10805 results about "Heat treating" patented technology

Provided are a thin film transistor (TFT) including a selectively crystallized channel layer, and a method of manufacturing the TFT. The TFT includes a gate, the channel layer, a source, and a drain. The channel layer is formed of an oxide semiconductor, and at least a portion of the channel layer contacting the source and the drain is crystallized. In the method of manufacturing the TFT, the channel layer is formed of an oxide semiconductor, and a metal component is injected into the channel layer so as to crystallize at least a portion of the channel layer contacting the source and the drain. The metal component can be injected into the channel layer by depositing and heat-treating a metal layer or by ion-implantation.

Composite materials formed from biocompatible polymer fibers and biodegradable polymers are disclosed. The heat treatment conditions for the reinforcing fibers are described so that the mechanical properties of the fibers can be retained during composite consolidation process. The processing conditions and set-ups to consolidations are constrained to the temperatures lower than fiber heat treatment temperatures. The reinforcing fibers are restrained under tension so that the minimum relaxation occurs during consolidation process.

[Problems] To prevent both slips caused by damage from projections, and slips caused by adhesive force occurring due to excessive smoothing.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The heat treating apparatus includes a processing chamber for heat treating wafers and a boat for supporting the wafers in the processing chamber. The boat further includes a wafer holder in contact with the wafer and a main body for supporting the wafer holder. The wafer holder diameter is 63 to 73 percent of the wafer diameter, and the surface roughness Ra of the portion of the wafer holder in contact with the wafer is set from 1 μm to 1,000 μm. The wafer can be supported so that the amount of wafer displacement is minimal and both slips due to damage from projections on the wafer holder surface, and slips due to the adhesive force occurring because of excessive smoothing can be prevented in that state.

An economical method of preparing a large-sized graphene sheet having a desired thickness includes forming a film, the film comprising a graphitizing catalyst; heat-treating a gaseous carbon source in the presence of the graphitizing catalyst to form graphene; and cooling the graphene to form a graphene sheet. A graphene sheet prepared according to the disclosed method is also described.

Oppositely of a temperature measuring surface of an object-to-be-measured 16, a reflecting member 28 is disposed while being spaced by a reflection gap 35 from the temperature measuring surface. The reflecting member 28 is composed of a heat ray reflecting material capable of reflecting heat ray in a specific wavelength band, in a portion including a reflection surface 35a. A heat ray extraction pathway section 30 is disposed through the reflecting member 28 so that one end thereof faces the temperature measuring surface. Heat ray extracted through the heat ray extraction pathway section from the reflection gap is detected by a temperature detection section 34. The heat ray reflecting material is configured in a form of a stack comprising a plurality of element reflecting layers composed of a material having transparent properties to the heat ray, in which every adjacent two element reflecting layers are composed of a combination of materials having refractive indices which differ from each other by 1.1 or more. This makes the measurement be hardly affected by radiation ratio of the object-to-be-measured when temperature of the object-to-be-measured is measured by a radiation thermometer, enables to measure its temperature more correctly irrespective of the surface state thereof, and can simplify configuration of a measurement system.

The present invention provides method and apparatus for treating tissue in a region at depth by applying optical radiation thereto of a wavelength able to reach the depth of the region and of a selected relatively low power for a duration sufficient for the radiation to effect the desired treatment while concurrently cooling tissue above the selected region to protect such tissue. Treatment may be enhanced by applying mechanical, acoustic or electrical stimulation to the region.

Concentration of metal element which promotes crystallization of silicon and which exists within a crystalline silicon film obtained by utilizing the metal element is reduced. A first heat treatment for crystallization is performed after introducing nickel to an amorphous silicon film 103. Then, laser light is irradiated to diffuse nickel element which is concentrated locally. After that, another heat treatment is performed within an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature higher than that of the previous heat treatment. At this time, HCl or the like is added to the atmosphere. A thermal oxide film 106 is formed in this step. At this time, gettering of the nickel element into the thermal oxide film 106 takes place. Then, the thermal oxide film 106 is removed. Thereby, a crystalline silicon film 107 having low concentration of the metal element and a high crystallinity can be obtained.

