629 results about "Constant rate" patented technology

The present invention provides a method for realizing transmission of multiprotocol client signals in a distributed base station subsystem, comprising: encapsulating client signals by a GFP-T frame; and mapping said GFP-T frame into a lower-layer transmission link to realize the transmission of client signals. Said lower-layer transmission link is a common public radio interface CPRI link. Said client signals are one of the following: baseband I/Q signals of WCDMA supported by CPRI protocol, baseband I/Q signals of radio interface protocols other than WCDMA, structured signals of E1/T1, STM-1 and other constant-rate links, structured variable-rate link signals such as Ethernet MAC frame signals, PPP/HDLC frame signals, etc. This method is also applicable to other types of synchronous transmission links between a remote radio unit and a primary baseband processing unit, e.g., the links as specified by OBSAI (Open Base Station Architecture Initiative).

A pressure control system allows gas to be evacuated out of a semiconductor process chamber at a substantially constant rate of mass flow. A gas line connects the process chamber to a vacuum pump. A controllable valve having a variable sized opening is positioned between the process chamber and the vacuum pump. A pressure sensor is in turn positioned between the valve and the vacuum pump, proximate the inlet to the vacuum pump. The size of the variable sized opening is regulated based upon the pressure in the gas line measured by the pressure sensor. The size of the valve opening is varied to maintain the pressure measured by the pressure sensor at a constant value. As a result, because the quantity of gas flowing through the gas line is proportional to the gas pressure, a substantially constant mass flow of gas out of the chamber and into the pump can be achieved.

The present invention provides devices and methods for treating tissue. In one embodiment the present invention provides a method of controlling a temperature of an applicator body, the method comprising providing an applicator body that comprises at least one contact surface A coolant is delivered through at least a portion of the applicator body at a substantially constant rate. Energy is delivered to the coolant through a heating element so that the contact surface of the applicator body is cooled to a desired temperature.

An active transdermal medicament patch includes a planar substrate with a therapeutic face releasably retainable against the skin of a patient. A return electrode and a medicament matrix susceptible to permeation by medicament are secured at separated locations on the therapeutic face. Each electrically conductively engages the skin, when the substrate is retained thereon. A power source carried on the substrate is electrically coupled between the medicament matrix and a programmed microprocessor also carried on the substrate. A substantially invariant voltage presented at an output contact of the microprocessor is applied during a predetermined therapy period across the skin between the medicament matrix and the return electrode, inducing transcutaneous migration of medicament into the skin at a substantially constant rate. A light-emitting diode carried on the substrate and coupled to the microprocessor communicates that the patch is operating.

Device useful for implanting an implantable device within the vasculature of a patient. The device includes a deployment line, a control component for actuating the deployment line, and an actuation mechanism for translating constant-rate actuation of the control component into variable rate retraction of the deployment line from a remotely deployable implantable device. Suitable implantable devices include, for example, stents and stent grafts.

A drip emitter is provided for delivering irrigation water from a supply tube to an emitter outlet at a reduced and relatively constant flow rate. Water enters the emitter through a first inlet and proceeds into a first chamber. When the water pressure is above a predetermined level, a one-directional valve opens to allow fluid flow past the first chamber, through a tortuous path flow channel, and through an emitter outlet. A second inlet is used to compensate for water pressure fluctuations in the supply tube to maintain output flow at a relatively constant rate. Water enters the second inlet and presses a flexible diaphragm toward a water metering surface to provide pressure-dependent control of the output flow. A copper member is mounted to the emitter over the emitter outlet to prevent plant root intrusion into the emitter outlet.

A device and method for the infusion of medicinal fluid at a controlled flow rate to a wound site or the blood stream of a patient is disclosed. A pump delivers fluid under pressure from a fluid source through a continuous and substantially constant flow path and through a supplemental bolus dose flow path. A large volume bolus dose reservoir accumulates a large quantity of fluid from the bolus dose flow path and holds the fluid under pressure. A flow regulator controls the fill rate of the large volume bolus reservoir. The large volume supplemental bolus dose is released from the bolus reservoir upon patient activation of a valve. The release rate of the bolus dose is controlled by the decompression of an elastomeric sphere or spring chamber, by the pressure gradient at the valve and/or by optional flow control tubing. In one embodiment, a source of fluid under pressure is pumped at a continuous and substantially constant rate to a wound site or the blood stream of a patient and into a bolus syringe, which is capable of holding a large quantity of fluid under pressure. A plunger on the bolus syringe may be depressed to release a bolus dose of fluid into a chamber accumulator and then to the patient at a controlled release rate.

