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51 results about "STM-1" patented technology
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The STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module level-1) is the SDH ITU-T fiber optic network transmission standard. It has a bit rate of 155.52 Mbit/s. Higher levels go up by a factor of 4 at a time: the other currently supported levels are STM-4, STM-16, STM-64 and STM-256. Above STM-256 wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is commonly used in submarine cabling.
CPRI-based multiprotocol signal transmission method and apparatus in distributed base station system
InactiveUS20070091896A1EffectiveNetwork traffic/resource managementNetwork topologiesSTM-1Interface protocol
The present invention provides a method for realizing transmission of multiprotocol client signals in a distributed base station subsystem, comprising: encapsulating client signals by a GFP-T frame; and mapping said GFP-T frame into a lower-layer transmission link to realize the transmission of client signals. Said lower-layer transmission link is a common public radio interface CPRI link. Said client signals are one of the following: baseband I / Q signals of WCDMA supported by CPRI protocol, baseband I / Q signals of radio interface protocols other than WCDMA, structured signals of E1 / T1, STM-1 and other constant-rate links, structured variable-rate link signals such as Ethernet MAC frame signals, PPP / HDLC frame signals, etc. This method is also applicable to other types of synchronous transmission links between a remote radio unit and a primary baseband processing unit, e.g., the links as specified by OBSAI (Open Base Station Architecture Initiative).
Owner:UTSTARCOM TELECOM CO LTD
Facility for transporting TDM streams over an asynchronous ethernet network using internet protocol
InactiveUS6963561B1Low costTime-division multiplexData switching by path configurationInternet protocol suiteSTM-1
A transport facility adapted to transport TDM bit streams using IP packets over an asynchronous Ethernet network. TDM bit streams such as E1, T1, E3, T3, OC-3, OC-12, STM-1, STM-4, etc. are received, buffered and encapsulated into Ethernet frames. The Circuit Emulation Device (CED) receives, buffers and assembles in real-time ingress data from TDM ports into Ethernet Frames and forwards them to an Ethernet interface. The TDM data is encapsulated within RTP, UDP and IP packets before being encapsulated within an Ethernet frame. In the egress direction, Ethernet frames enter the encapsulation / segmentation processor from the Ethernet port and the IP, UDP and RTP packets are extracted from the frame. TDM data is extracted and the bit streams are re-generated and forwarded to the TDM ports for transmission over legacy TDM facilities.
Owner:VENTURE LENDING & LEASING III
Multiplex hierarchy for high capacity transport systems
InactiveUS6891862B1Reduce in quantityReducing current complexityTime-division multiplexMultiplexingTransport system
The SONET / SDH multiplexing hierarchy is extended to very high rates by creating new virtual containers of a higher capacity, and their associate pointers. The multiplexing hierarchy nests the pointers into the payload, so that the number of pointers on the high capacity line is importantly reduced, as the high rate spans of the network do not see the STS-1 / STM-1 pointer granularity. Fewer pointers result in reducing the current complexity of pointer processing. The complexity of the multiplexing hierarchy is also reduced by the use of larger containers. The hierarchy may be extended to higher rates, as needed, and may also be used for other technologies, besides SONET / SDH.
Owner:CIENA
Frame head detecting device of STM-1 structure in SDH system and method
ActiveCN1556604ASolve frame header detectionWith hot swap functionSynchronisation signal speed/phase controlChannel dataData stream
The invention discloses a frame head detecting device and method for STM-1 structure in SDH system, which includes: data byte bit compound processing model, which is used for the recombination of byte bits, the b its width data in the device are shifted circularly into a 8 channels data flow; the frame head detecting mark model includes 8 branches, which are connected to 8 channel data, it sends out frame head pulse when detecting the frame head, it carries on frame head mark signal automatic reset when detecting the frame head mark reset signal pulse; and data frame head selecting model, which is used to select the frame head mark signal with frame head pulse and the correspondent branches' data flow output, at the same time, the unique of the frame head signal are detected, when receives several frame head mark signals, it sends out frame head mark reset signal. The invention can carry on frame head detection to STM-1 data flow after through the CDR clock restoration circuit, frequency dividing and speed conversion.
