The invention discloses a portable medical monitoring system for a new arrival suffering from a major disease. The monitoring system comprises an embedded central processing module, a physiological and biochemical parameter acquiring and processing module, a human-computer interaction module, a data storing and transmitting module, a power supply management module, a battery and an alternating-current power supply adapter, wherein the functional modules are used for acquiring, processing, analyzing and displaying the physiological and biochemical parameters including body temperature, degree of blood oxygen saturation, electrocardio, heart rate, breath, blood pressure, bilirubin and acceleration of a new arrival patient concertedly and orderly in real time under the unified control of the embedded central processing module, storing and transmitting the physiological and biochemical parameters and diagnosis and treatment information of the new arrival patient, receiving and executing diagnosis and treatment commands and information of a monitoring host and the human-computer interaction module, and performing early-stage preliminary diagnosis on the major disease causing brain paralysis of the new arrival.