The invention discloses a multi-component structural system distribution optimized design method based on a KS function, which is used for solving the technical problem that the conventional multi-component structural system distribution optimized design method brings large quantities of constraint equations. The invention adopts the technical scheme that all the component interference constraint equations are integrated to one or more constraint equations, and in addition, the integrated constraint equations can satisfy constraint surely. The number of geometry constraint (i.e. constraint equations) in the multi-component structural system distribution optimized design can be greatly reduced. According to the embodiment of the multi-component structural system distribution optimized design of a suspension beam structure, four components are provided, the components 1-4 respectively use 2, 3, 1 and 3 circumcircle affinities, and a design domain edge uses 4 circumcircle affinities; by applying the method of citing reference, 30 constraint equations are needed to be led in, and the optimization can not be performed, while by applying the method, only 2 constraint equations are needed, and the optimization can be performed smoothly.