2662 results about "Tryptophan" patented technology

The invention relates to a method of preparing heteromultimeric polypeptides such as bispecific antibodies, bispecific immunoadhesins and antibody-immunoadhesin chimeras. The invention also relates to the heteromultimers prepared using the method. Generally, the method involves introducing a protuberance at the interface of a first polypeptide and a corresponding cavity in the interface of a second polypeptide, such that the protuberance can be positioned in the cavity so as to promote heteromultimer formation and hinder homomultimer formation. “Protuberances” are constructed by replacing small amino acid side chains from the interface of the first polypeptide with larger side chains (e.g. tyrosine or tryptophan). Compensatory “cavities” of identical or similar size to the protuberances are created in the interface of the second polypeptide by replacing large amino acid side chains with smaller ones (e.g. alanine or threonine). The protuberance and cavity can be made by synthetic means such as altering the nucleic acid encoding the polypeptides or by peptide synthesis.

The analgesic properties of L-tryptophan and 5-HTP can be safely enhanced with the coadministration of salacin. Salacin can be effectively provided in the form of white willow bark along with other ingredients to further enhance the formulation's analgesic effect. As salacin can cause the loss of vitamin C in humans, the formulation advantageously includes a supplemental amount of vitamin C.

An amino acid such as threonine, homoserine, isoleucine, lysine, valine and tryptophan is produced using a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia which has been constructed from sucorse non-assimilative strain belonging to the genus Escherichia and which harbors sucrose non-PTS (phosphoenol pyruvate-dependent sucrose-6-phosphotransferase system) genes and has an ability to produce the amino acid.

Personal care compositions containing an active selected from the group consisting of phlorogine, phlorgine BG, deoxyArbutin, sucrose dilaurate, bakuchiol, pyrenoine, millet, arlatone dioic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, achromaxyl, methyl nicotinamide, oil soluble licorice extract, folic acid, undecylenic acid, zinc undecylenate, L-tryptophan, thiamine HCl, hexylresorcinol, lipidami red vine, dragosine, methyl gentisate, inositol, symdiol 68, laminaine, their salts, their derivatives, their precursors, and/or combinations thereof. Methods for regulating the condition of mammalian keratinous tissue by topically applying the personal care compositions are also provided.

Lycotoxin-1 peptide mutant peptides which exhibit increased insecticidal activity are produced by substitution of both a proline for the lysine at amino acid position 24 and a tryptophan for the leucine at amino acid position 25 of the wild-type amino acid sequence for lycotoxin-1. Further substitution of amino acids 8, 9 or 10 of the lycotoxin-1 wild-type amino acid sequence, specifically substituting a histidine for the phenylalanine at amino acid position 8, a glutamine for the glycine at amino acid position 10, or a serine for the leucine at amino acid position 9, provides an even greater increase in insecticidal activity. In addition to changes in the lycotoxin-1 amino acid sequence, the addition of an enterokinase K recognition site, DDDK, to the N-terminus of the lycotoxin-1 peptide increases insecticidal activity further still. Isolated nucleic acid sequences encoding the mutant lycotoxin-1 peptides, expression vectors containing these sequences, microorganisms or other host cells transformed with these vectors, and recombinant methods for producing the peptides, are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a method and transdermal pharmaceutical composition for preventing or reducing the likelihood of calcium deficiency or imbalances caused by calcium deficiency. The transdermal pharmaceutical composition includes a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of calcium and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier constituting a pluronic lecithin organogel. In addition to calcium, the transdermal pharmaceutical composition may also contain a therapeutically effective amount of: (1) a pharmaceutically acceptably salt of other minerals such as magnesium, zinc, selenium, manganese, or chromium; (2) a vitamin such as vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E or B-complex vitamins, choline, lecithin, inositol, PABA, biotin, or bioflavomoids; (3) a carotenoid such as lycopene or lutein; (4) a hormone such as dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, pregnenolone, or melatonin; (5) an amino acid such as arginine, glutamine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, GABA, tryptophan, carnitine, or acetyl-l-carnitine; (6) a fatty acid such as a fish oil or flax seed oil; (7) a vita-nutrient such as coenzyme Q10; (8) a cartilage building nutrient such as glucosamine, chondroitin, or MSM, (9) a herb such as ginkgo biloba, echinacea, 5-HTP, St. John's wort, or saw palmetto; or (9) any combination thereof. The transdermal pharmaceutical composition may be topically administered to a human to prevent or reduce the likelihood of calcium deficiency or imbalances caused by calcium deficiency such as hypertension, high cholesterol, colon and rectal cancer, osteomalacia, rickets, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, preeclampsia, tooth decay, and premenstrual syndrome.

