The application discloses a
surface water quality prediction method based on a self-attention mechanism coupled KAN network, and steps include: S1, integrating multi-source heterogeneous
water environment data of a target basin, pre-
processing and multi-
granularity feature engineering are performed, and a three-dimensional space-time feature
tensor is constructed; S2, a composite
base function library is constructed, and an optimized
base function set is obtained through double sparse screening; S3, the feature
tensor is divided according to three feature channels, a space-time
attention network is constructed, and a global attention weight matrix is calculated; S4, the
base function set and the weight matrix are fused, a KAN network is constructed and is sparsified, and an Att-KAN coupled model is formed; S5, a multi-objective
loss function is established, and the coupled model is optimized and trained in stages; S6,
water quality space-time prediction is completed by inputting pre-processed target data, and attribution analysis and uncertainty evaluation are carried out. The application adopts the above method, fuses the advantages of the self-
attention network and the KAN network, and realizes the unity of
water quality prediction precision and model transparency.