2442results about "Specific gravity measurement" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing, solves the problems of insufficient flaw detection precision and adaptability of a metal component caused by restriction in the prior art, and particularly discloses a flaw detection system and method for the metal component. The flaw detection system comprises a multi-modal sensor group, a cross-modal feature alignment module, a self-adaptive weight distribution module, a defect decision module and a closed-loop control unit, the flaw detection method comprises the following steps: S100, synchronously acquiring data through the multi-mode sensor group; s200, performing space-time registration on the multi-source data of the metal component by using the dynamic calibration matrix; s300, evaluating the confidence coefficient of the sensor in real time, and generating a defect feature map; s400, inputting the defect feature map into a defect classification network, matching a defect map database, and outputting a defect type and a quantization parameter; and S500, automatically adjusting the detection motion track and the sensor according to the defect parameters. According to the multi-method combined detection for the metal component, the detection precision is improved, and a detection result with higher accuracy can be obtained through comprehensive evaluation according to multi-source data.

The invention relates to the technical field of material detection, in particular to a building engineering material detection method and system. The method comprises the following steps: performing multi-area scanning on a building decoration wall coating through an ultrasonic scanner to obtain a wall coating sound wave data set, identifying non-uniform distribution of coating texture, then calculating density distribution difference of an inner coating and an outer coating between layers according to the coating texture data, and further performing quantitative simulation on water resistance permeation loss to obtain the water resistance permeation loss of the building decoration wall coating. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring water-resistant permeation loss data, then inferring a permeation mechanism periodic aging process of the coating on the basis of the water-resistant permeation loss data, detecting the tolerance performance of a coating material in combination with permeation mechanism aging data, acquiring material tolerance performance data, and comprehensively evaluating the quality and durability of the coating. According to the invention, the detection technology is optimized, so that the detection technology is more perfect.

The invention relates to the technical field of corn kernel quality detection, in particular to a corn kernel quality detection model construction method and system based on multi-source data fusion, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, multi-source data collection: collecting apparent morphology data of corn kernels through a multi-spectral imaging device, synchronously utilizing a near-infrared spectrometer to obtain spectral data of internal components of the corn kernels, and measuring structural density characteristic data of the corn kernels in combination with a sonic sensor; s2, multi-modal feature construction: forming a multi-modal feature matrix; s3, dynamic weighted fusion: generating a mixed feature vector; s4, constructing a dual-channel neural network: constructing a dual-channel deep neural network based on the generated mixed feature vector; and S5, model compression and deployment optimization: generating a lightweight detection model suitable for the embedded device. According to the invention, multiple requirements of an agricultural field on real-time performance, precision and deployment flexibility are met.

The invention relates to a roadbed compaction quality detection method and system based on multi-dimensional data, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining sensor data of a roller of a road roller in real time, and obtaining pavement images and positioning data of a plurality of continuous time points; when the road surface is flattened, the roadbed structure is gradually stable, so that the corresponding pressure data and vibration data are gradually stable. By analyzing the stability of the pressure data and the vibration data, the stability of the pressure data and the vibration data is determined. According to the method, vibration data, stable data and temperature data of a road section at a stable time point are extracted, and then a target data reference range corresponding to a corresponding temperature grade and a roadbed material is found from a pre-constructed data model, so that the target data reference range can verify the vibration data and the stable data at the stable time point; therefore, whether the road roller performs the road rolling operation in a reasonable range or not is judged. In addition, the road surface is detected by using the road surface image.

The invention discloses a multi-modal intelligent wood defect detection and performance evaluation system and a detection and evaluation method, which integrate multiple sensing technologies and deep learning algorithms to realize wood defect detection and quality evaluation. The system comprises a wood transmission module, a multi-modal data acquisition module, an information processing module and an intelligent grading module, and surface and internal characteristics of wood are obtained through visible light, infrared, near-infrared, ultrasonic and microwave sensors. A feature pyramid network (FPN) and an instance segmentation technology are utilized to accurately identify defects such as cracks, wormholes, knot scars and the like, and ARIMA and LSTM models are combined to predict the moisture content, so that the quality evaluation precision is improved. The method can intelligently classify wood, improves the detection efficiency, and is suitable for the fields of wood processing, furniture manufacturing and the like.