The present invention provides polypeptide conjugates wherein a modifying group such as a water-soluble polymer, a therapeutic agent or a biomolecule is covalently linked to the polypeptide through a glycosyl linking group. In one embodiment, the polypeptide includes a glycosylation consensus sequence, wherein glycosylation occurs at an aromatic amino acid residue, such as the C-2 or the N-1 position of a tryptophan side chain. Exemplary polypeptides of the invention are those in which the glycosylation consensus sequence has been introduced into the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide by mutation. In another aspect the invention provides polypeptide conjugates wherein the modifying group is covalently linked to the polypeptide via a glycosyl mimetic linking group. Also provided are methods of making and using as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the polypeptide conjugates of the invention. Further provided are methods of treating, ameliorating or preventing diseases in mammals by administering an amount of a polypeptide conjugate of the invention sufficient to achieve the desired response.

A complex is provided for the treatment of neurogenic conditions having the formula:

where R¹ is

M is a metal ion Ca(II), Mg(II), Cu(II) or Ni(II); n is an integer 1 or 2; R is BBB peptide, transferrin, membrane transporter peptide, TAT peptide, bradykinin, beta-endorphin, bombesin, calcitonin, cholecystokinin, an enkephalin, dynorphin, insulin, gastrin, substance P, neurotensin, glucagon, secretin, somatostatin, motilin, vasopressin, oxytocin, prolactin, thyrotropin, an angiotensin, galanin, neuropeptide Y, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropnin-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, vasoactive intestinal peptidegluconate, L-lactate, L-leucine, L-tryptophan, and L-glutamate; and R is coupled to M through a carboxylate moiety. Magnesium (II) represents the preferred metal ion as magnesium is known to have neuroprotective effects. The metal ion is in part chelated by a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that does not inhibit platelet activity and includes salicylate and ibuprofenate. The complex also includes a ligand operative in transport across the blood brain barrier. A process for making an inventive complex includes the stoichiometric addition of ligands containing carboxylate groups to a solution of the metal ion. In instances where the metal ion is magnesium (II), a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1:1 is found between the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ligand:magnesium (II):transporter ligand.

The invention provides a method for reducing oxidative damage in a mammal, a removed organ, or a cell in need thereof. The method comprises administering an effective amount of an aromatic cationic peptide. The aromatic cationic peptide has (a) at least one net positive charge; (b) a minimum of three amino acids; (c) a maximum of about twenty amino acids; (d) a relationship between the minimum number of net positive charges (p_m) and the total number of amino acid residues (r) wherein 3p_m is the largest number that is less than or equal to r+1; (e) a relationship between the minimum number of aromatic groups (a) and the total number of net positive charges (pt) wherein 3a or 2a is the largest number that is less than or equal to p_t+1, except that when a is 1, p_t may also be 1; and (f) at least one tyrosine or tryptophan amino acid.

