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An electronic cigarette has two tubes that resemble a cigarette: an electronic inhaler and an electronic atomizer. The two tubes are connected through one or more electric connectors to form an electronic cigarette. Inside the inhaler is a rechargeable or non-rechargeable power source such as a battery, which supplies electric power to the electronic inhaler and atomizer and ensures that both work together like a cigarette. In addition to the power source, the inhaler also includes other major components: an electric airflow sensor to detect air movement generated by a user's inhaling or puffing act and a Single Chip Micyoco which controls the atomization process. The sensor's role is to collect an airflow signal that triggers the Single Chip Micyoco, which in turn instructs the electronic cigarette to supply electric power to the inhaler and atomizer connected through an electric connector. Inside the electronic atomizer are an electric connector, electric heating wire, liquid container, and atomizer cap with an air-puffing hole. The user inhales through the air-puffing hole at an end of the electronic cigarette to create an air inflow, which triggers the atomization process. The Single Chip Micyoco driven by a software program controls the electronic cigarette in an on / off manner according to the signal detected by the electric sensor on the airflow and completes a cycle of atomization, which converts a solution of a liquid form inside the liquid container to a gas form. This entire process achieves the emulated smoking process of a user, who is satisfied with scent taste that mimics cigarette smoking.

Living cellular material is encapsulated or placed in a protective material (cell protector) which is biocompatible, biodegradable and has a three-dimensional form. The three dimensional form is incorporated into a matrix that maybe implanted in vivo, ultimately degrade and thereby by replaced by living cell generated material.

An electronic cigarette has two tubes that resemble a cigarette: an electronic inhaler and an electronic atomizer. The two tubes are connected through one or more electric connectors to form an electronic cigarette. Inside the inhaler is a rechargeable or non-rechargeable power source such as a battery, which supplies electric power to the electronic inhaler and atomizer and ensures that both work together like a cigarette. In addition to the power source, the inhaler also includes other major components: an electric airflow sensor to detect air movement generated by a user's inhaling or puffing act and a Single Chip Micyoco which controls the atomization process. The sensor's role is to collect an airflow signal that triggers the Single Chip Micyoco, which in turn instructs the electronic cigarette to supply electric power to the inhaler and atomizer connected through an electric connector. Inside the electronic atomizer are an electric connector, electric heating wire, liquid container, and atomizer cap with an air-puffing hole. The user inhales through the air-puffing hole at an end of the electronic cigarette to create an air inflow, which triggers the atomization process. The Single Chip Micyoco driven by a software program controls the electronic cigarette in an on / off manner according to the signal detected by the electric sensor on the airflow and completes a cycle of atomization, which converts a solution of a liquid form inside the liquid container to a gas form. This entire process achieves the emulated smoking process of a user, who is satisfied with scent taste that mimics cigarette smoking.

Various devices are provided for allowing multiple surgical instruments to be inserted through a single surgical access device at variable angles of insertion, allowing for ease of manipulation within a patient's body while maintaining insufflation. Safety shields and release mechanisms are also provided for use with various surgical access devices.

An optical interference display unit with a first electrode, a second electrode and support structures located between the two electrodes is provided. The second electrode has at least a first material layer and a second material layer. At least one material layer of the two is made from conductive material and the second conductive layer is used as a mask while an etching process is performed to etch the first material layer to define the second electrode.

An interior rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a prismatic mirror element and a display element. The prismatic mirror element includes a wedge-shaped prism element having a front surface and a rear surface and a second element having a transflective reflector on a first surface thereof. The front surface of the prism element generally faces a driver of the vehicle when the mirror assembly is installed in the vehicle, and the rear surface is opposite the front surface. The transflective reflector coated first surface of the second element is attached to the rear surface of the prism element via an optically matching medium. The display element is positioned to the rear of the prismatic mirror element and operates to display information through the prismatic mirror element so as to be viewable by a driver of the vehicle when the display element is operated to emit visible light.

