This disclosure provides a polypeptide and a nanoassembly of formula (I) and a method for preparing the same. In formula (I), R1 is selected from any of the following groups: aliphatic primary amine residues, aromatic primary amine residues, and residues based on modified
polyethylene glycol; R2 is selected from any of the following groups: H, amino
protecting group; wherein, when R2 represents an amino
protecting group, R3 represents H, and when R2 represents H, R3 represents H or is absent; n includes 1 to 1000, representing the
degree of polymerization of the
amino acid monomers on the polypeptide backbone; x includes 1 to 3; wherein, when x = 1, the polypeptide backbone corresponds to 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, when x = 2, the polypeptide backbone corresponds to
ornithine, and when x = 3, the polypeptide backbone corresponds to
lysine amino acid residues. The polypeptide provided in this disclosure can, after
ultraviolet light irradiation (or other types of side-chain protecting groups and their corresponding deprotection),
expose amino groups on the side chains of the polypeptide backbone, and undergo amino cyclization attacking the
amide bond, leading to self-degradation of the backbone.