The invention provides a railway transportation junction population type identification method based on mobile phone signaling data. The method comprises the steps of aiming at the specific city hubs,such as the high-speed railway stations, the railway stations, etc., based on the relationship between the geographic information of a hub station and the service range of an operator base station, obtaining a target hub base station, utilizing the space-time information of the mobile phone signaling data to obtain a user travel track occupying the hub base station; according to the different characteristics of various populations in time and air, and by a logic relationship between each stay point in a travel track chain and the hub base station, identifying and judging the types of different populations, so that the qualitative and quantitative basis is provided for the further analysis and planning of the hub transportation, at the same time, by utilizing the characteristics of large sample size, wide coverage, mature and stable acquisition mode, lower cost and the like of the mobile phone big data, the result accuracy is improved, meanwhile, the process cost is reduced, and the research efficiency is improved.