Various devices are provided for allowing multiple surgical instruments to be inserted through a single surgical access device at variable angles of insertion, allowing for ease of manipulation within a patient's body while maintaining insufflation. Safety shields and release mechanisms are also provided for use with various surgical access devices.

Various devices are provided for allowing multiple surgical instruments to be inserted through a single surgical access device at variable angles of insertion, allowing for ease of manipulation within a patient's body while maintaining insufflation. Safety shields and release mechanisms are also provided for use with various surgical access devices.

Various devices are provided for allowing multiple surgical instruments to be inserted through a single surgical access device at variable angles of insertion, allowing for ease of manipulation within a patient's body while maintaining insufflation. Safety shields and release mechanisms are also provided for use with various surgical access devices.

An autonomous vacuum cleaner comprises: obstacle detection sensors; moving means; a cleaning means including a power brush, a suction fan and a nozzle for sucking up dust on a floor surface; floor surface sensors each comprising a passive-type CMOS line sensor to receive light from the floor surface for detecting floor surface conditions. It performs cleaning while autonomously moving. Based on received light signals of the floor surface sensors, distance distributions to floor surface areas within the viewing angle of each sensor are derived. Detection of a step on the floor surface and identification of the material of the floor surface (polished floorboard, tatami or carpet) are performed by analyzing spatial frequency in the distance distribution. Based on the identification, cleaning conditions including at least the moving speed, the dust suction force of the suction fan or the brushing strength of the power brush are changed. With simple structure using one same floor sensor, this autonomous vacuum cleaner can detect a step on a floor surface and can more accurately identify the material of the floor surface, thereby enabling meticulous cleaning.

An electro-optic window is provided which is powered solely by at least one discrete photovoltaic cell within an electro-optic window. The electro-optic window has front and back spaced-apart glass elements sealably bonded together in a spaced-apart relationship and defining a chamber filled with an electro-optic material. The front glass element has a transparent conductive layer on the face of the front glass element confronting the rear glass element and the rear glass element has a transparent conductive layer on the face confronting the front glass element. The seal is generally disposed along the perimeter of three edges of both glass elements and some distance in from the remaining (fourth) edge. The photovoltaic assembly is electrically connected to the two transparent conductive layers and is placed on the outer perimeter along this fourth edge with the photon-absorbing side of all the photovoltaic cells within the photovoltaic assembly facing in one direction ("out" the window). When light impinges on the photovoltaic cell a current is created which darkens the electro-optic material in proportion to the amount of impinging light. By choosing the relative area of the photovoltaic assembly to produce the correct current for the electro-optically active window area, the darkening of the electro-optic portion can be directly and accurately controlled without the need for any circuit, wires or shorting resistors. In addition, an apparatus for making an electro-optic window having two members capable of securing and holding two glass elements in a spaced-apart and parallel relationship is provided. The glass elements may be secured by vacuum-applying members or simple clips. The glass elements may be held in a spaced-apart and parallel relationship by a hydraulic mechanism or by simple spacers placed between the securing members.

Various devices are provided for allowing multiple surgical instruments to be inserted through a single surgical access device at variable angles of insertion, allowing for ease of manipulation within a patient's body while maintaining insufflation. Safety shields and release mechanisms are also provided for use with various surgical access devices.

Various devices are provided for allowing multiple surgical instruments to be inserted through a single surgical access device at variable angles of insertion, allowing for ease of manipulation within a patient's body while maintaining insufflation. Safety shields and release mechanisms are also provided for use with various surgical access devices.

A system is described for management of an operations area. The management system includes a central processing component with one or more central processors. An active monitoring system component is connected to the central processor. The active monitoring system includes tags and readers for individual identification of one or more tagged entities. The active monitoring system component is arrayed to create a management zone. The tags and readers are linked to the central processing component such that information from the tags and readers is received and analyzed by the central processing component. A passive monitoring system component is connected to the central processor. The passive monitoring system identifies non-tagged entities entering the management zone and additional information is communicated to the central processing component for analysis.

