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11674 results about "Kinetic energy" patented technology

In physics, the kinetic energy (KE) of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. The same amount of work is done by the body when decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest.

Plasma immersion ion implantation reactor having an ion shower grid

A plasma immersion ion implantation process for implanting a selected species at a desired ion implantation depth profile in a workpiece is carried out in a reactor chamber with an ion shower grid that divides the chamber into an upper ion generation region and a lower process region, the ion shower grid having plural elongate orifices oriented in a non-parallel direction relative to a surface plane of the ion shower grid. The process includes placing a workpiece in the process region, the workpiece having a workpiece surface generally facing the surface plane of the ion shower grid, and furnishing the selected species into the ion generation region in gaseous, molecular or atomic form and evacuating the process region at an evacuation rate sufficient to create a pressure drop across the ion shower grid from the ion generation region to the process region of about a factor of at least four. The process further includes applying plasma source power to generate a plasma of the selected species in the ion generation region, and applying a grid potential to the ion shower grid to create a flux of ions from the plasma through the grid and into the process region. The process also includes applying a sufficient bias voltage to at least one of: (a) the workpiece, (b) the grid, relative to at least one of: (a) the workpiece, (b) a plasma in the ion generation region, (c) a surface of the chamber, to accelerate the flux of ions to a kinetic energy distribution generally corresponding to the desired ion implantation depth profile in the workpiece.
Owner:APPLIED MATERIALS INC

Supersonic swirling separator 2 (Sustor2)

Sustor2 provides deep cooling of a gas flow, practically total condensation of a vapor, and fast and effective removal of the condensed liquid with a significantly reduced pressure losses compared with the prior art. Sustor2 performs the said operations by developing a strong swirling flow starting from its entrance, followed by spiral flow convergence in the inlet disc-like part, and then in a converging-diverging nozzle, by centrifugal removal of droplets, and removal of the liquid film through slits, then by spiral flow divergence and leaving the vortex chamber through tangential outlet.A gas enters from a pipeline (see the arrow in the A-A cross-section shown in FIG. 7) connected to Sustor2 by a flange and the inlet transition pipe ITP in FIG. 7, spirally converged in the disc-like part, marked by A-A in FIG. 6, enters the converging-diverging nozzle (FIG. 6). The flow is high-speed and swirling even at the near-entrance region of the vortex chamber. This swirl results in the centrifugal force that presses the through-flow to the sidewall. The flow accelerates near the nozzle throat up to a supersonic velocity with subsonic axial and supersonic swirl velocity components. This acceleration results in the gas temperature drop down to 200K and even less values. The reduced temperature causes rapid condensation of vapor into droplets. The centrifugal force pushes the droplets to the sidewall where they are removed through slits. Next the dried gas spirally diverges and leaves the vortex chamber through the tangential outlet. This results in the pressure recovery and transformation of the swirl kinetic energy into the longitudinal kinetic energy of the gas. Both the effects decrease pressure losses which is the Sustor2 advantage compared with the prior art.
Owner:BORISSOV ANATOLI +2

Use of aluminum in perforating and stimulating a subterranean formation and other engineering applications

A chemical reaction between molten aluminum and an oxygen carrier such as water to do useful work is disclosed, and in particular two chemical methods to obtain aluminum in its molten state. One is to detonate a HE/Al mixture with surplus Al in stoichiometry, and the other is to use an oxidizer/Al mixture with surplus Al in stoichiometry. Additionally, there is a physical method of shocking and heating Al using high temperature reaction products. The produced Al in its liquid form is forced to react with an oxygen carrying liquid (e.g. water), giving off heat and releasing hydrogen gas or other gaseous material. A water solution of some oxygen-rich chemicals (e.g. ammonium nitrate) can be advantageously used in place of water. A shaped charge is also disclosed having a liner that contains aluminum, propelled by a high explosive such as RDX or its mixture with aluminum powder. Some aluminum in its molten state is projected into the perforation and forced to react with water that also enters the perforation, creating another explosion, fracturing the crushed zone of the perforation and initializing cracks. Another shaped charge is shown having a liner of energetic material such as a mixture of aluminum powder and a metal oxide. Upon detonation, the collapsed liner carries kinetic and thermal energy. Also shown are methods to build and to detonate or fire explosive devices in an oxygen carrying liquid (e.g. water) to perforate and stimulate a hydrocarbon-bearing formation.
Owner:GEODYNAMICS

Method and system for determining an absolute power loss condition in an internal combustion engine

A method and system for detecting absolute power loss in a cylinder for a reciprocating internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder and a rotatable crankshaft. This method and system includes sensing rotational crankshaft speed for a number of designated crankshaft rotational positions over a predetermined number of cycles of rotation for each of the crankshaft positions and determining an average crankshaft speed fluctuation for each of the crankshaft positions and determining information representative of crankshaft kinetic energy variations due to each firing event or each firing event and compression event in said cylinder and determining information representative of an average fuel flow rate and determining information representative of power loss for the cylinder as a function of the crankshaft kinetic energy variations due to each firing event, the average crankshaft speed and the average fuel flow rate and responsively producing a representative power loss signal and determining information representative of crankshaft torque as a function of the crankshaft kinetic energy variations due to each firing event and compression event and the average crankshaft speed and responsively producing a representative crankshaft torque signal and determining information representative of absolute power loss for each cylinder.
Owner:CATERPILLAR INC

Circulating refrigerating method and refrigerating circulating system thereof

The invention provides a circulating refrigerating method. As a refrigerant is expanded, the flow speed of the refrigerant is increased, kinetic energy is increased, pressure and temperature are reduced, the refrigerant absorbs heat of a cold medium in an evaporator to be evaporated, the cold medium releases the heat to reduce the temperature to achieve refrigerating, the refrigerant absorbing the heat is expanded, the flow speed is increased, the refrigerant enters a diffusion pipe to be compressed, the flow speed is reduced, the pressure and the temperature rise, refrigerant steam enters a condenser to be condensed into liquid, the refrigerant releases the heat to be condensed into the refrigerant liquid to enter a liquid pump so that refrigerating circulation can be formed, the evaporation degree of the refrigerant entering the diffusion pipe is not limited, water can be used as the refrigerant, the problems that the refrigerant like Freon destroys the atmospheric ozone layer, and equipment is corroded by a chemical absorption agent used in a liquid-steam absorption system in the refrigerating process are solved, the refrigerant absorbs the heat of the low-temperature cold medium in the evaporator, and releases the heat in the condenser through diffusion and temperature rising, the cooling medium obtains the heat, and the temperature rises to supply the heat. The invention provides a refrigerating circulating system.
Owner:WUXI XUELANG ENVIRONMENTAL TECH CO LTD
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