Owner:SANECHIPS TECH CO LTD
STM-1 to STM-64 SDH/SONET framer with data multiplexing from a series of configurable I/O ports
InactiveUS7161961B2Efficient combinationTime-division multiplexData switching by path configurationMultiplexingData stream
Owner:INT BUSINESS MASCH CORP
Physically defined varactor in a CMOS process
Owner:INTEL CORP
Channelizing STM-1 access distribution method of and system thereof
ActiveCN102468899AAccess is easy to implementSimple accessTime-division multiplexData switching networksHigh densityOriginal data
The invention provides a channelizing synchronous transport module 1(STM-1) access distribution method of and a system thereof. The method comprises: multipath optical signals in a channelizing STM-1 network are respectively converted into electrical signals; an original data stream is extracted; for pure data, an effective IP data packet is extracted according to a protocol type; the data are filtered according to a filtering rule; and the data are distributed. According to the method and the system in the invention, a demand of flexible access of multiport and multi-protocol environments can be met on the light splitting and bypass condition of a complex network environment; and a demand of network safety data processing can also be met; meanwhile, flexibly extensible property of an interface can be supported and a demand on access with high density is met.
Owner:ISOFT INFRASTRUCTURE SOFTWARE
Method for realizing inter-disc STM-1 interface automatic protection switching in gigabit-capable passive optical network (GPON) system
ActiveCN101917225AImprove satisfactionImprove reliabilityMultiplex system selection arrangementsElectromagnetic transmissionTime delaysSTM-1
The invention relates to a method for realizing inter-disc STM-1 interface automatic protection switching in a gigabit-capable passive optical network (GPON) system. The method comprises the following steps that: 1, an inter-disc optical line automatic protection switching function is initiated, and two STM-1 interface discs are appointed as master and backup discs respectively; 2, E1 service links are set up in the two STM-1 interface discs, wherein only the master disc carries corresponding E1 services; 3, the master and backup discs directly send Ethernet double-layered packets to each other to intercommunicate about respective states; 4, when the master disc fails, a switching operation instruction is sent in the form of the Ethernet double-layered packets to the backup disc, and the backup disc is switched into the master disc to carry the corresponding E1 services; and 5, the master and backup discs report the changed states to a network manager. According to the method of the invention, the master and backup states of the STM-1 interface discs are switched by directly sending the double-layered packets, so that the operation efficiency of the system is improved, the time delay in switching is reduced, furthermore, the high real-time requirement on time division multiplex (TDM) services is met, and the reliability of equipment and the degree of satisfaction of telecommunication operators and users are improved.
Owner:FENGHUO COMM SCI & TECH CO LTD
Method and system for automatically recognizing ABIS (aurora business intelligence server) signaling link
ActiveCN103124408AGuaranteed accuracyIntegrity guaranteedWireless communicationTransceiverMaintainability
The invention discloses a method and a system for automatically recognizing an ABIS (aurora business intelligence server) signaling link, and can solve the technical problems of poor accuracy and maintainability in signaling link recognition on an existing network 2.5G transmission link. A 2.5G optical fiber needing scanning recognition of the signaling link is accessed by an optical transceiver, ABIS signaling data are collected by an STM-1 optical collection device, a signaling analysis device is used for ABIS signaling recognition, detailed signaling link information in 2.5G optical transmission is finally acquired, the signaling link is automatically recognized and screened, and accordingly, the problems of incompleteness and inaccuracy of configuration data and difficulty in maintenance of the existing network 2.5G optical transmission link are solved.
Owner:中国移动通信集团内蒙古有限公司
Device for switching 63-path bridge service and kilomega Ethernet port in STM-1
InactiveCN101656743AReduce the quantity requiredSolve wiringData switching by path configurationCoaxial cableSTM-1
The invention discloses a device for switching a 63-path bridge service and a kilomega Ethernet port in an STM-1. the structure of the device comprises a first-level two-layer switching module, a second-level Ethernet two-layer switching module, a kilomega Ethernet electric port, a kilomega Ethernet optical port, an Ethernet over E1 and E1 mapping module, an SDH clock processing module, an STM-1 optical port, a VC4 bus and an Ethernet over E1 and E1 mapping module. The device for switching the 63-path bridge service and the kilomega Ethernet port in the STM-1 has the advantages of saving a lotof Ethernet category-5 cables and 75 omega coaxial cables, lowering the amount requirement of the Ethernet ports and E1 ports, reducing the occupation of stand space in a communication center machineroom, efficiently solving the problems of machine room wiring and maintaining difficulty caused by accessing too many cables, because 63 distal ends can be simultaneously accessed into the Ethernet over E1 bridge service only needing butt jointing a pair of optical fibers and an SDH transmission device and connecting one Ethernet category-5 cable with an Ethernet switch or a router. The inventionadopts the efficient, simple, convenient, low-cost accessing mode.