Prior applications disclosed power supply transmission voltage resulting in reduced line losses, with further energy conservation via luminous intensity control (dimming) of lamp(s) including LEDs. Additionally, an invertible, convertable luminaire, and upgraded control module design (comparable to a computer mainframe) comprised of function components including, for example, a microcontroller with programmable CPU, multiple LED driver(s), multiple independent lamp control(s), variable ON time segmentation(s) and variable ramp speed(s), voice actuation (s), security system(s), battery charge component(s), voltage drop (current) limiter(s), protection, ammeter(s), volt and watt meter(s); and voids for optional modules including but not limited to: clock timer(s); photocell(s); motion detector(s) of various function(s); push button(s); programming and function display(s); microphone(s); wireless transmitter(s) / receiver(s); fiber optic interconnection(s); remote control(s); integration to personal computer(s) or other central control system(s); speaker(s); camera(s); irrigation control(s); luminaire mountable laser module(s) and beacon(s); battery array(s); transmission voltage double isolation for nominal 15 volt maximum wet contact.

Plasma damage in ultra low k dielectric materials during formation of a dual damascene metal interconnect structure is reduced by providing a protective spacer on sidewalls of a line trench. A densified trench bottom region may be additionally formed directly beneath an exposed horizontal surface of the line trench. The protective spacer and / or the densified trench bottom region protects an ultra low k intermetal dielectric layer from plasma damage during a plasma strip process that is used to remove a disposable via fill plug employed in the dual damascene metal interconnect structure.

A fastener (1) includes a screw (2) and a supporting element (3). The screw (2) includes a head (4), a shank (8) and a threaded portion (12). The threaded portion (12) is located on the shank (8). The threaded portion (12) includes a thread having an outer diameter (14). The threaded portion (12) includes a thread runout (25) facing the head (4) of the screw (2). The shank (8) includes a shank portion (10) having a diameter (11) which is smaller than the outer diameter (14) of the thread. The supporting element (3) is captively connected to the screw (2), and it includes at least one narrow location (27). The narrow location (27) has a diameter (28) which is smaller than the outer diameter (14) of the thread. The narrow location (27) includes at least one surface element (30, 35) facing the thread runout (25) and forming an enveloping cone (31) enveloping the thread runout (25) to prevent the supporting element (3) from getting clamped at the thread runout (25) of the screw (2).

An integrated HVACR control and protection system includes a modular and reprogrammable design providing a plurality of possible combinations of power detection, voltage detection, run current detection, transient current detection, temperature detection, universal thermostat interface, peripheral or remote control, and local display and control. The control and protection system is capable of evaluating the relationship between real power used by an HVACR system compressor and other system operating parameters to detect problems early in the failure cycle, i.e., before a failure has progressed to requiring a system shutdown or causing damage to other components. Additionally, a control system and method provide sensorless detection of various HVACR system faults, such as, for example, loss of refrigerant or a refrigerant flow restriction, that impact the relationship between real power and current, voltage, temperature, or other operating parameters. Peripheral or remote control includes wired or wireless system monitoring and parameter programming using a personal digital assistant (PDA), for example utilizing IR communication between the PDA and the control and protection system.

This invention provides methods of obtaining vaccines by use of non-stochastic methods of directed evolution (DirectEvolution(TM)). These methods include non-stochastic polynucleotide site-satuaration mutagenesis (Gene Site Saturation Mutagenesis(TM)) and non-stochastic polynucleotide reassembly (GeneReassembly(TM)). Through use of the claimed methods, vectors can be obtained which exhibit increased efficacy for use as genetic vaccines. Vectors obtained by using the methods can have, for example, enhanced antigen expression, increased uptake into a cell, increased stability in a cell, ability to tailor an immune response, and the like.