Deposition of metal in a preferred shape, including coatings on parts, or stand-alone materials, and subsequent heat treatment to provide improved mechanical properties. In particular, the method gives products with relatively high yield strength. The products often have relatively high elastic modulus, and are thermally stable, maintaining the high yield strength at temperatures considerably above 25 DEG C. This technique involves depositing a material in the presence of a selected additive, and then subjecting the deposited material to a moderate heat treatment. This moderate heat treatment differs from other commonly employed "stress relief" heat treatments in using lower temperatures and/or shorter times, preferably just enough to reorganize the material to the new, desired form. Coating a shape and heat treating provides a shaped deposit with improved material properties. Coating a shape with a portion connected to a base and a portion detached therefrom can provide a resilient, conductive contact useful for electronic applications.

Vascular treatment and methods include a plurality of self-expanding bulbs and a hypotube including interspersed patterns of longitudinally spaced rows of kerfs. Joints between woven structures and hypotubes include solder. Woven structures include patterns of radiopaque filaments measurable under x-ray. Structures are heat treated to include at least shapes at different temperatures. A catheter includes a hypotube including interspersed patterns of longitudinally spaced rows of kerfs. Heat treating systems include a detachable flange. Laser cutting systems include a fluid flow system.

The invention relates to a process of preparing inorganic cementing material. It comprises following steps: mixing industrial slag, silicon-containing material, lime, plaster, addictive and water according to a certain proportion; pressing mixed material or compressing it into briquetting, maintaining naturally for thorough reaction, heat treating for activation under 450-850 Deg. C, adding addictive and grinding until sifting leaves is less than 15% with screen of 80 um, and getting inorganic cementing material, which is used as special cement or expansive agent. The invention is characterized by good physical property, stable volume, long durability and workability, low energy consumption and cost and environmental friendly.

Devices and methods for treating a damaged intervertebral disc to reduce or eliminate associated back pain. The present invention provides disc reinforcement therapy (DRT) which involves implanting one or more reinforcement members in and preferably around the annulus of the disc. The reinforcement members may be used to stabilize the annulus and/or compresses a portion of the annulus so as to reduce a bulge and/or close a fissure. The implantable devices and associated delivery tools may incorporate heating capabilities to thermally treat the annular tissue. Alternatively or in combination, other devices may be specifically employed for such thermal treatment.

In a convective system that includes a blower to thermally treat and pressurize air, a convective device to receive and convect the thermally-treated pressurized air, and an air hose to conduct a flow of thermally-treated pressurized air from the blower to an inlet port in the convective device, an interface device is provided to control the flow of air at the interface where the inlet port and an end of the air hose operate to conduct the flow of air out of the air hose into the convective device. The interface device is received at the end of the air hose and operates to support the flow of air out of the end when the end and the inlet port are brought together. The interface device operates to stop, inhibit, or restrict the flow of air out of the end when the end and the inlet port are separated.

A minimally-invasive fluid-cooled insertion sleeve assembly, with an attached balloon and distally-located penetrating tip, into which sleeve any of a group comprising a rigid rod, a microwave-radiator assembly and an ultrasonic-imaging transducer assembly may be inserted, constitutes a probe of the system. The sleeve assembly comprises spaced inner and outer plastic tubes with two fluid channels situated within the coaxial lumen between the inner and outer tubes. The fluid coolant input flows through the fluid channels into the balloon, thereby inflating the balloon, and then exits through that coaxial lumen. An alternative embodiment has no balloon. The method employs the probe for piercing sub-cutaneous tissue and then ablating deep-seated tumor tissue with microwave-radiation generated heat.

