670 results about "Chloroplast" patented technology

Novel chimeric constructions and methods for their use are provided for expression of exogenous genes in a plant chloroplast. Particularly, expression is achieved by the use of a chloroplast or bacterial 5′ untranslated region in the expression cassette. The expression cassette may be integrated into the chloroplast genome by the use of chloroplast DNA flanking sequences, or may replicate autonomously if provided with a chloroplast origin of replication. Plants and cells containing the transformed chloroplasts are also provided. The constructs may be used with both monocotyledenous and dicotyledenous chloroplasts.

The invention provides for identification and use of certain chloroplast transit peptides for efficient processing and localization of dicamba monooxygenase (DMO) enzyme in transgenic plants. Methods for producing dicamba tolerant plants, methods for controlling weed growth, and methods for producing food, feed, and other products are also provided, as well as seed that confers tolerance to dicamba when it is applied pre- or post-emergence.

The invention provides universal chloroplast integration and expression vectors which are competent to stably transform and integrate genes of interest into chloroplast genome of multiple species of plants. Transformed plants and their progeny are provided. Monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants are transformed which have never been transformed heretofore. Plants transformed with a synthetic gene express valuable biodegradable protein-based polymers (PBPs). Transformed plants produce high value molecules. Resistance is provided to agricultural crops against the major classes of chemical herbicides. Herbicide resistance is used as a lethal selectable marker for chloroplast transformation. The transformed plants are capable of expressing in addition to the targeted trait, a desirable, secondary non-targeted trait. Insect resistance is provided to transformed plants, both against insects that are susceptible to Bt toxins and against insects that have developed resistance to Bt toxins.

Introducing blocks of foreign genes in a single operon would avoid complications such as position effect and gene silencing inherent in putting one gene at a time into random locations in the nuclear genome. Cloning several genes into a single T-DNA does not avoid the compounded variable expression problem encountered in nuclear transgenic plants. This disclosure shows that a bacterial operon can be expressed in a single integration event as opposed to multiple events requiring several years to accomplish. Expression of multiple genes via a single transformation event opens the possibility of expressing foreign pathways or pharmaceutical proteins involving multiple genes. Expressing the Cry2aA2 operon, including a putative chaperonin to aid in protein folding, in the chloroplast via a single transformation event leads to production of crystalized insecticidal proteins. Expressing the Mer operon via a single transformation event leads to a phytoremediation system.

Novel expression vectors and constructs encoding a chloroplast transit peptide (CTP) operably linked to a monomeric anthranilate synthase are provided. Additionally, novel polynucleotide sequences encoding monomeric anthranilate synthases are provided. Also provided are methods for increasing the levels of free tryptophan in transgenic plants containing the expression vectors and constructs.

The present invention circumvents inherent inefficiencies of photosynthesis by exposing chloroplast (or equivalents thereof) to light in a periodic manner during the organisms' “daylight” cycle. Optical, electro-optical, and / or electromechanical techniques are introduced to conventional farming methods to increase the conversion efficiency and farming yield many-fold. A module is provided that carries out the above benefits. The module includes: a solar distribution sub-system; and a structure having a plurality of growing levels configured and dimensioned to support a desired quantity of plant life and associated nutrient sources (e.g., soil, hydroponic, or an equivalent nutrient source).

Sustained hydrogen production is obtained by the culturing of a genetically-modified algae, where the ability of the chloroplasts to intake sulfate is reduced or eliminated compared to wild-type algae. The alga is cultured in a sealed environment in a liquid or solid medium that contains sulfur, and hydrogen is generated continuously. Alternatively, the algae may be cultured in the presence of bacteria that also produce hydrogen gas. The hydrogen produced can be collected and used as a clean energy source.

The invention relates to high-level production of pHBA in green plants using a unique expression cassette. The latter comprises a chorismate pyruvate lyase (CPL) coding sequence operably linked to a suitable promoter capable of driving protein expression in higher plants. Additionally, the CPL cassette comprises a sequence encoding a chloroplast transit peptide, its natural cleavage site, and a small portion of the transit peptide donor protein fused to the N-terminus of CPL. The chloroplast targeting sequence targets the foreign protein to the chloroplast compartment and aids in its uptake into the organelle. The cleavage site is unique to the transit peptide, and cleavage of the chimeric protein encoded by the cassette at this site releases a novel polypeptide that has full enzyme activity, comprising the mature CPL enzyme and a small portion of the transit peptide donor.

