The invention discloses an automated design method, device and optimization method applied for a neural network processor. The method comprises the steps that neural network model topological structure configuration files and hardware resource constraint files are obtained, wherein the hardware resource constraint files comprise target circuit area consumption, target circuit power consumption and target circuit working frequency; a neural network processor hardware architecture is generated according to the neural network model topological structure configuration files and the hardware resource constraint files, and hardware architecture description files are generated; according to a neural network model topological structure, the hardware resource constraint files and the hardware architecture description files, modes of data scheduling, storage and calculation are optimized, and corresponding control description files are generated; according to the hardware architecture description files and the control description files, cell libraries meet the design requirements are found in constructed reusable neural network cell libraries, corresponding control logic and a corresponding hardware circuit description language are generated, and the hardware circuit description language is transformed into a hardware circuit.