The invention describes a system and method for revitalizing aging skin using electromagnetic energy that is delivered using a plurality of needles that are capable of penetrating the skin to desired depths. A particular aspect of the invention is the capability to spare zones of tissue from thermal exposure. This sparing of tissue allows new tissue to be regenerated while the heat treatment can shrink the collagen and tighten the underlying structures. Additionally, the system is capable of delivering therapeutically beneficial substances either through the penetrating needles or through channels that have been created by the penetration of the needles.

A pasteurization or sterilization process reduces fouling of a food or beverage composition containing protein during the heat treatment. An antifouling agent is added to the food or beverage composition that is selected from hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) with a hydroxypropyl molar substitution of greater than 3.0 and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) as measured by SEC of greater than 350,000 Dalton, methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC) with a methoxyl content of greater than 17% and a hydroxypropyl content of greater than 3%, methylcellulose (MC) with a methoxyl content greater than 17% and a viscosity in water at ambient temperatures and a concentration of 2% of greater than 1,000 cps, or mixtures thereof, This food or beverage composition is then heated in a first heat exchanger at a temperature between 50 and 100° C. for a time of from about 2 seconds to 30 minutes for pasteurization or it is further heated to sterilization temperatures before being packaged out or further processed. The improvements of this process is that the heat exchangers are fouled at least 10% by weight less or run-time increased at least 10% as compared to when heat-treating a similar food or beverage composition without the antifouling agent.

A method is provided for producing ammonia (NH₃) and introducing the produced ammonia (NH₃) into an exhaust gas stream as a reduction means for selectively catalytically reducing nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas stream, which is an exhaust stream generated by the combustion process of a motor, a gas turbine, or a burner. The method comprises feeding dry urea from a supply container in a controlled amount to reactor and subjecting the dry urea in the reactor to a sufficiently rapid thermal treatment such that a gas mixture comprising the reaction products of ammonia (NH₃) and isocyanic acid (HCNO) is created. Also, the method comprises immediately catalytically treating the thus produced gas mixture in the presence of water such that the isocyanic acid (HCNO) resulting from the rapid thermal treatment is converted, via quantitative hydrolysis treatment, into ammonia (NH₃) and carbon dioxide (CO₂).

This invention discloses materials for positive electrodes of secondary batteries and their methods of fabrication. Said materials comprise of granules of an active material for positive electrodes coated with an oxide layer. The active material is one or more of the following: oxides of lithium cobalt, oxides of lithium nickel cobalt, oxides of lithium nickel cobalt manganese, oxides of lithium manganese, LiCoO₂, LiNi_1-xCo_xO₂, LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂, and LiMn₂O₄. The non-oxygen component in the oxide layer is one or more of the following: aluminum, magnesium, zinc, calcium, barium, strontium, lanthanum, cerium, vanadium, titanium, tin, silicon, boron, Al, Mg, Zn, Ca, Ba, Sr, La, Ce, V, Ti, Sn, Si, and B. Said non-oxygen component of the granules is between 0.01 wt. % to 10 wt. % of said granules of active material. The methods of fabrication for said materials includes the steps of mixing an additive and an active material for positive electrodes uniformly in water or solvent, evaporating said solvent or water, and heat treating the remaining mixture at 300° C. to 900° C. for between 1 hour to 20 hours. The additive is a compound of one or more of the following elements: aluminum, magnesium, zinc, calcium, barium, strontium, lanthanum, cerium, vanadium, titanium, tin, silicon, boron, Al, Mg, Zn, Ca, Ba, Sr, La, Ce, V, Ti, Sn, Si, and B where the element is between 0.01 wt. % to 10 wt. % of said active material. Using the materials of positive electrodes disclosed above or materials for positive electrodes fabricated in the methods disclosed above in batteries produces batteries with excellent cycling and high temperature properties.