The functional analysis of genes frequently requires the manipulation of large genomic regions. A yeast-bacteria shuttle vector is described that can be used to clone large regions of DNA by homologous recombination. Also described is a method for isolating entire genomes, including chloroplast genomes, or large portions thereof, and manipulating the same. Also described are methods for determining minimal genomes, minimal pathway requirements, and minimal organelle genomes.

An optical device that comprises an input waveguide, an output waveguide, a high-Q resonant or photonic structure that generate slow light connected to the input waveguide and the output waveguide, and an interface, surface or mode volume modified with at least one material formed from a single molecule, an ordered aggregate of molecules or nanostructures. The optical device may include more than one input waveguide, output waveguide, high-Q resonant or photonic structure and interface, surface or mode volume. The high-Q resonant or photonic structure may comprise at least one selected from the group of: microspherical cavities, microtoroidal cavities, microring-cavities, photonic crystal defect cavities, fabry-perot cavities, photonic crystal waveguides. The ordered aggregate of molecules or nanostructures comprises at least one selected from the group of: organic or biological monolayers, biological complexes, cell membranes, bacterial membranes, virus assemblies, nanowire or nanotube assemblies, quantum-dot assemblies, one or more assemblies containing one or more rhodopsins, green fluorescence proteins, diarylethers, lipid bilayers, chloroplasts or components, mitochondria or components, cellular or bacterial organelles or components, bacterial S-layers, photochromic molecules. Further, the molecular aggregate may exhibit a photoinduced response.

A method for producing a plant with increased yield as compared to a corresponding wild type plant whereby the method comprises at least the following step: increasing or generating in a plant or a part thereof one or more activities of a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate phosphatase, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase, 5OS chloroplast ribosomal protein L21, 57972199. R01.1-protein, 60952769. R01.1-protein, 60S ribosomal protein, ABC transporter family protein, AP2 domain-containing transcription factor, argonaute protein, AT1 G29250.1-protein, AT1 G53885-protein, AT2G35300-protein, AT3G04620-protein, AT4G01870-protein, AT5G42380-protein, AT5G47440-protein, CDS5394-protein, CDS5401_TRUNCATED-protein, cold response protein, cullin, Cytochrome P450, delta-8 sphingolipid desaturase, galactinol synthase, glutathione-S-transferase, GTPase, haspin-related protein, heat shock protein, heat shock transcription factor, histone H2B, jasmonate-zim-domain protein, mitochondrial asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, Oligosaccharyltransferase, OS02G44730-protein, Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase family protein, plastid lipid-associated protein, Polypyrimidine tract binding protein, PRLI-interacting factor, protein kinase, protein kinase family protein, rubisco subunit binding-protein beta subunit, serine acetyltransferase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, small heat shock protein, S-ribosylhomocysteinase, sugar transporter, Thioredoxin H-type, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, ubiquitin-protein ligase, universal stress protein family protein, and Vacuolar protein.

An obesity control agent with health-restorative and health-promotional benefits to humans comprising the extract of Chlorophytum species, more particularly, Chlorophytum arundinacceum, is disclosed. The bioactive principles responsible for anti-obesity property have been determined to be mainly due to spirosta-steroidal saponins, spirosta-steroidal alkaloids and galacto-glucan oligosaccharides. Most effective as an obesity control agent is the spirosta-steroidal saponins. Pharmaceutical, nutritional and veterinary use of this inventive composition is also disclosed.

This invention relates to a nucleic acid fragment encoding a plant 5-methyltetra-hydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine methyltransferase or methionine synthase. The invention also includes chimeric genes, a first encoding a plant methionine synthase (MS) gene, a second encoding a plant cystathionine γ-synthase (CS) gene, a third encoding feedback-insensitive aspartokinase (AK) or bifunctional feedback-insensitive aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase (AK-HDH), which is operably linked to a plant chloroplast transit sequence, and a fourth encoding a methionine-rich protein, all operably linked to plant seed-specific regulatory sequences. Methods for their use to produce increased levels of methionine in the seeds of transformed plants are provided.

