Provided are a hydroxymethyltransferase and a use of a
cofactor or metabolic substrate thereof in preparation of drugs for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, a
hydroxymethyl transfer reaction is performed on
glycine residues in
protein aggregates such as Poly-GA, Poly-GR, and TDP-43 by means of
serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) and
serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2), so that the aggregates are degraded, thereby reducing
pathological aggregation, and thus ameliorating the
pathological condition of patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS and FTD and delaying
disease progression. A
cofactor and a metabolic substrate of the hydroxymethyltransferase can promote the activity of the hydroxymethyltransferase, thereby enhancing the
hydroxymethyl transfer effect on the aggregates such as Poly-GA, Poly-GR and TDP-43, and thus can also be used for treatment of the neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS and FTD.