The invention provides a pole piece detection method, a detection device, detection equipment and a storage medium. The pole piece detection method comprises the following steps: acquiring first detection data corresponding to a composite coating on a pole piece irradiated by a first light beam and second detection data corresponding to the composite coating irradiated by a second light beam; based on the first detection data and the second detection data, determining the proportion of a target component in the composite coating; determining the surface density of the composite coating based on the second detection data; determining the surface density of the target component based on the proportion of the target component and the surface density of the composite coating; the correlation coefficient between the absorption coefficient of the first light beam and the atomic number is larger than the correlation coefficient between the absorption coefficient of the second light beam and the atomic number. Based on the mode, the surface density of the target component in the composite coating can be determined.

Globally our environment comprises structures built to perform a meet different requirements including residential, commercial, retail, recreational and service infrastructure. Whilst, millions of tons of construction materials are deployed annually the quality control procedures in many instances have not changed to reflect today's demands. Accordingly, it would be beneficial to provide construction companies, engineering companies, infrastructure owners, regulators, etc. with means to automated testing / characterization of construction materials during at least one of its manufacture, deployment in construction and subsequent infrastructure life. It would be further beneficial for such automated methods to exploit self-contained data acquisition / logging modules allowing them to be employed with ease at the different points in the life cycle of a construction material and / or construction project.

The method for detecting the comprehensive working performance of the fresh concrete provided by the invention comprises the following steps: pouring the fresh concrete into a certain channel in a detection container which is provided with a plurality of channels and the bottoms of which are communicated with one another, and detecting the comprehensive working performance of the fresh concrete when the liquid level height of the fresh concrete in each channel is kept unchanged, measuring the liquid level height of the concrete in each channel and detecting the quality of the concrete in the container; a discharging opening in the bottom of the detection container is opened, the concrete in the detection container is discharged by means of self weight, in the discharging process, the mass of the discharged concrete or the discharging flow speed of the concrete is measured, and after discharging is completed, a concrete discharging mass-time curve or a concrete discharging flow speed-time curve is obtained; according to a measurement result, a series of indexes including the fluidity, viscosity, uniformity and apparent density of the concrete are obtained through arrangement and conversion and serve as a comprehensive evaluation result of the working performance of the fresh concrete. According to the method, multiple working performance indexes of the concrete can be given at a time, and mutual complementary interpretation can be carried out.

The invention provides a submarine sedimentary environment dynamic change characteristic inversion method based on three-phase potential. The method comprises the steps of in-situ data processing, electrical signal calibration, mathematical model establishment and dynamic change analysis. A seabed electrode array is arranged, signals of natural potential, resistivity, oxidation-reduction potential and the like are collected in real time, and seabed sedimentary environment characteristics such as seabed interface position, suspended particle concentration, sediment density, porosity, water content and the like are deduced by adopting an inversion algorithm. The method is combined with multi-frequency signal analysis, and can monitor seabed sedimentary environment changes in real time, identify sediment movement and the like. Compared with the prior art such as CN118153411B and CN110411923B, more abundant inversion contents are covered, the monitoring precision and efficiency are improved through the complementarity of potential signals, and higher adaptability and reliability are achieved. The method has low equipment and maintenance cost, is suitable for large-range and long-term monitoring, and can provide an innovative solution in the fields of deep sea monitoring, environment evaluation, resource exploration and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of asphalt performance analysis, in particular to a method for detecting and analyzing physical properties of polymer modified asphalt. According to the invention, the collected asphalt sample is subjected to pretreatment means of vacuum degassing, multi-angle image bubble monitoring and constant-speed stirring, the uniformity of the asphalt sample is judged according to physical state parameters at different positions, the reliability of subsequent detection data is further improved, and a plurality of uniformly-divided target asphalt samples are respectively placed in the constant-temperature containers; the method comprises the following steps: recording the heat conduction temperature of each target asphalt sample at different monitoring points in a constant-temperature water bath in real time, carrying out penetration detection on each target asphalt sample after the sample reaches heat balance, carrying out penetration index analysis according to the incidence relation between the temperature and the penetration, and evaluating the physical properties of the polymer modified asphalt based on the penetration index. The penetration data under different temperature gradients can be accurately obtained, the physical properties of the polymer modified asphalt can be comprehensively and accurately evaluated, and a reliable basis is provided for engineering quality control.