This invention discloses systems and methods for conversion of high moisture waste materials to dry or low moisture products for recycle or reuse. The equipment systems comprise a gas turbine generator unit (preferred heat source), a dryer vessel and a processing unit, wherein the connection between the gas turbine and the dryer vessel directs substantially all the gas turbine exhaust into the dryer vessel and substantially precludes the introduction of air into the dryer vessel and wherein the processing unit forms the dried material from the dryer vessel into granules, pellets or other desired form for the final product. Optionally, the systems and methods further provide for processing ventilation air from manufacturing facilities to reduce emissions therefrom.

This invention discloses the method for preparing high-density spherical lithium ferric phosphate used as the positive material of lithium ion cell, which contains synthesizing the ferric iron salt aqueous solution, phosphorus source aqueous solution and alkali aqueous solution to form spherical or spheroid ferric phosphate precursor, uniformly mixed with lithium source, carbon source and doped metal compound after being washed and dried, high temperature heat treating at 600-900 degree centigrade for 8-48 hr under inertia or reducing atmosphere protection to obtain lithium ferric phosphate with mean grain size of 7-12 micrometer,2.0-2.2g/cm3 of tap density, high buck density of 140-155mAh/g first discharge ratio capacity at normal temperature, and high volume ratio capacity.

A method for repairing a titanium alloy surface of a turbine component includes the step of cold gas-dynamic spraying a powder material comprising at least one titanium alloy directly on the titanium alloy surface. The method may further include the steps of hot isostatic pressing the cold gas-dynamic sprayed turbine component, and performing a separate heat treating step after the hot isostatic pressing. Thus, the cold gas-dynamic spray process and post-spray processing can be employed to effectively repair degraded areas on compressor turbine components.

An electronic semiconductor device comprising a semiconductor base deposited on a semiconductor substrate by means of molecular beam epitaxy and source, drain and gate disposed on the base in a spaced relationghip to each other, the source and the drain comprising Pd/barrier/Au layers with the palladium layer being in contact with the device. The device is fabricated conventionally except the heat treating is at above about 170° C. for ¼-10 hours sufficient for the palladium layer to react with the base yielding reduced contact and access resistances and a narrower spacing between source and drain.

Vascular treatment and methods include a plurality of self-expanding bulbs and a hypotube including interspersed patterns of longitudinally spaced rows of kerfs. Joints between woven structures and hypotubes include solder. Woven structures include patterns of radiopaque filaments measurable under x-ray. Structures are heat treated to include at least shapes at different temperatures. A catheter includes a hypotube including interspersed patterns of longitudinally spaced rows of kerfs. Heat treating systems include a detachable flange. Laser cutting systems include a fluid flow system.

A mold for plastics made of a rolled, extruded or forged AlZnMgCu aluminum alloy product >60 mm thick, and having a composition including, in weight %:with Cu+Mg<4.1 and Mg>Cu,other elements<0.05 each and<0.10 in total,the product being treated by solution heat treating, quenching and aging to a T6 temper.

The invention relates to a wearable compound layer material for machine parts and a manufacturing method and equipment thereof. The wearable compound layer material is a metal-based wearable compound layer material which is composed of a matrix metal and lots of particles or fibers dispersed and distributed in the matrix metal, thereby having a multi-phase structure. The wearable compound layer material is manufactured by a direct-current electroplating or pulse electroplating method. The direct-current electroplating or pulse electroplating equipment is composed of parts such as an electroplating power source, an electroplating tank, a metal anode or a metal alloy anode, a machine part substrate cathode, a stirring device, a solution circulating device, a heating and temperature control device, an additive supplementing device and the like. The wearable compound layer material for machine parts provided by the invention is obviously superior in performance to good-quality cast iron wearable parts, good-quality cast steel wearable parts and wearable parts for surface heat treatment of common steel and good-quality steel commonly employed in the present product. The wearable compound layer also has high-temperature abrasive resistance and excellent corrosion resistance while having excellent abrasive performance; and the internal stress of the coating is very low.