A compound is provided that has the formula

NH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂C(O)N—R   (I)

where R is a moiety capable of crossing the blood brain barrier and is as a free compound serotonin, dopamine blood brain barrier (BBB) peptide, membrane translocating protein, TAT peptides, bradykinin, beta-endorphin, bombesin, calcitonin, cholecystokinin, an enkephalin, dynorphin, insulin, gastrin, substance P, neurotensin, glucagon, secretin, somatostatin, motilin, vasopressin, oxytocin, prolactin, thyrotropin, an angiotensin, galanin, neuropeptide Y, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropnin-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, vasoactive intestinal peptidetransferrin, glucosylamnine, amino saccharin, lactylamine, leucine, tryptophan, glutamate and amino cholines.

Superantibodies having enhanced autophilic, catalytic, and/or membrane-penetrating properties are prepared by affinity-based conjugation of a photoactivatable organic molecule to a target immunoglobulin. The photoactivatable organic molecule bears a chromophoric aromatic hydrocarbon moiety, which has affinity for the immunoglobulin. Upon photolysis, the organic molecule is covalently linked to the immunoglobulin. A preferred organic molecule is a peptide and a preferred aromatic hydrocarbon moiety is a tryptophan residue. The photoactivatable organic molecule need not bear a purine, pyrimidine or azido group to effect binding to the immunoglobulin and/or photoactivation. The superantibodies can enhance the potency and expand the targeting range of target antibodies. Autophilic superantibodies can promote apoptosis of target cells and/or enhance therapeutic efficacies in the treatment of patients with diseases or disorders responsive to antibody therapy. Exemplary of such diseases are atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Membrane-penetrating superantibodies can prevent apoptosis by binding to intracellular anti-caspase signal proteins. Compositions containing the superantibodies, as well as methods of making and using them, are disclosed.

A composition of bio-active compounds and methods for facilitating and supporting the metabolism and transport of glucose and carbohydrates into muscle cells, promoting muscle function and growth, promoting glycogen synthesis, enhancing glucose disposal, stimulating pancreatic beta cells, promoting metabolic recovery, promoting muscle recovery, promoting lean body mass, and promoting fat burning. Preferably, the composition of bio-active compounds includes a combination of 4-hydroxyisoleucine with at least one amino acid selected from the group consisting of arginine, aspartate, threonine, serine, glutamate, proline, glycine, alanine, cysteine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, ornithine, lysine, histidine, gamma-amino butyrate and tyrosine. In one presently preferred embodiment of the present invention, the combination is derived, isolated, and/or extracted from fenugreek seeds. Methods for using a novel composition of bio-active compounds from fenugreek seed for facilitating and supporting the metabolism and transport of glucose and carbohydrates into muscle cells, promoting muscle function and growth, promoting glycogen synthesis, enhancing glucose disposal, stimulating pancreatic beta cells, promoting metabolic recovery, promoting muscle recovery, promoting lean body mass, and promoting fat burning are also disclosed, wherein methods comprise the steps of: (1) providing an effective amount of a composition of bio-active compounds derived, isolated, and/or extracted from fenugreek seeds; and (2) administering the composition to a human or animal.

A stable protein formulation containing tryptophan or a tryptophan derivative or a salt thereof as a stabilizer.

The present invention relates to novel polypeptides that bind to IL-23 receptor and inhibit the binding of IL-23 to its corresponding receptor and cell signaling thereof. The novel polypeptides of the present invention has a core structure of WX₁X₂X₃W,

where W is tryptophan, and X₁, X₂ and X₃ are amino acids, with the proviso that when one of X₁, X₂ or X₃ is W, the remaining two of X₁, X₂ or X₃ cannot be W. Preferred core structures include WVDYW or WQDYW. The present invention relates a composition containing the novel polypeptides, and use of same in treating IL-23 associated human diseases including, for example, inflammatory bowel diseases, psoriasis and Crohn's disease.

The present invention relates to a detergent composition containing an amino acid component for washing fruits, vegetables and dishes, which comprises the following components of an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, amino acid, a viscosity modifier, a chelating agent, an antiseptic, a light stabilizer, an antioxidant, a flavor and deionized water. The amino acid composition is one or a mixture with more than two of alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamine, glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, prolinol acid, serine, threonine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine. The detergent of the invention can maintain good decontamination capability, improve the feeling when the detergent composition is used, reduce the hands skin irritation and enhance the hand skin moisturizing ability to improve dry feeling.