The invention provides an on-line monitoring system for comprehensive working performance of concrete. The on-line monitoring system comprises a concrete drainage device located on a concrete conveying line of a mixing station and a construction bin surface; the detection container is used for collecting concrete and detecting the working performance, and a plurality of detection channels of which the bottoms are communicated with one another are arranged in the detection container; the gate group is used for controlling connection and disconnection of concrete among the passages; the sensing unit is used for measuring the quality of the concrete in the detection container and the liquid level height of the concrete in each detection channel; the data processing and equipment control terminal is used for controlling the gate group, calculating a series of indexes of the concrete according to the data measured by the sensing unit, taking the indexes as detection results, performing abnormal alarm on the detection results, storing and sending the measured data and the detection results; and the cloud platform communicates with the data processing and equipment control terminal. According to the invention, on-line in-situ monitoring, rapid evaluation and alarm feedback of various working performances of concrete can be realized under the condition that on-site pouring construction is not influenced.

The invention is suitable for the technical field of logging lithology identification, and provides a logging lithology identification method based on physical information constraint, which comprises the following steps: step 1, data processing; 2, constructing a graph; step 3, constructing a graph attention neural network; 4, constructing a mixed loss function; and 5, lithology prediction. According to the method, through the synergistic effect of data driving and physical information, the performance is obviously superior to that of various pure data driving models. Benefited from the strong regularization effect of physical constraints, the method has stronger generalization ability and prediction stability on new data. The problem that a traditional black box model may generate a result violating physical common knowledge is fundamentally solved, and the geologic rationality of an output result is ensured.

The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical property testing, and particularly discloses and provides a coal rock sample mechanical property intelligent testing system and method.The coal rock sample mechanical property intelligent testing system comprises a consistency verification module, a test piece dividing module, a density testing module, a triaxial testing module and a report generating module; standardized screening is carried out on the size, morphology and structural integrity of the test piece, physical characteristics are ensured to be unified, individual difference interference is avoided, then density and triaxial testing are integrated, density, triaxial compressive strength and shear strength parameters are synchronously obtained, a multi-dimensional data system is constructed, the problem that in the prior art, parameters are single is solved, and the test efficiency is improved. The method comprehensively supports comprehensive evaluation of coal rock mechanical properties, and meanwhile, by outputting a structured report containing a measured value, an adaptive threshold value, a judgment result and an unqualified item and clearly marking the unqualified item, the limitation that manual secondary processing is needed in the prior art is solved, seamless connection of testing, evaluation and engineering application is achieved, and the engineering application value is improved.

The invention provides a photoacoustic measurement method and device, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the photoacoustic measurement of a to-be-measured object through a photoacoustic measurement device, and extracting a reference value of a physical parameter of each film material according to an obtained reflectivity change signal; further acquiring a reflectivity change simulation signal based on the reference value of the physical parameter of the material so as to acquire a simulation value of the physical parameter of each film material; and performing weighted correction on the reference value by the simulation value to obtain a fitting value of the physical parameter of each film layer material. The fitting value of the physical parameter of each film layer material obtained by the technical scheme of the invention can reflect the change of the physical parameter of the material in the actual film layer growth process of the object to be measured, has higher accuracy as the initial value of the physical parameter of the simulation model, and is beneficial to optimizing the efficiency and precision of photoacoustic measurement of the thickness of the film layer.

The invention discloses a micro-water density monitoring method and system based on multi-sensor fusion compensation, and relates to the field of power equipment safety. According to the micro-water density monitoring method based on multi-sensor fusion compensation, parameters are collected in real time through a micro-water collector composed of a ceramic heater, a humidity-sensitive capacitor collection sheet, a dew point sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; a signal conditioning circuit and an analog-to-digital conversion module are integrated by adopting a four-layer PCB (Printed Circuit Board), and the micro-water collector is heated for multiple times by a main controller; carrying out digital filtering processing, cross validation operation and operation of eliminating influence of environment temperature on the acquired parameters; the measurement precision is improved through a sensor self-calibration mechanism, finally standardized micro-water density data are output, and an early warning function is triggered based on a multi-level threshold value. According to the invention, the problems of low precision and poor reliability of the measured micro-water density in the prior art are solved. Therefore, the accuracy of micro-water density measurement under complex working conditions is effectively improved, and data support is provided for predictive maintenance of intelligent equipment.

