3212 results about "Cooling rate" patented technology

Heater module, and semiconductor manufacturing equipment in which the heater module is utilized, for raising the cooling speed of a post-heating heater markedly more than conventional, and that can contribute toward bettering and improving productivity, without accompanying scaling-up of and cost increases in the semiconductor manufacturing equipment. The heater module is furnished with heater part 1a for controlled heating of a wafer placed on its top face, and block part 3a provided to be shiftable relative to said heater part, for varying heat capacity in total with heater part 1a by abutting on or separating from the reverse surface of heater part 1a. By having the heat capacity of block part 3a be 20% or more of the total heat capacity of heater part 1a and block part 3a, the heater cooling speed can be made 10° C./min or more.

A method for forming an optical fiber includes drawing the optical fiber from a glass supply and treating the fiber by maintaining the optical fiber within a treatment temperature range for a treatment time. Preferably also, the fiber is cooled at a specified cooling rate. The optical fiber treatment reduces the tendency of the optical fiber to increase in attenuation due to Rayleigh scattering, and/or over time following formation of the optical fiber due to heat aging. Apparatus are also provided.

The invention provides an air conditioner as well as a control method and device thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring an indoor temperature/humidity, an outdoor temperature/humidity and user parameters; calculating an initial heat load or initial cold load according to the indoor temperature/humidity, the outdoor temperature/humidity and the user parameters; calculating the output capacity of the air conditioner according to the initial heat load or initial cold load and a preset cooling rate or heating rate; and determining the frequency of a compressor according to the output capacity of the air conditioner. Through the invention, the air conditioner can run with a frequency generated when the running efficiency of the air conditioner is the optimum efficiency, thereby reducing the power consumption.

The invention provides a super-strength steel plate comprising the following constituents (by weight percent): C 0.08-0.18%, Si<=0.6%, Mn 0.5-2.0%, Al <=0.018%, N<=0.008%, B<=0.0025%, Ca 0-0.006%, P<=0.015%, S<=0.005%, Ni <=1.0%, Cr<=0.8%, Cu<=0.5%, Mo<=0.6%, Ti 0.01-0.03%, V<=0.1%, Nb 0.01-0.1%, balancing Fe and unavoidable foreign substance. The invention also provides the preparing process.

An easily cutted lead-free brass alloy is prepared from Cu (60-62 wt.%), Bi (0.5-2.2), Al (0.01-0.1), Sn (0.5-1.6), P (0.04-0.15) and Zn (rest) through heat treating at 460-600 deg.C for 30 min-4 hr, and slow cooling at speed lower than 70 deg.C/hr.

The invention discloses active powder concrete which is prepared by Portland cement, steel slag powder, fly ash, silicon ash, effective water reducing agent, river sand, mixing water and steel fiber with the mass ratios of 0.52 to 0.58 : 0.16 to 0.18 : 0.10 to 0.16 : 0.13 to 0.16 : 0.012 to 0.018 : 0.9 to 1.1 : 0.14 to 0.18 : 0.156 to 0.234. The preparation method thereof is as follows: each component is sequentially added into a stirring machine for being uniformly stirred and shaped; then after the components are maintained, the temperature is raised to 80 to 90 DEG C at the temperature rising speed of 15 to 20 DEG C/h and then constant temperature maintaining is carried out for 72 to 96h; then, the components are cooled to room temperature at the cooling speed of not more than 20 DEG C/h to obtain the active powder concrete product. The invention employs the industrial wastes like steel slag powder and fly ash to replace quartz powder, partial cement and silicon ash, and employs thin river sand to replace quartz sand to prepare the active powder concrete of 200 grade under the maintaining conditions of normal pressure below 100 DEG C, thus not only being capable of remarkably reducing the material cost and the shaping maintaining cost, but also playing important roles on saving resources and energies, protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development as a large amount of industrial waste slag is used.

