566 results about "Decision threshold" patented technology

A system and method for reading memory cells in a multi-level cell memory device. A set of thresholds may be received for reading a current page of the memory cells. The set of threshold may include hard decision thresholds for hard decoding, soft decision thresholds for soft decoding, erase thresholds for erase decoding and/or other combinations of thresholds. The set of thresholds may be divided into a plurality of groups of thresholds. The current page may be simultaneously read using multiple thresholds, where each of the multiple thresholds is divided into a different group of thresholds.

A system and a method for detecting and diagnosing faults in heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment is described. The system comprises a sensor; a classifier modelling a normal behaviour of the HVAC equipment in situ in the installed operation environment, the classifier having a plurality of classifier parameters for computing a classifier score using an input data based on a measured value from the sensor, the plurality of classifier parameters being created during a training phase of the system using the input data during the training phase; and a decision module for comparing the classifier score to a decision threshold, the decision threshold being set during the training phase.

A multilevel optical receiver can comprise a plurality of comparators that generally correspond with the number of levels in a multilevel data stream. Each comparator can be individually controlled and fed a decision threshold in order to decode a multilevel signal. The multilevel optical receiver can generate a statistical characterization of the received symbols in the form of a marginal cumulative distribution function (CDF) or probability density function (pdf). This characterization can be used to produce a set of ε-support estimates from which conditional pdfs are derived for each of the transmission symbols. These conditional pdfs may then be used to determine decision thresholds for decoding the received signal. The conditional pdfs may further be used to continuously estimate the fidelity or error rate of the received signal without the transmission of a testing sequence. The ε-supports may further be used to automatically control the gain on the receiver.

A phase comparison circuit for outputting a phase difference signal indicating a phase difference between a data signal and a clock signal is disclosed. The disclosed phase comparison circuit includes: a detection part for outputting a plurality of signals indicating phases of the data signal according to different decision threshold levels; a phase comparison part for outputting phase difference signals each indicating a phase difference between a signal in the plurality of signals output from the detection part and the clock signal; and a control part for determining whether to output a particular phase difference signal in the phase difference signals by using the whole or a part of the phase deference signals.

The variable transmissivity window system comprises a camera for detecting light from a light source, a transmissivity control unit for controlling the transmissivity of light passed through the windshield, and a transmissivity modifying unit for modifying the transmissivity of each of blocks into which the windshield is divided. The camera calculates light source information including the direction, size and intensity of the light source. The transmissivity control unit calculates a position of the windshield block for the transmissivity to be modified, a range of the position thereof for the transmissivity to be modified, and a value for the transmissivity. The imaging unit decides whether or not the light source gives glare to the occupant, and when the imaging unit decides that the light source gives glare to the occupant, the imaging unit changes a glare decision threshold according to an ambient light level outside the vehicle.

The invention discloses a multi-band structure self-adaptive filter switching method for AEC (acoustic echo cancellation). Firstly, a far-end voice signal is acquired; a voice endpoint is detected, and a VAD (voice activity detection) flag bit and an improved envelope decision threshold are output; the voice signal is fed into a loudspeaker to serve as a desired signal and also input into a self-adaptive filter; the self-adaptive filter adopts a switchable multi-band structure and a corresponding self-adaptive algorithm, parameters of the filter are adjusted by use of the least mean square criterion according to feedback information, and the optimal solution is obtained. According to the provided switching method, voice characteristics are considered sufficiently under the condition that steady maladjustment is guaranteed, and optimized configuration of the convergence rate and the algorithm complexity is realized while advantages of the algorithm in the convergence rate are utilized. During actual application of echo cancellation, a single algorithm does not easily meet various variable demands. The variable switching algorithm provides more probability for a user and has great significance in application of self-adaptive echo cancellation.

