The invention relates to the technical field of data management, and provides a data distributing and caching method and a data distributing and caching system. The method comprises the following steps of: during the generation of business data or change of business data, increasing node ID (identification) information for each datum according to a preset allocation strategy, and storing the data in a center database; extracting the business data in the center database, and according the node ID information carried by each datum, distributing the data to corresponding node servers; extracting the data distributed to the node from the node server, and synchronizing to the cache of the node; and accessing each user group into a special node, so that a user can access the business data through the node in a caching way. According to the invention, the data with the same category attribution are divided into one group, and according to a distributing process, the business data with the same attribution are distributed to the cache which is accessed by the user recently, and are provided to the business operators, so that the internal memory occupancy of the cache data to the center database can be reduced, and the access speed of the data can be improved.