The invention relates to a vibrio cholerae typing and virulence gene detection kit and a vibrio cholerae typing and virulence gene detection method. The kit comprises DNA extracting solution, PCR reaction solution, a Taq enzyme system, a positive quality control product and a negative quality control product, wherein the PCR reaction solution consists of PCR reaction buffer, four pairs of forward and reverse primers for the specificity of vibrio cholerae and four probes for the specificity of the vibrio cholerae; the primers and probes are designed according to the specificity conservative areas of nucleic acid sequences of a hemolysin gene, an O-antigen gene of O139 type vibrio cholerae, the O-antigen gene of O1 type vibrio cholerae and the virulence gene of cholera toxin (CTX). The detection kit and the detection method ensure a reliable and stable result, are easy and fast to operate and can realize the typing of the vibrio cholerae and fast judgment about whether the vibrio cholerae has a virulence gene or not, thereby facilitating the tracing and detection of the public health-related events caused by the vibrio cholerae and facilitating the routine monitoring of the vibrio cholerae.