An adaptive winding configurations and control method is disclosed for the electromagnetic poles of electric machines, including motors and generators. Motors utilizing the inventive adaptive winding configuration and control method are able to dynamically adjust their operating characteristics to maintain a constant rated power over a large operating speed range with high efficiency. Generators employing the inventive adaptive winding configuration and control method are able to dynamically adjust their operating characteristics in response to a variable driving force to achieve maximum power conversion efficiency. These generators are also able to dynamically change their output voltage and current (thus charging speed) when charging batteries depending on the charged state of the battery, and on the expected duration of the input power.

A volumetric concrete mixer includes a monitoring and control system that assures a uniform amount of cement per unit of aggregate. A processor is in communication to receive an input of a weight of a cement bin from a cement bin load cell and in communication to receive an input of a number of rotations of a conveyor from an aggregate sensor. The processor is adapted to determine a rate of change of weight of the cement bin over a set number of rotations of the conveyor, and to instruct the cement dispenser to adjust the cement dispenser speed to maintain a constant rate of cement being dispensed from the dispenser bin to the mixing area per the set number of rotations of the conveyor.

A warming pack includes a container in the form of a pack, pouch, or bag in which reactants for an exothermic chemical reaction are distributed in one or more flexible matrixes that prevent them from shifting. The rate of the reaction is controlled and the reaction is thermally buffered in order that heat be produced at a constant rate.

Loading and ordering techniques are provided for one-sided and two-sided vectored line groups, as well as loading methodologies that also can be used on a single line, in communication systems such as DSL binders. For single-user lines, bits and energy are optimally allocated for a given set of parameters, which may include maximum rate, minimum rate, maximum margin, target margin, minimum margin and PSD mask of any shape. Iterations, bit-swapping during loading or adaptive margin update during loading can be used in single-user loading, which has low complexity and can be used for a variety of loading objectives and/or goals, such as rate-adaptive, margin-adaptive and fixed-margin objectives. For multi-user vectoring systems, ordering as well as loading is provided for a supplied rate-tuple within a rate region, determining acceptable user loadings and orderings so that the rate-tuple can be implemented. For one-sided vectored DSL, some loading and ordering determines acceptable allocations of bits, energy and decoding/precoding ordering(s) for each tone of each user for a specified set of rates on the vectored lines. PSD determination, ordering and bit allocation can be iteratively used in multi-user loading and ordering and can augment and alter the criteria used for bit swapping procedures used in single lines (or in bonded multiple lines for a single user) so that a favorable vector of rates is achieved for all users. Order swapping can adjust a bit vector and/or rate vector within a constant-rate-sum convex subset of a hyperplane towards the desired vector of user rates for each of the lines.

The present invention provides a friction stir welding apparatus operable for welding one or more metals, metal alloys, or other materials. The friction stir welding apparatus includes a pin tool holder, a shoulder having a surface coupled to the pin tool holder, and a pin tool coupled to the pin tool holder, the pin tool at least partially protruding from the surface of the shoulder, wherein the pin tool is made of a consumable pin tool material. Optionally, the shoulder rotates at a predetermined rotational speed and is retractable into/extendable from the pin tool holder at a substantially constant rate. Optionally, the shoulder is also made of a consumable shoulder material that is at least partially incorporated into the volume of a joint to be welded. The consumable shoulder material comprises a material that is the same as, similar to, or dissimilar from one or more materials comprising a workpiece to be friction stir welded. Preferably, the pin tool rotates at a predetermined rotational speed and is retractable into/extendable from the surface of the shoulder at a substantially constant rate. The consumable pin tool material is at least partially incorporated into the volume of the joint to be welded. The consumable pin tool material comprises a material that is the same as, similar to, or dissimilar from one or more materials comprising the workpiece to be friction stir welded.

High flow, low-pressure ultrafiltration or microfiltration spiral wound membrane cartridges are used in filtration of liquid feedstocks having high suspended solids. Applications may utilize either vacuum or pumping for transmembrane drive pressure (TMP), and gas may optionally be bubbled up through the cartridges with certain feedstocks. Water permeate flux rates as high as 90 gallons per square foot per day (gfd) can be obtained at TMPs below 5 pounds per square inch. By locating each spiral wound cartridge in its own casing and supplying liquid feedstock to an open lower end of the casing, as opposed to submerging such cartridges in a tank filled with feedstock, overall low pressure performance is greatly improved. High permeate flow can be maintained for long periods of time between shutdowns for intensive cleaning. TMP is gradually increased to maintain a substantially constant rate of permeate discharge until a target is reached, indicative of solids accumulation on the membrane surface to an undesirable extent; then backflushing is effected for a short time. Discarding the hold-up volume of feedstock in the cartridge, the backflushing fluid and dislodged solids, allows production to be promptly resumed with fresh feedstock at performance at near original levels.