The invention provides an ultrasonic surface density measuring method, an ultrasonic surface density measuring system and ultrasonic surface density measuring equipment, and relates to the field of ultrasonic measurement. Therefore, real-time signal compensation is carried out on the acquisition point offset caused by the movement of the object to be measured in the use process of the ultrasonic surface density measurement equipment, so that the measurement precision is remarkably improved, and the production efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses an intelligent soil classification automation system and method. Comprising a soil sample pretreatment module used for air drying, stirring and weighing treatment; the soil sample particle size grading screening module is used for carrying out step-by-step screening treatment to obtain a first-stage particle distribution result; the liquid-plastic limit automatic measurement module is used for performing measurement by using a conometer method to obtain a measurement result of the conometer method; the burning measurement module is used for carrying out burning treatment to obtain a corresponding burning measurement result; the densimeter measurement module is used for carrying out particle analysis through a densimeter method to obtain a second-stage particle distribution result; and the control analysis module is used for realizing automatic control of the intelligent soil classification automation system and performing data analysis to obtain the soil sample type and the corresponding optimal solidification method. According to the system disclosed by the invention, the whole-process automation and data processing of soil classification testing are realized, and the soil sample type and the corresponding optimal solidification method can be automatically obtained.

The invention relates to a method and system for determining the water content of a safe shutdown boundary of a submarine mixed transportation pipeline, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out a physical property parameter test, and taking the physical property parameter as a multiphase flow simulation input parameter; carrying out submarine pipeline shutdown simulation on the basis of the physical property parameter test data, and obtaining oil section temperatures and spatial distribution characteristics at different water depth positions in the pipeline; carrying out an oil-water layering characteristic experiment under a temperature control condition to obtain an oil-water emulsion layering characteristic; sampling oil sections with different layer heights in the oil-water layering characteristic experiment, and testing the water content and simulating the yield / slip characteristic at the oil section temperature based on the temperature distribution of the oil sections; according to the yield / slip stress of the oil sections with different layer heights, carrying out segmented calculation and weighted accumulation to obtain an overall starting stress; on the basis of the overall starting stress, the safe shutdown boundary moisture content is determined in combination with pressure boundary conditions. The method can effectively guide the safe transportation stopping and restarting of the submarine pipeline, optimizes the replacement operation after the transportation stopping of the submarine pipeline, and improves the operation safety and economy.

The invention discloses a soil nitrogen leaching capacity monitoring method based on a frequency domain reflectometry, and relates to the technical field of soil water environment monitoring, in particular to a nitrogen leaching online monitoring method based on the frequency domain reflectometry (FDR), the Darcy law and a Van Genuchten (VG) model. And a monitoring method with high precision and sensitivity, multi-parameter synchronous detection and low cost is provided for the soil nitrogen leaching capacity. Comprising the following steps: 1, collecting and pretreating a soil sample; 2, placing the treated soil sample in a soil experiment cylinder; 3, inserting the multi-parameter sensors into the soil experiment cylinder in a layered manner; 4, 1000 ml of water is injected, and data acquisition is carried out; and 5, realizing soil nitrogen leaching capacity monitoring in combination with a Darcy law and a VG model.

The invention discloses a device for testing the penetration depth of wellbore fluid into a reservoir. The device mainly solves the problem that data obtained by a testing technology and method in the prior art cannot truly and effectively reflect the actual well bottom working condition. The device comprises a double-core holder, a formation pressure simulation mechanism, a formation temperature simulation mechanism, a liquid circulation mechanism and a flow measurement mechanism which are respectively connected with the double-core holder through pipelines, and a data processing mechanism for receiving and processing data information in the double-core holder. By means of the scheme, the working conditions and reservoir environments under different construction operation conditions in the oil-gas exploration and development process can be simulated, and the depth of shaft liquid invading the reservoir is continuously measured through microwaves; the method provides a basis for optimization of wellbore fluid performance and system optimization, and selection and design of engineering processes such as drilling parameters, well completion modes, reservoir transformation technologies, reservoir protection technologies and the like, and has high practical value and popularization value.