The invention relates to a low-alloyed and high-strength Q and amp of a C-Mn-Al system; P steel; and a manufacturing method thereof, which belong to the technical field of metal materials. The method comprises the following processing steps of: (1) smelting and cast blocking: the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 0.16 percent to 0.25 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.40 percent of Si, 1.20 percent to 1.60 percent of Mn, 1.0 percent to 1.5 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of S and the balance of ferrite. (2) rolling: after the multi-pass hot-rolling of rough rolling and finish rolling, wherein, the deformation of roughing pass is 10 percent to 30 percent, the total deformation of the finish rolling is more than 60 percent, a hot rolled plate is subjected to multi-pass cold rolling, the deformation is 5 percent to 50 percent, and the plate is rolled to be a thin plate with the thickness being 0.6 to 2.0mm. (3) heat treating: firstly, austenitizing of 850 to 930 DEG C is carried out in a heating furnace, temperature is kept for 100 to 200 seconds and then rapid quenching is carried out to reach 230 to 250 DEG C, the temperature is kept for 20 to 40 seconds, after that the temperature is kept in 300 to 400 DEG C for 120 to 3600 seconds, at last fast cooling is carried out to room temperature (the speed of the cooling is not less than 10 DEG C/s). The Q and amp and the P steel have economic components, good quality of the surface, high strength and good shaping resistance. The strength and ductility product can reach over 37000MPa question mark percent.

A method of producing a gear from a metallurgical powder includes molding at least a portion of the powder to provide a gear preform. The gear preform is sintered and hot formed, and subsequently may be carburized. The gear preform is resintered and cooled at a cooling rate suitable to provide a bainitic microstructure in at least a surface region of the preform. The gear teeth of the preform may be shaved to, for example, adjust dimensions, and enhance dimensional uniformity.

A method for providing an estimate of brake pad thickness. The method employs fusion of sensors, if used, and driver brake modeling to predict the vehicle brake pad life. An algorithm is employed that uses various inputs, such as brake pad friction material properties, brake pad cooling rate, brake temperature, vehicle mass, road grade, weight distribution, brake pressure, brake energy, braking power, etc. to provide the estimation. The method calculates brake work using total work minus losses, such as aerodynamic drag resistance, engine braking and/or braking power as braking torque times velocity divided by rolling resistance to determine the brake rotor and lining temperature. The method then uses the brake temperature to determine the brake pad wear, where the wear is accumulated for each braking event. A brake pad sensor can be included to provide one or more indications of brake pad thickness from which the estimation can be revised.

The invention discloses a hyper-thick non-modified plastic die steel, which comprises the following parts: 0.20-0.32% C , 0.20-0.80% Si , 1.80-2.50% Mn, 0.80-1.50% Cr, 0.20-0.60% Mo, 0.08-0.20% V, 0.0010-0.0030% B, 0.02-0.06% Ti , not more than 0.035% P, not more than 0.035% S, ferric and inevitable impurity, wherein the structure condition is bainite. The invention ensures the hardness HRC30-36 of bainite structure and pre-hardening plastic die steel, which controls the cooling speed after forging with thickness over 300mm.

The present invention discloses one kind of thick steel plate with great line energy and low welding crack sensitivity and its production process. The chemical composition includes C 0.06-0.10 wt%, Si 0.15-0.40 wt%, Mn 1.20-1.60 wt%, P not more than 0.015 wt%, S not more than 0.007 wt%, Ni 0.15-0.40 wt%, Cr not more than 0.30 wt%, Mo 0.15-0.30 wt%, V 0.02-0.06 wt%, Al 0.015-0.045 wt%, Ti 0.010-0.034 wt%, except Fe and inevitable impurities; and meets Pcm not higher than 0.20 %. The production process includes pre-treatment of molten iron, smelting in converter, LF furnace plus VD furnace vacuum treatment, two stage controlled rolling, on-line laminar flow cooling, tempering at 600-680 deg.c and other steps. The produced steel plate has no need of quenching and tempering treatment.

The invention belongs to the metallurgy technical field and in particular relates to an intermediate blank cooling system and cooling control technology. The intermediate blank cooling system is characterized in that an aerial fog cooling device body is arranged between a rough mill and a finishing mill. The aerial fog cooling device body is composed of an upper cooling header and a lower coolingheader, and an aerial fog nozzle and a compression air pipe are arranged on the cooling water pipe of the upper cooling header and the lower cooling header; and the on/off control valve and flow control valve of the cooling water pipe and the compression air pipe are connected with a control valve station. The intermediate blank aerial fog cooling technology is controlled by the aerial fog controltechnology sprayed on the cooling header arranged near roller ways at the front and rear of the mills. The invention has fast cooling speed without changing metal performance, water yield regulatingrange is wide and the water yield can be regulated continuously, the cooling speed of the intermediate blank can be precisely controlled, and the invention can be widely applicable to middle and thickplate production line.