Owner:NANJING PUTIAN NETWORK CO LTD +1
Network processor based communication protocol monitoring system and method
ActiveCN101136792AEasy to handleFlexible configurationData switching networksData transformationSTM-1
After system is initialized, electrical interface module of multiplexing 10 / 100 / 1000Mbps Ethernet, or optical interface module of multiplexing 1000Mbps Ethernet, or interface module of multiplexing ATM(over STM-1)PHY module convert data in current network to bus of media flow. Through bus of media flow, kernel process module of network processor extracts data to carry out pretreatment, sends data to switching module of Ethernet. Based on coincidence relation between kernel process module of network processor and module of main processor, the method forwards pretreated data to corresponding module of main processor, and carries out advanced treatment for received pretreated data. Introducing newest network processor to the interface module of monitoring system for communication protocol, the invention raises processing power of interface module, and enhances processing power of main processor module on large volume data through pretreatment on data in current network.
Owner:ZTE CORP
Channel testing device and method
The invention provides a channel testing device and method. The channel testing device comprises an SDH multiplex unit, an IMA module, an ATM module, a host control module and one or more STM-1 optical interfaces. Whether a load sharing IMA set exists or not is judged according to configuration information; if the load sharing IMA set does not exist, a data stream is directly multiplexed or demultiplexed into a virtual container through an SDH to be transmitted, sent or received when the data stream is sent or received; if the load sharing IMA set exists, according to the upper-layer allocation load sharing condition, the receiving direction is characterized in that an E1 in the IMA set is multiplexed to a virtual container of the corresponding optical interfaces in an intersected mode to be transmitted and sent; the receiving direction is characterized in that according to the load sharing allocation conditions, VC-12s in the same IMA sets in the two pairs of STM-1s are gathered into a pair of STM-1 in an intersected mode, and then an 2M E1 stream is demultiplexed from the VC-12s to be sent to the IMA processing module; the IMA processing module conducts timestamp adding and data decode processing on the recovered ATM data stream. According the technical scheme, the function of a common STM-1 IMA set can be tested, and two pairs of STM-1 load sharing IMA sets can be further directly tested without an external optical transmitter and receiver.
Owner:BEIJING ZHONGCHUANG TELECOM TEST
Synchronous digital hierarchy signal transmission method
ActiveCN101860408ASuitable for transmissionImprove bandwidth utilizationTime-division multiplexSTM-1Transmission channel
The invention provides a synchronous digital hierarchy signal transmission method. In the method, a block frame consisting of 9 rows of bytes and 270 columns of bytes is adopted to bear E1 signals, wherein only 30 bytes in the block frame are occupied by fields used for channel management and multiplexing control, while the other 2,400 bytes are all used for bearing the E1 signals. The method hasthe advantages that: the block frame adopted in the method has a structure, similar to that of an STM-1 frame, consisting of 9 rows of bytes and the 270 columns of bytes; the transmission can be realized in transmission channels with an STM-1 rate by adopting a conventional SDH signal transmission mode; bandwidth utilization rate can maximally reach 98.77 percent; and the method is applied to microwave communication transmission.
Owner:重庆光通奥普泰通信技术有限公司
Method and device for realizing SDH optical interface of STM-1 by employing oversampling method
ActiveCN106209292ASave resourcesSimplify programming complexityTime-division multiplexTransceiverData translation
The invention discloses a method and device for realizing an SDH optical interface of STM-1 by employing an oversampling method. The method comprises (1), a sending path that an STM-1 transceiver generates STM-1 data frames under clock frequency of 19.44 M, conversion of a clock domain from 19.44 M to 38.88 M is carried out on the data frames through a sending clock domain converter, under the clock frequency of 38.88 M, each piece of 1-bit data is copied into 4-bit data through a sending data bit width converter, the data is sent to an STM-4 optical interface module for sending; and a receiving path that STM-1 signals from an STM-4 optical interface are received, oversampling of four times per level is carried out on the signals under the clock frequency of 38.88 M, an STM-1 frame header is found, conversion from 4-bit to 1-bit is carried out on the data, the data is converted into signals under the 19.44 M through a receiving clock domain converter, and the signals are sent to the STM-1 transceiver for frame decoding.