System and methods for improved uplink signal detection where when a mobile device detects signaling indicating the presence of a packet for that mobile device from a network node, the mobile device may transmit one or more NACKs in a sub-frame before the one in which the mobile device would transmit the normal ACK/NACK for the packet. Additionally, the mobile device may transmit one or more NACKs in the sub-frame immediately following the normal ACK/NACK for a packet (unless a packet was transmitted in the immediately following sub-frame and successfully decoded by the mobile device, in which case an ACK would obviously be transmitted). Therefore, extra uplink (UL) interference is eliminated. Moreover, the amount that a network node must offset its ACK/NACK decision threshold is significantly reduced. This results in a reduction of required ACK power by a mobile device.

Disclosed is a data regeneration circuit including a decision gate for regenerating a symbol stream (e.g., bit stream) by comparing the amplitude of individual symbols thereof to a decision threshold and outputting a logic level in accordance with each comparison. Threshold optimization circuitry dynamically measures first and second probability distribution points of each symbol, and based on the measurements, optimizes the decision threshold applied to the decision gate. A parallel pseudoerror path including a pseudoerror decision gate and pseudoerror counter may be employed to facilitate the measurements.

A data regenerator is provided which contains a clock regenerator which includes a phase comparator and a clock generator and obtains a sampling clock signal from an input signal, and two sampling devices, a measurement and a sampling device. In both sampling devices, it is possible to adjust the decision threshold and the sampling instants separately. The function of the clock regenerator is not impaired as a result of this. The bit-by-bit comparison of the sampled binary signals yields comparison values which are fed to a controller. The controller determines the optimum decision threshold and the optimum sampling instant from the comparison values.

Methods for detecting the presence or absence of ice or liquid water on surfaces are provided. In a first embodiment of the invention, a reflectance spectrum from a surface to be tested is measured using any suitable near-infrared optical system. The midpoint wavelength of the transition or step of the measured reflectance spectrum near 1.4 microns is calculated, and compared to a decision threshold wavelength. If the midpoint wavelength is less than the decision threshold wavelength, the presence of liquid water on the surface is indicated. If the midpoint wavelength is greater than the decision threshold wavelength, the presence of ice is indicated on the surface. In a second embodiment of the invention, at least three reflectance levels are measured at three wavelengths, and a dimensionless decision function is applied to the measured reflectance levels. Output of the decision function is compared to at least two pre-defined ranges. If the output is within a first range, the presence of liquid water on the surface is indicated. If the output is within a second range, the presence of ice on the surface is indicated. If the output is between the pre-defined ranges, the absence of ice or water on the surface is indicated.

This invention discloses a base station switching method including: setting the automatic repeat request L1 cache in the media access control layer of base station and the L2 one in the Packet Data Access Gateway convergence protocol layer, and installing the switching preparation and decision threshold in the measurement module. When the measurement report from source base station to judge user' s equipment reaches the switching preparation threshold, it maintains the synchronization of two-level cache. When the measurement report reaches the switching decision threshold, it sends to the target base station the protocol data unit of packet data convergence protocol layer in L2 cache, and carries completing signs on the final packet. The target base station receives the above data unit in the L1 cache, and deals with them to be media accessing to the control layer protocol data unit. After completing the corresponding treatments, the target station requires to access Gateway to carry switching operation.

The invention discloses a traffic conflict simulation two-stage parameter calibrating method, which comprises the following steps of: calibrating parameters in traffic simulation software (VISSIM) influencing traffic running at a first stage; and calibrating a simulation conflict decision threshold value in conflict analysis software (SSAM) at a second stage. On the basis of the conventional traffic simulation model parameter calibrating method, the two-stage parameter calibrating method oriented to traffic conflict simulation is provided, so that the defect of low conflict simulation accuracy existing in the conventional parameter calibrating method is overcome; and the method has practical engineering use value on the aspect of safety research of a traffic design scheme by using microscopic simulation software.