A time-based audio verification system used to verify the correct installation of an audio system in a vehicle is based on the principle that the distances between a pick-up microphone and each speaker within the vehicle are different. Sound travels at a constant rate, and the wave is measured that provides the time it takes the sound emanating from each speaker to travel to the microphone. Once it is determined where in the wave each speaker is located, the presence of each speaker in the vehicle can be determined. Additionally, the level of each speaker in the curve can be analyzed to determine individual speaker output quality.

A refracture-candidate diagnostic test is an injection of compressible or slightly compressible fluid such as liquid, gas, or combination at pressures in excess of minimum in-situ stress and formation fracture pressure with pressure decline following injection test recorded to detect a fracture retaining residual width from previous stimulation treatments. The diagnostic consists of small volume injections with injection time being a small fraction of time required for compressible or slightly compressible reservoir fluid to exhibit pseudoradial flow. The fracture-injection portion of a test can be considered as occurring instantaneously, and the results obtained in an open infinite-conductivity hydraulic fracture with pressures above fracture closure stress during before-closure portion of pressure falloff and with pressures less than fracture closure stress during after-closure portion of pressure falloff. Data measurements are transformed into a constant rate equivalent pressure transformation to obtain adjusted pressures or adjusted pseudovariables which are analyzed to identify dual unit-slope before and after closure periods confirming a residual retaining width.

An improved data acquisition system interface provides virtually constant sampling of input signals and provides those signals in a digitized format to a data acquisition unit that may not be able to sample at a constant rate without missing or “losing” some of the samples. The present invention acts as a front end interface that temporarily latches the sampled data, expands the data into multiple parallel signals, then stores the multiple parallel signals in a dual-port FIFO memory unit. Finally, the multiple parallel signals are transferred into the data acquisition unit at a lower frequency, and the transfer operations take place only when the data acquisition unit is ready to accept data. Since the front end misses no sampling intervals (i.e., it always takes a sample according to an extremely constant frequency crystal clock), then the data acquisition unit will be provided with all of these samples without losing any data. The only requirement is that the data throughput of the multiple parallel signals into the data acquisition unit be greater than or equal to the data sampling rate of the original signal at the front end. The present invention can be used with pure digital signals to capture their precise times of logic state transitions, or with serial data signals in which the precise moments of transition can be used to decipher the serial data. Moreover, the interface can be used with analog signals that are digitized using an analog-to-digital converter.

A method and apparatus for a traffic shaper that uses a traffic shaping algorithm based on a sustained rate token bucket and a constant rate emitter. The sustained rate token bucket uses a plurality of tokens based on the sustained rate and the sustained burst size. The constant rate emitter allows transmission of traffic at an adjusted transmission rate, where the adjusted transmission rate is derived from the peak rate, peak burst size, sustained rate and sustained burst size.

Devices and methods for removing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a CSF space of a patient at relatively constant flow rates for patients having normal intracranial pressures, e.g. patients not suffering from hydrocephalus. The devices and methods provide drainage paths which permit the removal of CSF at relatively low flow rates, usually below 0.2 ml/day, at normal intracranial pressures, e.g. an intracranial pressure between -170 mm of H2O in upright patients and 200 mm of H2O in reclining patients. The removal of CSF at relatively low, constant rates is particularly suitable for treating Alzheimer's disease and other conditions related to the presence of toxic and/or pathogenic substances in the CSF.

An infusion pump for expelling a fluid from a collapsible fluid reservoir to a patient. The pump includes a housing having a chamber therein for receiving the fluid reservoir. A first wall is provided on the housing for contacting the fluid reservoir, and a second wall is movable from a first position distanced from the first wall to form the chamber therebetween, and a second position relatively closer to the first wall. Advancing the movable wall from the first position to the second position expels fluid from the collapsible reservoir at a substantially constant rate by applying increasing force on the fluid reservoir through the dispensation cycle. Preferably, the first and second walls are provided with non-planar complementary surface configurations for contacting the collapsible reservoir. Retraction mechanisms for retracting the movable wall from the second position to the first position, and user readable indicium of the status of the dispensation cycle are also disclosed.

A servoventilator control slowly changes the target ventilation over a period of time, according to a preprogrammed schedule adapted to be set by the physician. Preferably, the target ventilation stays constant at an initial target ventilation for an initial hold time, and then increases at a constant rate until it reaches a final target ventilation, whereupon it stays constant thereafter. If the pressure support level is too high, possibly indicating glottic or upper airway closure, the rate of increase of target ventilation may be lowered or the final target ventilation not reached.