The invention discloses a method for estimating barite ore density by using BaSO4 content, and relates to the technical field of ore density detection, and the method comprises the following steps: collecting a barite ore sample, and pre-treating the barite ore sample; based on the pretreated barite ore sample, component analysis is carried out through an X-ray fluorescence spectrum technology, and the BaSO4 content is obtained; measuring the pretreated barite ore sample through an experimental measurement method to obtain the dynamic density of the barite ore sample; based on the BaSO4 content and the dynamic density of the barite ore sample, a corrected density value is obtained through a nonlinear weighting method; constructing a density detection model based on the random forest model; and based on the corrected density value and the BaSO4 content, obtaining an ore density detection value through a density detection model. According to the method, the BaSO4 content and the dynamic density of the ore are combined, the corrected density value is obtained through the nonlinear weighting method, and the accuracy, reliability and efficiency of density detection are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of connection structure testing, in particular to a bridge deck slab dry joint connection structure testing method which comprises the following steps: preparing a bridge deck slab test piece containing a steel structure embedded dry joint; building a testing device, and arranging strain, displacement and pressure sensors in a dry joint area; carrying out a graded loading test, including static loading to 1.5 times of the designed bearing capacity and dynamic cyclic loading; an environment simulation test is carried out, and repeated loading is carried out in a temperature and humidity circulation box simulation environment; data are evaluated through a multi-source data fusion optimization algorithm model, and indexes such as flexural rigidity and shear rigidity are calculated; in addition, a construction stage simulation test is added, and the alignment deviation and the filling compactness of the components are monitored. According to the method, the structural performance can be comprehensively evaluated, key indexes can be accurately evaluated, durability degradation can be scientifically predicted, construction simulation is innovated, test conditions are guaranteed to be consistent, visualization and verification are achieved, and the problem of limitation of a traditional test method is effectively solved.

The invention discloses an icing monitoring method, device and equipment based on real-time wind speed and a medium, and relates to the field of power system monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: determining the influence of a current wind load component on the tension of a wire based on the current wind speed, and obtaining the change of the tension of the wire caused by pure icing based on the influence; according to the wire tension change and the current environment temperature and humidity, conducting wire icing thickness and conducting wire icing density are obtained through inversion, and theoretical wire tension is obtained through the conducting wire icing thickness and the conducting wire icing density; determining a target residual error between the theoretical wire tension and the current actual wire tension, if the target residual error is not in a preset residual error range, updating the current inversion parameter and skipping to the step of determining the influence of the current wind load component on the wire tension based on the current wind speed until the target residual error is in the preset residual error range, and obtaining a target result; and determining whether to trigger an alarm based on the target result. According to the invention, the interference of the dynamic wind speed on the wire tension is eliminated, and the precision and real-time performance of icing monitoring are improved.

The invention provides a multi-parameter density micro-water sensor and a measuring method, and particularly relates to the technical field of environment monitoring sensors, and the sensor comprises a housing, a power supply module, a sensor module and a wireless communication module. The shell is composed of a top shell and a bottom shell, a mounting cavity in vertical layered layout is formed, and the bottom shell is embedded into a to-be-detected medium pipeline. A power supply module, a wireless communication module and a sensor module are arranged in the mounting cavity from top to bottom. The power supply module comprises a solar panel and a storage battery, and dual-mode power supply is achieved. The sensor module comprises a density sensor probe, a micro-water sensor probe, a temperature sensor probe and a pressure sensor probe which are arranged in the independent cavities respectively, and the inner walls are covered with conductive material coatings and separated through insulating partition plates. According to the sensor, through the layered shielding structure and the independent cavity design, electromagnetic and physical interference during integration of multiple sensors is reduced, the measurement precision and the equipment reliability are improved, and the microminiaturization characteristic is maintained.

A method of monitoring a condition prevailing inside a piping system with respect to an impairment due to accretion, abrasion or corrosion caused by fluid(s) flowing through the piping system is disclosed, comprising the steps of: installing at least two measurement devices susceptible to an impairment and configured to measure variables indicative of the impairment; wherein the measured variables include at least two variables exhibiting a different dependency on the impairment; continuously recording data including time series of measured values of the variables measured; based on training data included in the data determining a dynamic reference behavior of the variables corresponding to time dependent distributions of values of the variables to be expected of the measured values when the measurement devices are unimpaired; repeatedly determining a deviation between a monitored behavior of the measured values of the variables and the reference behavior.

