The invention provides an alpha
energy spectrum quantitative method, device and equipment based on a multi-
population particle swarm, and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: enumerating the thickness of a sample, and calculating a response function matrix corresponding to the samples with different thicknesses; enabling each thickness sample to correspond to one
population, and establishing a relation equation among
detector counting,
nuclide activity and a response function matrix of each
population; parallel
energy spectrum analysis calculation is carried out on all the populations, particles in each population are iteratively searched through a speed updating formula and a position updating formula to obtain corresponding
nuclide activity and
energy spectrum fitting degree optimal solutions, in the parallel calculation process, the populations which cannot be converged are eliminated, the optimal population is screened out from the remaining populations, and the optimal solution of the
nuclide activity and the energy spectrum fitting degree is obtained. The thickness corresponding to the optimal population is the optimal solution of the sample thickness, and the
global optimal position corresponding to the optimal population is the optimal solution of the nuclide activity, so that the problems of complex sample pretreatment, long measurement period and incapability of directly analyzing the sample with the unknown thickness in the alpha energy spectrum measurement technology are solved.