Owner:TIANJIN DEVISER ELECTRIC INSTR
Device and method for testing connectivity of 63-path bridge service channel in STM-1
InactiveCN101656742AEasy to testImprove test efficiencyData switching networksTest efficiencyTransceiver
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing the connectivity of a 63-path bridge service channel in an integrated STM-1. The device comprises a first-level Ethernet two-layer switching module, a second-level Ethernet two-layer switching module, a kilomega Ethernet electric port, a microprocessor module, an STM-1 interface processing and Ethernet over E1 and E1 mapping module and an STM-1 optical port. The testing method comprises the following steps: realizing the isolation among 63-path bridge services by a microprocessor via the VLAN function provided by an Ethernet switching chip; carrying out a loopback operation on an STM-1 transceiver optical port by an optical fiber; carrying out packet transceiver statistic by controlling the Ethernet switching chip; and checking thestatistical result of the kilomega Ethernet port data packet transceiver. The device and the method for testing the connectivity of the 63-path bridge service channel in the integrated STM-1 has the advantages of simplifying the testing process and improving the testing efficiency of the 63-path bridge service device in the integrated STM-1, and solving the problems of long test time, large workload and the like while simultaneously detecting whether the 63-path Ethernet service channel is regular and uniquely testing each channel without an expensive Ethernet service tester.
Owner:NANJING PUTIAN NETWORK CO LTD +1
Protection switching device for synchronous transfer module (STM)-1 upper optical interface and achieving method
The invention discloses a protection switching device for a synchronous transfer module (STM)-1 upper optical interface and an achieving method and relates to the field of STM-1 upper optical interfaces for a gigabit passive optical network (GPON) system. The protection switching device comprises a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), an optical interface chip supporting a two-way STM-1 optical interface, a primary STM-1 demultiplexing chip, a primary circuit simulation CES chip, a primary physical layer (PHY) chip, a standby STM-1 demultiplexing chip, a standby CES chip, a standby PHY chip, a switching control chip, an exchange chip and a backing plate. A primary optical path channel of the optical interface chip is connected with the switching control chip sequentially through the primary STM-1 demultiplexing chip, the primary CES chip and the primary PHY chip; and a standby optical path channel of the optical interface chip is connected with the switching control chip sequentially through the standby STM-1 demultiplexing chip, the standby CES chip and the standby PHY chip. According to the protection switching device, the time needed for performing protection switching on the STM-1 upper optical interface is short, and operators' requirements can be met.
Owner:FENGHUO COMM SCI & TECH CO LTD
Convergence transmission method of multi-channel E1 data with frequency deviation in SDH signals
The invention discloses a concourse transmission method for multi-path E1 data with offset frequency in SDH signal, and the steps are: (1) builds first-in first-out buffer corresponding with every E1 signal, and judges the offset frequency of E1 signal according to the number and changing situation of stored data in every buffer; (2) builds the concourse processing module; processes the data transmission in concourse module according to the offset frequency situation in step (1) between the E1 signal and the transmission clock; (3) processes the data transmission in concourse module according to the offset frequency situation in step (1) between the E1 signals. The invention provides that it can solve the concourse problems of multi-path E1 signals with offset frequency and the concourse transmission method in multi-path E1 data with offset frequency according to the offset frequency of E1 signal to self-adaptive SDH signal STM 1.