The invention relates to the technical field of equipment for pulp molding production and processing, and particularly discloses a pulp feeding device for pulp molding production, which comprises a conveying pipeline and a worm wheel flowmeter arranged on the left side of the conveying pipeline; the density monitoring mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of the conveying pipeline; the water conveying pipe is arranged on the right side of the top end of the outer wall of the conveying pipeline; the paper pulp conveying pipe is arranged on the right side of the bottom end of the outer wall of the conveying pipeline, and an inner cavity of the paper pulp conveying pipe communicates with an inner cavity of the conveying pipeline. The device can realize real-time monitoring of the fiber density in the paper pulp feeding process, not only can effectively monitor the paper pulp quality, timely adjust production parameters and ensure that the paper pulp fiber density is maintained in an optimal range, but also can remarkably improve the consistency and reliability of paper pulp molded products, reduce the rejection rate caused by improper fiber density, and improve the production efficiency. Further, the production process is optimized, and the production cost is reduced.

The invention discloses powder tap density testing equipment, and relates to the field of performance detection. The transferring mechanism comprises a rotating frame which is arranged on the workbench and rotates around the axis of the rotating frame, a supporting frame which moves in the length direction and the vertical direction of the rotating frame is arranged below the rotating frame, a detachable mounting frame is arranged in the supporting frame, a plurality of supporting blocks are arranged in the mounting frame in a rectangular array mode, and first through holes are formed in the supporting blocks. A feeding pipe and a material carrying pipe are arranged at the two ends of the first through hole correspondingly, and the upper end of the material carrying pipe is located in the first through hole; the vibrating mechanism comprises a vibrating frame which is mounted on the workbench, is arranged in a self-vibrating manner and is used for placing the mounting frame; and the weighing mechanism comprises a bearing frame arranged on one side of the vibration mechanism, a plurality of bearing parts are arranged on the bearing frame in a rectangular array mode and used for containing the material carrying pipes, and weight detection modules are arranged at the bottoms of the bearing parts and used for weighing the material carrying pipes. The device can automatically transfer the material loading pipe, reduces the possibility of powder attachment, and improves the detection efficiency while ensuring the precision.

The utility model discloses an extrusion device for graphite felt testing, which is characterized by comprising a bottom plate for placing a water tank, a mounting seat and a limiting seat are arranged on the bottom plate, and a pressing handle is hinged above the mounting seat; the device further comprises a latticed extrusion plate, a connecting rod is arranged above the extrusion plate, and the upper end of the connecting rod is hinged to the pressing handle. And a limiting rod matched with the limiting seat is also arranged on the pressing handle. According to the structure disclosed by the utility model, through the arrangement of the limiting device, the compression ratio of the extrusion plate to the graphite felt is effectively controlled, and the graphite felt cannot be damaged on the premise of ensuring that the graphite felt is fully extruded. In addition, according to the scheme, the treatment efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity and the material consumption are reduced.

The invention discloses a liquid weight non-contact measurement method, and relates to the technical field of container measurement, and the liquid weight non-contact measurement method comprises the steps: measuring the temperature information of a solution in a container; measuring the reflected signal intensity of the solution in the container under the temperature information; acquiring density information of the solution in the container according to the temperature information and the reflected signal intensity; measuring volume information of the solution in the container; and calculating weight information of the solution in the container according to the volume information and the density information. According to the technical scheme, the density of the solution can be measured only by measuring the temperature information of the solution in the container, sending the signal waves to the solution in the container through the transceiver and depending on the intensity of the reflected signals returned by the signal waves, complete non-contact measurement is achieved, pollution is avoided, and the measurement accuracy is improved. And the density of the solution stored in the container for a long time can be monitored.

A round baler includes a bale size sensor operable to detect a radial size of a bale during formation thereof, a bale weight sensor operable to detect a weight of a completed bale, and a location sensor operable to determine a respective field origin location of the crop material gathered for each respective one of a plurality of radial layers of the bale. A controller calculates a density of a completed bale with data from the bale weight sensor and the bale size sensor. The controller determines a volume of a respective one of the radial layers during formation of a current bale, subsequent to the completed bale, with data from the bale size sensor. The controller may then estimate a density of the respective one of the radial layers based on the volume of the respective one of the radial layers, and the density of the previously completed bale.