The invention discloses a measurement reporting method and a measurement reporting device. The method includes that a mobile station receives measurement configuration information issued by a source base station and performs measurement according to the measurement configuration information; the mobile station determines current movement speed thereof and determines an event trigger decision threshold corresponding to the current movement speed according to the current movement speed and an event trigger decision threshold included in the measurement configuration information; and the mobile station performs measurement reporting according to a measurement result and the event trigger decision threshold corresponding to the current movement speed. By the aid of the measurement reporting method and the measurement reporting device, the event trigger decision threshold of measurement reporting of the mobile station can be flexibly adjusted according to the movement speed, so that measurement reporting time of mobile stations at different movement speeds is determined more reasonably.

An optical receiver includes: a converting unit that converts an optical signal into an electrical signal; an amplifying unit that amplifies the electrical signal; a regenerating unit that regenerates the amplified electrical signal; a correcting unit that performs correction of an error included in the regenerated electrical signal; a monitoring unit that performs monitoring of an optical current flowing through the converting unit; and a control unit that calculates a decision threshold based on a result of the correction and a result of the monitoring.

A method for performing a fault estimation based on residuals of detected signals includes: determining an operating regime based on a plurality of parameters; extracting predetermined noise standard deviations of the residuals corresponding to said operating regime and scaling the residuals; calculating a magnitude of a measurement vector of the scaled residuals and comparing the magnitude to a decision threshold value; extracting a mean direction and a fault level mapping for each of a plurality of fault types, based on the operating regime; calculating a projection of the measurement vector onto the mean direction of each of the plurality of fault types; determining a fault type based on which projection is maximum; and mapping the projection to a continuous-valued fault level using a lookup table.

An optical receiver configuration and method of controlling an optical signal receiver adjusts a decision threshold to reduce the bit error rate (BER). The receiver includes a comparator having a data input and a digital data output. An error detection & correction circuit provides an error signal representative of the number of corrected “1”s and “0”s in the data output from the comparator. Based on the error signal, a control circuit modifies the comparator decision threshold in a direction to reduce the BER of the receiver. Dynamic modification of the decision threshold may also be accomplished. A total percentage error indicator is preferably used as the basis of changing the decision threshold value. The total percentage error indicator may be used to variably adjust the decision threshold by an amount that varies according to the magnitude of the total percentage error indicator to thereby more quickly arrive at an acceptable decision threshold and prevent overshoot. A searching method may also be used to determine the usable range of the comparator before tuning the decision threshold.

The invention relates to a frame synchronization method for an OFDM system, which comprises the following steps: (a) carrying out self-correlation operation on a received signal sequence to obtain self-correlation results corr_auto (k); (b) selecting points at two sides of the peak value equal to a preset self-correlation decision threshold threshold_auto, respectively remarking the two points ask1 and k2, and finding the middle point k3 of the k1 and k2; (c) carrying out subsection cross-correlation operation on a signal sequence arranged between (k3-kfix) and (k3+kfix) and a local synchronous signal sequence, normalizing the result to obtain a normalized subsection cross-correlation result corr_cross(k), wherein the kfix is slightly larger than haft of the maximum multi-path time delay; and (d) taking the first peak point of subsection cross-correlation decision threshold threshold_cross in the subsection cross-correlation result corr_cross(k), adjusting the position of the received signal sequence according to the initial position of the frame, and outputting the received signal after synchronization. In the invention, the frame synchronization method not only can work in multi-path channel, but also can fight against larger carrier frequency offset.

The invention provides a method for switching a terminal among heterogeneous hierarchical distributing type base stations, comprising the steps: the terminal reports the measurement of a signal of a macrocell and the measurement of a signal of a microcell to a network; the network judges whether the terminal needs to be switched among the distributing type base stations or not according to the measurement reported by the terminal and a preset decision threshold; if the terminal needs to be switched among the distributing type base stations, the network confirms a duplex mode after terminal switch according to an available frequency spectrum resource of the target base station; the network transmits a switching control command to the terminal and carries the duplex mode after switch; and the terminal is switched according to the switching control command transmitted by the network. By using the invention, the terminal can be freely switched among the heterogeneous hierarchical distributing type base stations according to the use condition and a terminal state of network resources.

