. A self-adaptive fuzzy logic algorithm and power grid operation parameters are combined, a threshold value of a power quality index is dynamically adjusted, a multi-stage optimization strategy is divided based on the number of standard-exceeding indexes and importance analysis, and a dynamic compensation priority and a compensation strategy are generated. An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is introduced, an inertia weight is dynamically adjusted, a constraint penalty function is introduced, output parameters of a power electronic compensation device are optimized, and effective compensation of power quality is realized by taking minimization of total active loss as a target.

The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics and energy management. The invention provides an AC / DC power supply system monitoring device and method. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a historical data set; preprocessing the historical data set to obtain a preprocessed data set; based on the preprocessed data set and a machine learning algorithm, constructing a system monitoring model, and presetting a voltage anomaly judgment threshold value of the system monitoring model; acquiring real-time power data of the AC / DC power supply system and real-time operation state and load change data of the power grid, inputting the data into the system monitoring model, and identifying the mode, trend and potential abnormity of voltage fluctuation of the AC / DC power supply system; and dynamically adjusting a preset voltage abnormity judgment threshold value, and giving a corresponding AC / DC power supply system adjustment strategy and early warning information. The problems that in the prior art, an alternating-current and direct-current power supply system monitoring method is low in efficiency, frequent in false alarm and missing alarm conditions, difficult to adapt to a complex and changeable power grid environment and lack of intelligent analysis and early warning functions are solved.

The invention discloses an accurate zero crossing point control method for a built-in relay of a large-current electric energy meter, which relates to the technical field of power electronics and intelligent metering and comprises the following steps of: receiving a power grid voltage digital signal, determining a voltage zero crossing point by comparing symbol changes of adjacent sampling values, establishing a phase corresponding relation between voltage and current, and calculating a current phase corresponding relation; generating current zero crossing point prediction data; when a relay switching instruction is received, the specific moment of the next current zero crossing point is calculated, and the control signal sending moment is determined; a relay driving control signal is sent, the actual action completion moment of the relay is collected, the deviation from the expected zero crossing moment is calculated, and the mechanical action delay time parameter of the relay is corrected. By predicting the current zero-crossing time and considering the mechanical action delay characteristic of the relay, accurate switching of the built-in relay at the actual current zero-crossing point is achieved, meanwhile, the self-adaptive adjusting capacity is achieved, the arc energy during large-current switching is reduced, the service life of the relay is prolonged, and the reliability of the electric energy meter is improved.

The invention discloses a dynamic on-resistance test circuit based on a gallium nitride transistor and a test method thereof. Belongs to the technical field of power electronics. The circuit comprises a DPT test circuit, a switch state switching circuit and a clamping circuit, the test method comprises the following steps: monitoring the voltage between test points on the clamping circuit and the current on the coaxial resistor to obtain the on resistance of the to-be-tested tube; the switching between the hard switching test and the soft switching test is realized by changing the switch interface. According to the invention, a gallium nitride transistor and a clamping circuit are introduced into a traditional double-pulse test circuit, and a dynamic on-resistance test function in a soft switching mode and a hard switching mode is integrated. Compared with a traditional testing circuit, the clamping circuit can capture the dynamic on-resistance within nanosecond time delay, meanwhile, the peak of the clamping voltage is greatly reduced, the testing precision is improved, and rapid and accurate measurement of the dynamic on-resistance is achieved.

A method for powering at least one Power Electronics Controller included in a first EV. The method including step of:i) supplying electrical energy from a Powered Watercraft EV's battery pack to the first EV's at least one Power Electronics Controller.

A two-phase cold plate that includes a manifold body having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet each fluidly coupled to a fluid pathway housed within the manifold body and a vaporization structure housed within the manifold body such that the fluid pathway is disposed over the vaporization structure. The vaporization structure includes a cavity cover, a porous surface, a vapor cavity disposed between the cavity cover and the porous surface, and one or more porous feeding posts extending between the cavity cover and the porous surface. The one or more porous feeding posts fluidly coupled the fluid pathway with the porous surface of the vaporization structure and the porous surface includes a plurality of nucleation sites configured to induce vaporization of a cooling fluid and facilitate vapor flow into the vapor cavity of the vaporization structure.

The invention relates to a power electronics and energy storage technology, and aims to provide a medium-voltage uninterruptible power supply system based on cascade super-capacitance energy storage and a control method. According to the system, a cascade super-capacitance energy storage module with a three-phase structure is connected between an isolation reactor and a load side switch through a filter reactor and is used for stabilizing the voltage of a load bus; according to the invention, operations of adaptive power reference calculation, voltage phase control and voltage amplitude stable control are carried out; according to the method, the over-capacitance wide voltage operation characteristic is fully considered, and the control on the over-capacitance charging and discharging process is adaptively adjusted according to the power grid fault state and the over-capacitance voltage deviation, so that the system can provide the required power support when the fault occurs, stable energy supplementation is performed after recovery, the risks of over-capacitance voltage out-of-limit and the like are favorably avoided, and the system reliability is improved. And the effectiveness of energy management and the stability of the system are improved. And during a power grid fault period, the load voltage is recovered to be close to a rated value in a short time, voltage drop and overshoot are reduced, and the response speed and the voltage supporting capability of the system are enhanced.

A thermal management system defines a thermal management system flowpath to provide a flow of a fluid to an electric machine and a power electronics assembly electrically connected to the electric machine. The thermal management system includes a first heat exchanger thermally connected to the thermal management system flowpath and to the electric machine, and a second heat exchanger thermally connected to the thermal management system flowpath downstream of the first heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger is thermally connected to the power electronics assembly.

A containment system for a rechargeable energy storage device (RESS) is described includes an enclosure having a first compartment adjoining a second compartment. The first compartment is arranged to house a plurality of power electronics devices, and the second compartment is arranged to house a plurality of battery cells. The second compartment includes a tub that defines a bottom portion, and a floor plate. The tub includes opposed end walls and opposed sidewalls. A top plate is arranged overtop of the first compartment and the second compartment. A first one of the end walls and the top plate define a first slot between the first compartment and the second compartment. A first removable panel is arranged to enclose the first compartment. The plurality of battery cells connect to the plurality of power electronics devices via a high-voltage DC power bus that is arranged to pass through the first slot.