The invention provides a frequency converting control method for a refrigerator. The method includes that (1) whether the refrigerator meets a refrigeration condition or not is determined after defrosting of the refrigerator is finished; (2) if the refrigerator meets the refrigeration condition, an environment temperature and a setting temperature are detected, and a preset revolution meter is inquired so as to control the operation of a compressor at a corresponding maximum revolution speed until the refrigeration is completed; (3) when the refrigerator meets the refrigeration condition again, the operation of the compressor is controlled at a corresponding minimum revolution speed; (4) whether the compartment temperature of the refrigerator decreases to a preset temperature or not after preset time is determined; (5) if the compartment temperature of the refrigerator does not decrease to the preset temperature, the revolving speed of the compressor is increased by one level, and the step (4) is returned; and (6) if the compartment temperature of the refrigerator decreases to the preset temperature, the compressor is controlled to continue operating until the refrigeration is finished. According to the frequency converting control method for the refrigerator, the revolving speed of the compressor is continuously adjusted according to the environment temperature, interior temperatures of compartments and the like, so that the frequency conversion is achieved, the cooling speed of the refrigerator is improved, waste of cooling capacity of the compressor is reduced, and the energy consumption is lowered.

The invention discloses a high-intensity non-quenching and tempering easy-cutting steel used for a vehicle connection rod and a technical method thereof. The invention starts from the principle of improving the intensity of the non-quenching and tempering easy-cutting steel and leads the anti-tension intensity of the non-quenching and tempering easy-cutting steel containing 0.30 to 0.40 percent of carbon to be 1000MPa and the yield strength to be 750MPa by adjusting the components. The technical scheme of the invention is: the high-intensity non-quenching and tempering easy-cutting steel used for a vehicle connection rod consists of the elements of C, Si, Mn, Al, P, S, Cr, V, N and Fe; the weight percentages of the component elements are: 0.30 to 0.4 percent of C, 0. 50 to 0.70 percent of Si, 0.80 to 1.20 percent of Mn, equal to or less than 0.040 percent of P, 0.030 to 0.060 percent of S, 0.010 to 0.040 percent of Al, 0.10 to 0.40 percent of Cr, 0.10 to 0.30 percent of V, 010 to 0.015 percent of N and the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities. The heating temperature of a continuous casting blank is 1200 DEG C; the heating time is 160min; the start rolling temperature is 1100 DEG C; the final rolling temperature is 900 DEG C; the pressing volume is 16; the cooling speed after rolling is 40 DEG C/min; after bundling, the components are thrown in a pit and slowly cooled.

The present invention provides a strip steel laminar flow cooling device which has two cooling zones and has strong cooling function and its controlled cooling method. Said device is formed from cooling zone consisting of upper laminar flow manifold and lower jet manifold, and said cooling zone includes two portions of main cooling section and fine cooling section which are formed from several upper laminar flow manifold groups and correspondent number of lower jet manifold groups. Its controlled cooling method is implemented by using computer to make setting computation, feedback computation and feedforward computation.

The invention provides a bainite/martensite steel rail and a manufacturing method thereof. The steel rail is formed by performing steel hot rolling on the following components in percentage by weight: 0.10 to 0.40 percent of C, 0.80 to 2.00 percent of Si, 1.20 to 2.40 percent of Mn, 0.50 to 1.20 percent of Cr, 0.20 to 0.60 percent of Mo, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The steel rail comprises a rail head, a rail waist and a rail bottom, wherein the rail head is subjected to accelerated cooling at a cooling speed of higher than 1 DEG C/s and lower than and equal to 5 DEG C/s to an accelerated cooling stop temperature of lower than 300 DEG C and higher than 200 DEG C.

