The present invention provides ketolide derivatives, which can be used as anti-bacterial agents. Compounds disclosed herein can be used for the treating or preventing conditions caused by or contributed to by gram positive, gram negative or anaerobic bacteria, more particularly against, for example, Staphylococci, Streptococci, Enterococci, Haemophilus, Moraxalla spp., Chlamydia spp., Mycoplasm, Legionella spp., Mycobacterium, Helicobacter, Clostridium, Bacteroides, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Enterobactericeae or any combination thereof. Also provided are processes for preparing compounds disclosed herein, intermediates used in their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of treating bacterial infections.