A coating density ultrasonic measurement method based on sound pressure reflection coefficient phase spectrum, belongs to the field of material ultrasonic non-destructive inspection and assessment technique, which uses a spike pulse ultrasonic waterlogging focusing echo system composed of an ultrasonic flaw analyzer, an ultrasonic spike pulse waterlogging focusing probe, a coating sample, a flume, a digital oscilloscope and a computer. First, the system is used to collect one aliasing signal comprising a coating surface sampling signal reflection signal and a matrix boundary reflection signals, then the system is used to collect a surface echo signal of a standardized block, FFT transformation is respectively performed on the collected sample signal and the standardized signal, data of a real part and an imaginary part are obtained, finally coating density is computed. Ultrasound of 1-20 MHz is used to measure the coating density, also is extendible to measure density of homogeneous coating or heterogeneous coating. The invention is not restricted by the material and uniformity, the device is simple, operation is strong, cost is low, practicality is easy, measurement accuracy is high, repeatability is good.