The invention relates to an oil well maximum yield mode control method based on the stroke ratio and a dynamic control diagram. A ground indicator diagram of an oil well is analyzed, the effective stroke of the oil well is calculated, the change condition of the stroke ratio is analyzed, under the premise that the pump efficiency is as high as possible, a pumping unit is maintained to run at the low frequency, that is, based on the principles of the high pump efficiency and low energy consumption, an intelligent optimization frequency conversion scheme of the oil well is designed, and a frequency conversion control strategy is corrected combined with evaluation results of the dynamic control diagram of the oil well, so that the oil well maintains a reasonable maximum yield model to produce. Under traditional frequency conversion control modes, frequency conversion control of a rod pumping well is still dominated by human decision-making, real-time adjustment of a pumping well is difficult to realize, according to a rod pumping well intelligent frequency conversion control method based on the indicator diagram stroke ratio and the oil well dynamic control diagram, the oil well is optimized and controlled in real time, the oil well is subjected to frequency conversion optimization control while the reservoir potentiality is exerted to the maximum limit, oil extraction energy consumption is lowered, the system efficiency is improved, and the purposes of cost lowering and efficiency improving of production of an oil field are achieved.