To provide a method by which a semiconductor device including a thin film transistor with excellent electric characteristics and high reliability is manufactured with a small number of steps. After a channel protective layer is formed over an oxide semiconductor film containing In, Ga, and Zn, a film having n-type conductivity and a conductive film are formed, and a resist mask is formed over the conductive film. The conductive film, the film having n-type conductivity, and the oxide semiconductor film containing In, Ga, and Zn are etched using the channel protective layer and gate insulating films as etching stoppers with the resist mask, so that source and drain electrode layers, a buffer layer, and a semiconductor layer are formed.

The present invention relates to bioactive ingredients that include isolated bioactive fractions derived from cell juice of fresh biomass of a feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) plant. The bioactive fractions are either free of or substantially free of α-unsaturated γ-lactones (e.g., parthenolide). Further, the bioactive fractions have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The present invention also relates to a method for isolating a bioactive fraction that is derived from cell juice of fresh biomass of a feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) plant and that is at least substantially free of α-unsaturated γ-lactones (e.g., parthenolide). The present invention also relates to a method for preparing a stabilized cell juice serum fraction and a stabilized concentrated cell juice serum fraction that are free of α-unsaturated γ-lactones (e.g., parthenolide). The present invention also relates to a bioactive composition that includes a mixture of one or more of the isolated bioactive fractions of the present invention.

A laryngoscope blade for detachably connecting to a handle has a rigid skeleton to resist deformation or breakage. The blade includes a first end and a second opposite end. The first end is connectable to the handle. The second end is insertable through a patient's mouth and down the throat and / or hypopharynx to expose the voice box. A light conductor extends through the blade and transmits light from the handle to the second end. The blade has first and second surfaces extending between the first and second ends. The first surface faces and effectively diverts a patient's tongue when the second end is inserted into the patient's mouth and throat. A resilient cushion extends from the second surface. The cushion is supple and deformable to absorb pressure exerted on the cushion by inadvertent contact with the teeth while being inserted in the patient's mouth and throat. The cushion includes an outer skin with a relatively low coefficient of friction. The cushion helps to prevent or minimize accidental damage to the teeth with no restriction on the insertion of the blade.

An electromagnetic antenna for Measurement-While-Drilling (MWD) applications is disclosed. The antenna can include several array elements that can act alone or together in various measurement modes. The antenna elements can be disposed in tool body recesses to be protected from damage. The antenna elements can include a ferrite plate crossed or looped by independent current carrying conductors in two or more directions forming a bi-directional or crossed magnetic dipole. Although disclosed as a MWD system conveyed by a drill string, basic concepts of the system are applicable to other types of borehole conveyance.

A series of instruments (30, 80, 120, 210, 510, 550) are provided for direct-anterior and oblique-anterior disc space and end plate preparation. The instruments (30, 80, 120, 210, 510, 550) provide precise guidance for channel formation in the vertebral endplates by guiding rotating and bladed cutting instruments (122, 250, 580). Instrumentation (550) for oblique-anterior disc space preparation includes compound angulation to account for the angle of approach to the spine and the angulation between adjacent vertebrae. Methods and techniques for use of the instruments (30, 80, 120, 210, 510, 550) are also described.

The present invention provides a lighting assembly that incorporates a high intensity LED package into an integral housing for further incorporation into other useful lighting devices. The present invention primarily includes three housing components, namely an inner mounting die, an outer enclosure and an outer housing that cooperate to enhance the heat management of the overall assembly. The inner and outer components cooperate to retain the LED package, provide electrical and control connections, provide integral heat sink capacity and includes an integrated reflector cup. Surface area enhancements on the outer surface of the outer enclosure are aligned with openings in the outer housing to allow efficient air flow around the LED assembly to enhance cooling. In this manner, high intensity LED packages can be incorporated into lighting assemblies with reduced risk of overheating and malfunction.