The invention relates to a set of chloroplast SNP and INDEL molecular marker combination for maternal traceability of maize. On the basis of high quality resequencing data, the invention develops a set of maize chloroplast genome polymorphic locus combination, the polymorphic loci are CPM001-CPM100, which include 96 SNP loci and 4 IDNEL loci. The 100 chloroplast loci can be applied to construction of a maize chloroplast DNA fingerprint database, parental traceability, and reciprocal cross identification. Through application of the chloroplast polymorphic loci, the range of available marker loci for maize on the genomic level is expanded; and a new idea and method are provided for maize varieties, germplasm resource identification, genetic relationship evaluation, cytoplasmic genetic characteristics and other studies.

The present invention provides for a method to circumvent the problem of using antibiotic resistant selectable markers. In particular, target plants are transformed using a plastid vector which contains heterologous DNA sequences coding for a phytotoxin detoxifying enzyme or protein. The selection process involves converting an antibiotic-free phytotoxic agent by the expressed phytotoxin detoxifying enzyme or protein to yield a nontoxic compound. The invention provides for various methods to use antibiotic-free selection in chloroplast transformation.

The invention relates the construct method for transgenosis rhinestone algae bioreactor. The method comprises the following steps: using the rhinestone algae as transgenosis receptor biology, highly effective expressing the carrier construct by constructing the exogenesis gene containing screening mark expression frame, leading the destination genes in rhinestone algae with bead milling method, electric punching method and other methods, integrating them into nucleus genome or chloroplast genome, and adopting a series of gene expression regulate and control technology to construct the transgenosis rhinestone algae bioreactor. The transgenosis rhinestone algae bioreactor possesses the characters of fast growth rate, short breeding cycle, easy segregation, photoautotroph and large scale culture, fast and cheap producing medicinal protein, industrial raw materials, and feeding vaccination, and possessing the bioactivity secondary metabolite.

The invention discloses a simple, convenient, efficient and universal plant chloroplast genome sequencing method. The method comprises the following steps: directly performing high-flux sequencing by adopting genome DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid); capturing chloroplast reads by using a biology bioinformatics method; then, assembling and splicing to obtain a chloroplast genome complete sequence. Compared with the conventional method, the method has the advantages that a high-flux sequencing library is built directly by taking leaf genome DNA as a template, so that the efficiency and universality of the method are improved greatly; complicated PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) product sequencing and splicing and assembling of clone segments are not required, and splicing is directly performed from the start by using the reads obtained after high-coverage sequencing, so that test steps are reduced greatly, the test flow is simplified, and the method is simple, convenient, rapid and efficient.

The invention provides a mthod for propagating dendrobium candidum test-tube plantlets, which comprises the following steps: a. adopting dendrobium candidum stem sections or stem section axillary buds as explants, wherein chloroplasts of the stem sections or the stem section axillary buds have gene sequences with the GenBank login number of FJ530946; and b. carrying out the processes of axillary bud survival and growth, cespitose shoot inducement and multiplication, and plantlet formation, wherein the culture conditions include the culture room temperature of 26+ / -2 DEG C, the illumination intensity of 20001x, the pH value between 5.8 and 6.0, the light source of a fluorescent lamp or an LED light source, and the illumination time of 12 h per day. The method of the invention aims at the defects of the existing dendrobe tissue culture method, improves the existing dendrobe tissue culture method, and provides a fast propagation method of the dendrobium candidum germchits. The method can meet the requirements of germchits required by large-scale production in a short time, and has the characteristics of low cost, regular germchit growth, simplicity and easy implementation of a domestication method, good inheritance stability and the like.

The invention is a constructing method of a genetic modified chlamydomonas reinhardtii to express kallikrein of human tissue. Firstly kallikrein gene sequence suitable for expression of chlamydomonas reinhardtii kernel genome or expression of chloroplast genome or expression of mitochondrial is designed according to kallikrein gene sequence of human tissue and preferred codon table of chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the gene sequence is synthesized by artificial synthesis, kallikrein gene of human tissue containing non-coded sequence is artificially synthesized, then expression vector of chlamydomonas reinhardtii kernel genome or expression vector of chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast genome or expression vetor of chlamydomonas reinhardtii mitochondrial with mention foreign gene is constructed, then transformed into chlamydomonas reinhardtii by genetic transformation, and genetic modified algal strains capable of expressing kallikrein of human tissue is obtained after screening. The invention lays foundation of treating and preventing some diseases such as hypertention, glomerulonephritis with human original kallikrein gene chlamydomonas reinhardtii and products there.