A ground detection apparatus for electric automobile having a high-voltage DC power supply (31) which is electrically insulated from a body and a three-phase AC motor (33) which is driven by a DC voltage from the high-voltage DC power supply. A ground detection signal consisting of a square waveform is supplied to the DC power supply circuit through a detection resistor and a coupling capacitor, a voltage amplitude of a ground detection point serving as a connection point between the detection resistor (3) and the coupling capacitor (4) is detected, the detected voltage amplitude is converted into an insulation resistance on the basis of the relationship between a preset voltage amplitude and a preset insulation resistance, and levels of insulation resistance deterioration of the high-voltage DC power supply are detected by comparing the converted insulation resistance with a preset ground decision threshold value.

The invention discloses a recognition-based access network selecting method, mainly used for solving the problems that the switching between networks is frequent and the utilization of network resources is unreasonable because the mobility of a user in a wireless local area network and a present load condition of a network are not comprehensively considered in a conventional method. The method comprises the following steps: utilizing a honeycomb network to periodically forecast the number of users requesting access in a honeycomb cell and a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) cell and an overall distribution status of mobility of the users in the WLAN cell; with an optimal network property as a target, calculating an optimal access decision threshold; and when a new service request is in the WLAN cell, comparing a shift-out probability of the users with a selecting decision threshold of an access network by the honeycomb network and informing the users of selecting a corresponding network for access according to a comparing result. The method is adapted to the change of a network environment, the switching frequency between the honeycomb network and the WLAN network is reduced and a network throughput is increased.

A hostile detector for interception of time-hopped ultra-wide band (TH-UWB) impulse radio transmissions. Synchronization of the hostile detector to the transmitter is not assumed. The detector includes respective parallel matched filters applied to respective time-delayed portions of the TH UWB impulse radio signal. Each time-delayed portion has a duration corresponding to the duration of the pulses. The parallel matched filters provide respective analog output signals. A function selects one of the respective analog output signals that is a maximum among the respective analog output signals. An analog-to-digital converter digitizes the selected one of the respective analog output signals to provide a digitized output signal. A polyphase finite impulse response (FIR) filter is applied to the digitized output signal. A transmission is detected in case the output of the polyphase FIR filter exceeds a decision threshold, which is based on a false alarm rate.

A method for carrying out switching in radio mobile communication system includes obtaining signal transmission parameter value of mobile terminal and dynamically regulating decision threshold of switch when it is confirmed that said signal transmission parameter value is satisfied to preset condition, carrying out switch decision and switch course of mobile terminal according to regulated decision threshold of switch.

The invention discloses a long-distance line type wireless sensor network cross-layer communication method. The long-distance line type wireless sensor network cross-layer communication method includes the following steps that: at first, a wireless sensor network adopts a double-chain topologic structure, and each aggregation node only communicates with two sensor nodes; and then, the aggregation nodes perform whole-network periodic time synchronization; and finally, the sensor nodes synchronously perform periodic monitoring and sleep, wherein the periodic monitoring and sleep includes a monitoring phase and a sleep stage, in the monitoring phase, the sensor nodes compete time slot deployment of the whole-network sensor nodes through transmitting time slot deployment requests, and in the sleep stage, the sensor nodes perform data transmission according to the time slot deployment of the sensor nodes their own. According to the long-distance line type wireless sensor network cross-layer communication method of the invention, the characteristics of the long-distance line type wireless sensor network are considered; a cross-layer design method is adopted, and communication decision threshold and time slot deployment modes are adopted in combination, and therefore, the network can be more suitable for cross-layer protocols; and the problem of long time delay caused by periodical monitoring and sleep can be solved.