A protocol or procedure is provided for lowering sympathetic nervous system arousal in a person in order to prepare that person for a medical or dental procedure. First, a therapeutic dosage of one or more neurotransmitter supplements, such as a gamma aminobutyric acid formulation, a tryptophan-derived neurotransmitter precursor, and dehydroepiandrosterone are administered to the patient. Concomitantly, gelled electrodes are placed adjacent or below the mastoid. The gelled electrodes are connected to a cranial electrotherapy stimulation device that administers a sub-sensation level current to the patient. Also, a noise dampening headset is placed on the patient and a neuroacoustic entrainment recording or program is played. Next, light is blocked with black out glasses. Then, the medical or dental procedure is performed.

A method for producing an L-amino acid is described, for example L-threonine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-phenylalanine, L-arginine, L-tryptophan, or L-glutamic acid, using a bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family, wherein the bacterium has been modified to enhance an activity of a wild-type alcohol dehydrogenase encoded by the adhE gene or a mutant alcohol dehydrogenase which is resistant to aerobic inactivation.

The invention discloses anti-stress feed additives. The compositions of the anti-stress feed additives are: 15 to 30 percent of astragalus polysaccharides, 15 to 30 percent of radix scutellariae glucoside, 10 to 20 percent of pennyroyal wrappage, 10 to 20 percent of honeysuckle extract, 0.5 to 5 percent of vitamin C, 0.5 to 5 percent of vitamin E, 0.001 to 0.02 percent of chromium picolinate, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of zinc oxide, 0.1 to 1 percent of arginine, 1 to 5 percent of tryptophan, 1 to 5 percent of glutamine, 1 to 5 percent of sodium sulfate, 1 to 3 percent of calcium iodate, 1 to 3 percent of sodium selenite, 1 to 3 percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the balance being auxiliary materials. The anti-stress feed additives are added into poultry feed according to the ratio of 0.1 to 0.3 percent. The anti-stress feed additives have the advantages that: firstly, the anti-stress feed additives can reinforce the anti-stress capability of poultry, and are particularly suitable for reinforcing the cold stress capability and the heat stress capability; secondly, the anti-stress feed additives can quickly replenish electrolyte loss caused by dehydration, and quickly recover the osmotic pressure of cells and adjust the acid-base balance in the body; and thirdly, the anti-stress feed additives can reinforce the anti-positioning capability of water bodies of the aquatic animals.

The present invention is directed to novel compositions of bio-active compounds comprising 4-hydroxyisoleucine and one or more compounds selected from the group of amino acids, alkaloids, glycosides, volatile oils, saponins, sapogenins, mannans, flavonoids, fatty acids, vitamins and provitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates. Preferably, the novel compositions of bio-active compounds include 4-hydroxyisoleucine and one or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of arginine, aspartate, threonine, serine, glutamate, proline, glycine, alanine, cysteine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, ornithine, proline, lysine, histidine, and gamma-aminobutyrate. The composition of bio-active compounds preferably include between about ten percent and about seventy percent of 4-hydroxyisoleucine and between about twenty percent and about forty percent of other amino acids. The bio-active compounds of the novel composition of the present invention may be derived, isolated, and/or extracted from Fenugreek seeds. A preferred method for extracting the bio-active compounds from Fenugreek seeds includes the steps of: (1) providing a plurality of Fenugreek seeds; (2) preparing the Fenugreek seeds; and (3) extracting a novel composition of bio-active compounds from the Fenugreek seeds, which include a preliminary extraction step and a secondary extraction step. The compositions of bio-active compounds have been found to be helpful in restoring healthy energy balance in humans and animals, aiding in weight management efforts, and for balancing blood sugar levels by way of assisting the body to make more efficient use of existing (i.e., endogenous) insulin.