The invention provides a fully-water soluble fertilizer and relates to a fertilizer. The fully-water soluble fertilizer consists of K2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, urea, monoammonium phosphate, fulvic acid potassium, zinc, boron, a plant growth regulator and naphthylacetic acid, and the mass percentage occupied by the components is shown as follows: 30-50 percent of K2SO4, 30-40 percent of (NH4)2SO4, 3-8 percent of urea, 5-15 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 10-30 percent of fulvic acid potassium, 1-3 percent of zinc, 1-3 percent of boron, 0.3-0.8 percent of plant growth regulator and 0.3-0.8 percent of naphthylacetic acid. The fully-water soluble fertilizer has the beneficial effects that the fully-water soluble fertilizer is formed by adopting high-quality imported N, O and K as main materials, adding trace elements, i.e. zinc and boron, mixing auxin DA-6, and refining and processing; the fully-water soluble fertilizer has the effects of cold resistance and drought resistance, enhances the photosynthesis of crops, is a necessary nutrient element for maintaining a chloroplast structure, has remarkable effect on paper plant growth metabolism and facilitates the growth and the development of the crops; the infection risk of cottons, wheat, melons and fruits, and other virus and diseases can be reduced; and the fully-water soluble fertilizer is the high-quality fertilizer for supplanting crop nutrition and has the characteristics of fast dissolution, full dissolution, yield increment, efficiency increment and the like.

An optical device that comprises an input waveguide, an output waveguide, a high-Q resonant or photonic structure that generate slow light connected to the input waveguide and the output waveguide, and an interface, surface or mode volume modified with at least one material formed from a single molecule, an ordered aggregate of molecules or nanostructures. The optical device may include more than one input waveguide, output waveguide, high-Q resonant or photonic structure and interface, surface or mode volume. The high-Q resonant or photonic structure may comprise at least one selected from the group of: microspherical cavities, microtoroidal cavities, microring-cavities, photonic crystal defect cavities, fabry-perot cavities, photonic crystal waveguides. The ordered aggregate of molecules or nanostructures comprises at least one selected from the group of: organic or biological monolayers, biological complexes, cell membranes, bacterial membranes, virus assemblies, nanowire or nanotube assemblies, quantum-dot assemblies, one or more assemblies containing one or more rhodopsins, green fluorescence proteins, diarylethers, lipid bilayers, chloroplasts or components, mitochondria or components, cellular or bacterial organelles or components, bacterial S-layers, photochromic molecules. Further, the molecular aggregate may exhibit a photoinduced response.

A photocatalyst in the form of chloroplast-like heterostructures of Bi2S3—ZnS is disclosed. Additionally, methods for producing the chloroplast-like heterostructures of Bi2S3—ZnS with controlled morphology, as well as methods for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen gas under visible light irradiation employing the chloroplast-like heterostructures of Bi2S3—ZnS are disclosed.

The first primer of the invention is a primer which, when used in PCR under appropriate conditions, serves to detectably amplify 16S rRNA-encoding DNAs of bacteria of the Escherichia, Salmonella and Vibrio genera, but when used in PCR under the same conditions, does not serve to detectably amplify either chloroplast 16S rRNA-encoding DNAs or mitochondrial 16S rRNA-encoding DNAs. The second primer of the invention is a primer which, when used in PCR under appropriate conditions, serves to detectably amplify 16S rRNA-encoding DNAs of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, but when used in PCR under the same conditions, does not serve to detectably amplify either chloroplast 16S rRNA-encoding DNAs or mitochondrial 16S rRNA-encoding DNAs.

The invention provides universal chloroplast integration and expression vectors which are competent to stably transform and integrate genes of interest into chloroplast genome of multiple species of plants. Transformed plants and their progeny are provided. Monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants are transformed which have never been transformed heretofore. Plants transformed with a synthetic gene express valuable biodegradable protein-based polymers (PBPs). Transformed plants produce high value molecules. Resistance is provided to agricultural crops against the major classes of chemical herbicides. Herbicide resistance is used as a lethal selectable marker for chloroplast transformation. The transformed plants are capable of expressing in addition to the targeted trait, a desirable, secondary non-targeted trait. Insect resistance is provided to transformed plants, both against insects that are susceptible to Bt toxins and against insects that have developed resistance to Bt toxins.