The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a HB500 grade low-manganese wear-resistant steel plate. The manufacturing method comprises the specific steps as follows: continuous casting billets meeting the requirements are selected; the rolling process is conducted: the heating temperature is 1100 to 1200 DEG C, the rolling is conducted at a crystallization region and an austenite non-recrystallization region by adopting austenite, the final rolling temperature is 1000 to 1050 DEG C, and the billets are roughly rolled into intermediate billets of 1.7 to 2.0 times the thickness; the finish rolling starting temperature is 850 to 920 DEG C, a laminar cooling manner is adopted, the final cooling temperature is 600 to 700 DEG C, and the cooling rate is 10 to 20 DEG C/S; the quenching process is conducted: the steel plate heating temperature is 860 to 940 DEG C, the heat preservation time is 10 to 30min, and the billets are cooled to a normal temperature at a cooling speed of 40 DEG C/S; and the tempering process is conducted: the quenching steel plate heating temperature is 150 to 300 DEG C, the billets are loaded to a cooling bed to be air-cooled after the heat of the billets is preserved for 1 to 3 hours, and then the HB500 grade low-manganese wear-resistant steel plate is obtained. The HB500 grade low-manganese wear-resistant steel plate has the advantages of high hardness, high strength and high toughness, and is suitable for being used in bulldozers, loaders, excavators, dump trucks and various mining machines.

Systems and methods in accordance with embodiments of the invention implement layers of metallic glass-based materials. In one embodiment, a method of fabricating a layer of metallic glass includes: applying a coating layer of liquid phase metallic glass to an object, the coating layer being applied in a sufficient quantity such that the surface tension of the liquid phase metallic glass causes the coating layer to have a smooth surface; where the metallic glass has a critical cooling rate less than 1000 K/s; and cooling the coating layer of liquid phase metallic glass to form a layer of solid phase metallic glass.

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing metal molds used for casting manganese steel crushing walls or rolling motor walls of cone crushers. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) manufacturing cast molds according to different sizes, specifications and models of the manganese steel crushing walls or the rolling motor walls of the cone crushers; (2) respectively designing and manufacturing near inner metal molds and near outer metal molds which have corresponding thicknesses and overall structures according to the shapes of the cast molds; and (3) distributing trumpet-shaped vent holes on the near inner metal molds and the near outer metal molds. Castings produced by using the method do not produce fragmentation; the metal molds can accelerate the cooling speed of the castings so that the surfaces of the castings have fine grain structures; and the mold cavities have the characteristics of high size precision, bright and clean surface and no distortion.

The invention discloses weathering steel, which comprises the following chemical compositions in percentage by weight: 0.06 to 0.12 percent of C, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Si, less than or equal to 1.6 percent of Mn, 0.08 to 0.22 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of S, 0.01 to 0.06 percent of Al, 0.20 to 0.80 percent of Cu, 0.40 to 0.75 percent of Cr, 0.12 to 0.40 percent of Ni, 0.001 to 0.006 percent of Ca and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements. The weathering steel is manufactured by a thin strip continuous casting process. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps of: performing deep desulfurization on molten steel, performing composite blowing on the top and bottom of a converter, performing RH vacuum circular degassing process, and simultaneously performing calcium treatment; performing twin-roll continuous casting, and making the temperature of the molten steel in a molten bath not lower than 1,535DEG C; controlling rolling in the reduction ratio of not less than 30 percent; controlling cooling at the speed 30 to 50 DEG C/s; and coiling at the temperature of between 600 and 650 DEG C. The weathering steel of which the texture is acicular ferrite has good weatherability and can be widely applied to structural materials.

The present invention provides a three-section cooling process by laminar flow for hot-rolled steel strip. Said process adopts the computer laminar flow cooling control, and is characterized by that the steel strip can be divided into three sections for cooling, first section is head portion section whose length is 30 m, second section is intermediate section of the steel strip, and third section is the tail portion section whose length is 20 m, and the cooling temperatures of said three sections are respectively controlled in that its intermediate section temp. is equal to the objective coiling temp., its head portion section temp. is 20-50 deg.C higher than that of objective coiling section, and its tail portion section temp. is 20-40 deg.C higher than objective coiling temp. Said invention can improve the performance uniformity of steel strip.