The invention discloses a high voltage cable state monitoring system based on a protection earth box and a realization method by using the same. The monitoring system comprises a high frequency current partial discharge collection unit, a cable middle joint ultrasonic wave partial discharge, a cable middle joint optical fiber temperature measurement unit, an earth box state monitoring unit, a gas detection unit, an environment temperature-humidity detection unit, a water level alarm unit, an ARM processor unit, a wireless GPRS module and a remote monitoring main station; and the monitoring method comprises steps of reading monitoring data and performing judgment and alarming on monitored data. The high voltage cable state monitoring system based on the protection earth box and the realization method can evaluate and diagnose the monitored data, greatly save resources and improves operation efficiency.