The invention discloses a foliage spraying preparation for promoting fruit setting and fruit swelling and enhancing crop stress resistance. The preparation comprises the ingredients including fulvic acid, DA-6, 2,4-D sodium salt, alpha-pimacol, gibberellin, zeatin, dimethyl sulfoxide, butylcellosolve, sodium tetraborate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, molybdenum sulfate and magnesium sulfate. After the preparation is sprayed, nutrient substances are rapidly transferred from blade surfaces and are gathered at the plant reproduction active part, and the center endogenous hormones level of fruits is improved; the cell division is promoted, the cell size is amplified, the fruit swelling is accelerated, the chloroplast development and the chlorophyll formation are promoted, the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves is improved, and the unit area yield is increased; the flowing of nutrient substances to female flowers is enhanced, the fruit development speed is accelerated, the uniform fruit development is controlled, the deformity is reduced, the fruit surface is kept fresh, bright and smooth, and the commodity rate is obviously improved; and the immunological competence of plants are excited, the resistance is improved, the occurrence of the pest and disease damage is reduced, the senescence is delayed, and the picking period and the fruit shelf period are prolonged.

The invention discloses a plant chloroplast-related protein and encoding gene and application thereof. The protein has one of the following amino acid residue sequences: 1) an SEQ ID No.1 amino acid residue sequence in a sequence table; and 2) the SEQ ID No.1 amino acid residue sequence in the sequence table is replaced by one or a plurality of amino acid residues and / or lost and / or added with a protein which is derived from SEQ ID No.1 and has relative development functions of plant chloroplast. When the encoding gene of a rice chloroplast development related protein is destroyed, the plant leaf albino can be caused; and the encoding gene can be applied to the work such as plant genetic improvement and the like, and is an important direction gene, for example, the encoding gene can be uses as a target gene for being applied in rice breeding material sterile lines and changing the color of leaves, and can also be used for two-line hybrid rice seed production or genetic breeding.

The invention discloses a gateway cloning technology entry plasmid vector. The vector contains a photoinducible promoter (Prbcs) of a small subunit gene of 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) and a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene. The invention also discloses a construction method and application of the vector. Through the vector, the gateway cloning technology can be utilized to quickly construct a photoinducible plant expression vector of a target gene to realize the high level expression of the target gene in plant leaves, the expression of the target gene is adjusted by light intensity, and expressed target protein can be positioned into chloroplast or cytoplasm.

The invention relates to a biological hydrogen production technology, in particular to a method for improving the chlamydomonas reinhardtii hydrogen production amount of a leghemoglobin ferrous chelate enzyme gene. The traditional chlamydomonas reinhardtii hydrogen production method has the defects that chlamydomonas reinhardtii hydrogen enzymes are sensitive to oxygen and easily restricted by the oxygen to lose activity, and the chlamydomonas reinhardtii hydrogen production effect is limited. The invention discloses an application of a leghemoglobin ferrous chelate enzyme gene and a globulin subunit gene to hydrogen production by constructing the leghemoglobin ferrous chelate enzyme gene hemH and the globulin subunit gene lba in a chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast expression vector, transferring the expression vector in the chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast and expressing the hemH-lba gene in the chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast. The invention has the advantages that the content of oxygen in a closed culture system of the transformed chlamydomonas reinhardtii is reduced obviously faster than that of the chlamydomonas reinhardtii of an un-transformed gene, the oxygen content is kept at a lower level, and the hydrogen production amount is obviously increased.

The invention relates to the technical field of genetic engineering, in particular to a homologous recombination empty carrier of dunaliella salina chloroplasts and an application of the homologous recombination empty carrier. The carrier comprises a promoter and a terminator, wherein the recombination empty carrier contains an upstream homologous arm with a base sequence represented as SEQ ID NO:1 and a downstream upstream homologous arm with a base sequence represented as SEQ ID NO:2, and a base sequence which is represented as SEQ ID NO:5 and constitutes a polycistron structure with at least one exogenous gene is inserted between the homologous arms. With the adoption of the dunaliella salina chloroplast stable expression system, stable expression of multiple exogenous genes in chloroplasts can be realized.

According to the invention, the culture time of paddy rice is shortened by adjusting the growing conditions of paddy rice seedlings; a paddy rice green protoplast is prepared by an enzyme method; the preparation method is optimized, so vacuum pumping and the usage of a highly toxic reagent are avoided; and thus the preparation method of the paddy rice green protoplast is simpler and safer. The protoplast prepared by the method of the invention has a high cell survival rate, and a high transformation rate, is applicable to various analysis such as subcellular localization of target gene codingprotein, protein interaction, western blotting and the like, and is especially applicable to instantaneous expression research of light / chloroplast related gene.