An easily cutted lead-free brass alloy is prepared from Cu (60-62 wt.%), Bi (0.5-2.2), Al (0.01-0.1), Sn (0.5-1.6), P (0.04-0.15) and Zn (rest) through heat treating at 460-600 deg.C for 30 min-4 hr, and slow cooling at speed lower than 70 deg.C/hr.

Temperature measurement and heat-treating methods and systems. One method includes measuring a present intensity of radiation thermally emitted from a first surface of a workpiece, and identifying a present temperature of the first surface in response to the present intensity and at least one previous thermal property of the first surface. Preferably, the workpiece includes a semiconductor wafer, and the first and second surfaces respectively include device and substrate sides thereof. The present temperature of the device side is preferably identified while the device side is being irradiated, e.g. by an irradiance flash having a duration less than a thermal conduction time of the wafer. The device side temperature may be identified in response to a previous device side temperature, which may be identified in response to a previous temperature of the substrate side unequal to the previous device side temperature, and a temperature history of the wafer.

A method and apparatus for thermal treatment of tissue by irradiating the skin with electromagnetic energy is disclosed. Sources of electromagnetic energy include radio frequency (RF) generators, lasers, and flashlamps. The apparatus includes either a positional sensor or a dosage evaluation sensor, or both types of sensors. These sensors provide feedback to a controller. The controller may control the electromagnetic source parameters, the electromagnetic source activation, and/or the sensor measurement parameters. An additional scanning delivery unit may be operably coupled to the controller or to the sensors to provide a controlled distribution of electromagnetic energy to the target region of the skin. The use of positional measurement sensors and dosage evaluation sensors permits the controller to automatically determine the proper electromagnetic source parameters including, for example, pulse timing and pulse frequency.

A method of preparing a biaxially textured alloy article comprises the steps of preparing a mixture comprising Ni powder and at least one powder selected from the group consisting of Cr, W, V, Mo, Cu, Al, Ce, YSZ, Y, Rare Earths, (RE), MgO, CeO2, and Y2O3; compacting the mixture, followed by heat treating and rapidly recrystallizing to produce a biaxial texture on the article. In some embodiments the alloy article further comprises electromagnetic or electro-optical devices and possesses superconducting properties.

A conductive carbon nanotube film having high tensile strength and initial tensile modulus comprises primarily oxidized small-diameter carbon nanotubes wherein the diameter of the small-diameter carbon nanotubes are at most about 3 nm. A method for making the film comprises refluxing an aqueous mixture comprising carbon nanotubes and an oxidizing agent to form a refluxed nanotube dispersion; forming a carbon nanotube film from the refluxed carbon nanotube dispersion; optionally removing nitric acid or other oxidizing agent from the carbon nanotube film; drying the carbon nanotube film; and heat-treating the carbon nanotube film to form a heat-treated carbon nanotube film. The method can also comprise sonicating the nanotubes prior to or after refluxing. A heat-treated small-diameter carbon nanotube film can have a tensile strength of over 70 MPa and an initial tensile modulus of about 5 GPa.

The invention belongs to the field of welding, in particular to a process method applicable to marine engineering large thick steel plate submerged arc welding in low-temperature environment, which comprises a welding method, welding material selection, a welding order, a welding process and the selection and control of various welding process parameters. The method renders with carbon dioxide gas protection welding, and fills and faces through an automatic submerged arc welding; stops welding when the welding reaches more than two thirds of the thickness of a large groove during the welding process, clears chips on the back side and completes the welding of the other side; finally completes the welding of the first side; strictly controls all relevant process parameters of the welding during the welding process, and solves the problems of poorer anti-crack toughness of welding seams and heat affected zones caused by too high cooling speed of the welding seams and too high temperature; can ensure good anti-crack toughness of a welding seam connector without heat treatment after welding; and can meet the requirements of welding of an E36 plate with the thickness of 35 to 77mm under the working environment at the temperature of above -30DEG C, simplifies the production process, shortens the production cycle and reduces the cost.