Owner:NAT UNIV OF DEFENSE TECH
Method and apparatus for mapping fast ethernet data interfaces into a single VC-4 virtual container of a STM-1/OC-3 payload transmitted in a radio-link system
Described is a method and apparatus for mapping Fast Ethernet data interfaces (in addition to possible data interfaces of different type) into a single VC-4 Virtual Container of a STM-1 / OC-3 payload transmitted to a radio-link system. The method is characterized by the steps of: packeting the Fast Ethernet signal and any other signal, mapping the packets into a single (VC-4) Virtual Container of a STM-1 / OC-3 payload of a SDH / SONET signal frame, and transmitting said signal frame through the point-to-point radio-link, said radio link being a point-to-point SDH / SONET radio link. All the packets have the same format and are associated to a header for identifying the source. The interfaces of different type are conveniently grouped. Possibly, the VC-4 is filled with null packets to exhaust the maximum available capacity.
Owner:RPX CORP
Method and device for optical network data transmission
An embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for optical network data transmission. The method includes slicing a data frame of STM-1 (synchronous transport module level 1) type or STS-1 (synchronous transport signal level 1) to obtain a plurality of cells equal in length; and performing cross scheduling to the cells serving as cross grain size. The data frame of the STM-1 type or the STS-1 type is sliced to obtain the cells equal in length, and the cells serve as cross grain size to perform cross scheduling, so that a cross board can be shared to allow for unification of cross scheduling, complexity of cross scheduling is lowered and cost is reduced.
Owner:HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
Device for detecting base station of mobile communication network and implementation method thereof
InactiveCN101754257AReduce maintenance costsImprove maintenance efficiencyWireless communicationSERCOS interfaceUser interface
The invention provides a device for detecting the base station of a mobile communication network and an implementation method thereof. The device integrally provided with an RNC (Radio Network Controller) and a CN (Core Network) system comprises a first core processor for processing a user interface and a second core processor used for processing a control interface, wherein the second core processor is provided with an E1 interface circuit and an STM-1 interface circuit; the E1 interface circuit comprises an E1 interface chip connected to an IMA chip; and the STM-1 interface circuit comprises an optical module connected to an optical interface physical module. By using a standard Iub interface to achieve the access of Node B so as to complete the call of an actual mobile phone by matching the Node B before the transmission is not started, the invention can achieve the maintenance, update, configuration and diagnosis of the Node B on a the basis of remote and reduce the maintenance cost.
Owner:张志强 +3
Method to implement two fiber shared protection ring with extra traffic on stm-1/oc-3 interface
A method for protection of data traffic transmitted over 2-fiber shared protection ring on STM-1 / OC-3 interface is provided. Also, the method involves carrying extra traffic in a ring topology for STM-1 / OC-3 interface. This is achieved by fixing the granularity to one of ‘VC12 / VC11 / VC3 / VC12-VC3 / VC11-VC3’ for the STM-1 interface and to one of ‘VT2 / VT1.5 / STS-1’ for the OC-3 interface upfront when the protection is configured on the network element.
Owner:TEJAS NETWORKS
Test method and system of multiple paths of E1 ports for realizing STM-1 interface
The invention discloses a test method and system of multiple paths of E1 ports for realizing an STM-1 interface. The method comprises the following steps of: building one-to-one correspondence relationship between each E1 port on the STM-1 interface at the middle equipment circuit side and N paths of E1 ports at the middle equipment branch circuit side; sequentially connecting N paths of E1 ports at the middle equipment branch circuit side in series, forming a serial connection test passage of N paths of E1 ports, connecting an SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) test instrument, and carrying out butt joint between the STM-1 interface at the middle equipment circuit side with the STM-1 interface of the tested equipment; and simultaneously testing all the E1 ports of the STM-1 interface of the tested equipment by the SDH test instrument through the serial connection test passage of the N paths of E1 ports, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The middle equipment is used for completing the serial connection of multiple paths of E1 ports and the mapping of the E1 ports to the STM-1 interface, the monitoring of each path of E1 port of multiple paths of E1 ports on the STM-1 interface through network management is completed, and the simultaneous test of multiple paths of E1 ports on the STM-1 interface is realized.
Owner:ZTE CORP
Device for delaying phototiming digital transmission net channel payload data
The invention relates to a method for delaying the load data of light synchronous digit transmission network channel, wherein it comprises: a channel de-multiplex module; a channel storage module with synchronous FIFO module, write point control module and read point control module, while the channel storage module is used to store and read the channel load and load instruct of delay channel based on the delay distribution information; a channel multiplex module for multiplexing the non-delay part and the delay channel, based on SDH frame structure multiplex projection theory, to generate new STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, or STM-64 frame of delay channel. The invention supplies needed channel delay data for designing transmission device, to improve the design property of transmission device.
Owner:ZTE CORP
CAS data processing apparatus of STM-1 interface block
InactiveUS6928083B2Eliminate disadvantagesReduce CPU loadTime-division multiplexData switching by path configurationData streamSTM-1
A CAS data processing apparatus of an STM-1 interface block which is capable of processing CAS signaling data in real time is disclosed. The CAS data processing apparatus of the STM-1 interface block preferably includes a plurality of framers, which separately read signaling data streams from 21 E1 links, a CPU, which outputs a start signal in the CAS signaling data processing, a CAS signaling processing unit, which reformats the signaling data streams inputted from the plurality of the framers into report data in order of the each link, and a Common Memory, which stores the report data outputted from the CAS signaling processing unit.
Owner:LG ERICSSON
128*128 channel broadband data signal real time exchange system and exchange method
PendingCN107396214AIncrease transfer rateMultiplex system selection arrangementsError preventionElectricityComplete data
Owner:广东中云海科技有限公司
Transmitter and tributary interface board
InactiveCN1344450AAvoid load concentrationAvoid complicationsTime-division multiplexMultiplexingSTM-1
Multiplexing / de-multiplexing sections (14, 15, 19) are respectively provided on STM-4 substrates (B1, B2), STM-16 substrates (C1 to C3), STM-64 substrates (D1 to D3) to de-multiplex each of an STM-4 signal, STM-16 signal, STM-64 signal from a tributary transmission line (LL) into STM-1 signals. Then, transmission interfaces extending from the respective above substrates to time slot exchanging sections (2-0, 2-1) are all uniformed to STM-1 which is a basic transmission speed in SDH.
Owner:KK TOSHIBA
Physically defined varactor in a CMOS process
A differential varactor is physically defined in a CMOS process using a using the diffusion mask of a polycide gate rather than a P (+) mask, as is commonly used. The differential CMOS varactor may be used in a a phase locked loop (PLL) of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to enable a transceiver to communicate at OC-3 / STM-1 data rates using SONET / SDH signaling formats.
Owner:INTEL CORP
Synchronous digital hierarchy signal transmission method
ActiveCN101860408BSuitable for transmissionImprove bandwidth utilizationTime-division multiplexSTM-1Transmission channel
Owner:重庆光通奥普泰通信技术有限公司
Method and device for optical network data transmission
An embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for optical network data transmission. The method includes slicing a data frame of STM-1 (synchronous transport module level 1) type or STS-1 (synchronous transport signal level 1) to obtain a plurality of cells equal in length; and performing cross scheduling to the cells serving as cross grain size. The data frame of the STM-1 type or the STS-1 type is sliced to obtain the cells equal in length, and the cells serve as cross grain size to perform cross scheduling, so that a cross board can be shared to allow for unification of cross scheduling, complexity of cross scheduling is lowered and cost is reduced.
Owner:HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
Device and method for testing connectivity of 63-path bridge service channel in STM-1
InactiveCN101656742BEasy to testImprove test efficiencyData switching networksTest efficiencyTransceiver
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing the connectivity of a 63-path bridge service channel in an integrated STM-1. The device comprises a first-level Ethernet two-layer switching module, a second-level Ethernet two-layer switching module, a kilomega Ethernet electric port, a microprocessor module, an STM-1 interface processing and Ethernet over E1 and E1 mapping module and an STM-1 optical port. The testing method comprises the following steps: realizing the isolation among 63-path bridge services by a microprocessor via the VLAN function provided by an Ethernet switching chip; carrying out a loopback operation on an STM-1 transceiver optical port by an optical fiber; carrying out packet transceiver statistic by controlling the Ethernet switching chip; and checking thestatistical result of the kilomega Ethernet port data packet transceiver. The device and the method for testing the connectivity of the 63-path bridge service channel in the integrated STM-1 has the advantages of simplifying the testing process and improving the testing efficiency of the 63-path bridge service device in the integrated STM-1, and solving the problems of long test time, large workload and the like while simultaneously detecting whether the 63-path Ethernet service channel is regular and uniquely testing each channel without an expensive Ethernet service tester.
Owner:NANJING PUTIAN NETWORK CO LTD +1
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