186results about "Liquid dispersion analysis" patented technology

Items of mail are rapidly processed in a mail sampling system to determine if the mail is contaminated with a chemical or biological agent. The mail sampling system maintains a negative pressure in a containment chamber and includes a triggering sampler that makes a threshold determination regarding possible contamination, and a detecting sampler that obtains a sample for more detailed analysis in response to a signal from the triggering sampler. A sample of particulates collected from an item of mail is either removed for analysis or analyzed in the system to identify a contaminating agent. Optionally, the system includes an archiving sampler, which archives samples for subsequent processing and analysis, and a decontamination system, which is activated to decontaminate the mail if needed.

Airborne particles are impacted on a collection surface, analyzed, and then the collection surface is regenerated. Thus, the same collection surface can be used in numerous cycles. The analysis can be focused on one or more properties of interest, such as the concentration of airborne biologicals. Sensors based on regenerative collection surfaces may be incorporated in many networks for applications such as building automation.

A diagnostic device is disclosed for characterisation of particles from a patient's airways, such as a lung, when ventilated by a ventilator, and/or for control thereof, comprising a particle detecting unit configured to be connected to a conduit for passing expiration fluid from said patient, for obtaining data related to particles being exhaled from said patient's airways.

The invention discloses an on-line detection system and method for the droplet deposition during spraying operation of equipment for plant protection. The system is composed of a data processing module, a data collector, a temperature sensor, a spatial interdigital capacitance sensor, a communication module, a positioning module, a power supply module, a control end and other parts. The inventionprovides the spatial interdigital capacitance sensor with a three-dimensional structure, and the spatial interdigital capacitance sensor can output voltage data which is in direct proportion to the droplet deposition. The invention provides the specific method and steps for droplet deposition parameter detection. The method comprises the steps that the data processing module of the on-line detection system for the droplet deposition obtains the voltage data through the data collector and processes the voltage data output by the spatial interdigital capacitance sensor, and the voltage data is transmitted to the control end through the communication module. The detection system and method have the function of detecting the droplet deposition parameter during the spraying operation of the equipment for plant protection, and has the advantages of being high in adaptability, quick in response, high in detection precision and the like, and a reliable reference is provided for regulation andcontrol over the spraying operation of the equipment for plant protection.

A system and method involve transmitting, using an optical device, a plurality of optical pulses into an atmospheric propagation channel towards a target object. Using an imaging device, more than one optical signals and an image of the target object are detected from the atmospheric propagation channel. The optical signals are produced by interaction between the transmitted optical pulses and the atmospheric propagation channel and include elastic backscatter return signals, inelastic backscatter return signals, and polarization signals. A processor simultaneously processes the elastic and inelastic backscatter return signals, the polarization signals, and information contained within the image of the target to determine estimates of one or more physical parameters of the atmospheric propagation channel. The processor uses machine learning algorithms to enhance/restore the image of the target, to perform pattern-recognition and classification of the target, and to extract additional atmospheric propagation channel physical characteristics.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for collecting and analyzing bioaerosols, including exhaled breath aerosol from a subject. The collection system comprises an inlet portion configured to receive a gaseous fluid containing water vapor and aerosol particles. A primary passage for gaseous fluid flow is in fluid communication with the inlet portion and configured to channel the gaseous fluid flow therethrough. An outlet portion is in fluid communication with the primary passage. A sample collection region is provided, which is configured to receive from the outlet portion aerosol particles from the gaseous fluid, wherein the aerosol particles are impacted onto a layer of ice.

To measure property-specific distributions like surface area and mass concentrations, in a particle field that attenuates light passing therethrough, such as a spray or aerosol, a probe beam having a suitably selected wavelength is directed into and thereby caused to interact with the particle field. Light produced by this interaction is detected by sensors separated a distance from the beam. Extinction of the probe as it propagates through the particle field is quantified by determining the amount of light exiting the field in comparison with the amount of light entering the field. The property specific concentrations are determined from the light detected by the sensors after correcting for the extinction of the beam as well as attenuation of the light traveling the distance from the beam to the sensors. The light produced by the interaction of the probe with the particle field may include scattering, fluorescence, or both. Further, methods enable the user to determine the mass and surface area distributions of a spray or aerosol by traversing a single laser beam through the ensemble of particles to be investigated.

The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering model tests, and aims to provide a three-dimensional visualization testing device and method for particle seepage migration based on a trace method. A model casing of the device comprises an upstream liquid level tank, a downstream liquid outlet tank and a model landfill tank; transparent soil particles doped with trace particles inside the model landfill tank is prepared into a dam foundation model, and a dam foundation model is piled and formed at the upper part; and a water bath circulating system consists of a circulating pump,a water bath box, a buffer tank and a plurality of pipelines. The device also comprises the water bath circulating system consisting of the circulating pump, the water bath box, the buffer tank and the pipelines, and a loop is formed by the model box, the buffer tank and the water bath box; and at least two groups of CCD cameras connected to a computer through signal lines respectively are arranged on two sides of the model box respectively. The device effectively solves the problems that a traditional trace particle method is difficult to apply with transparent soil model tests, the occurrence position of particle migration is difficult to capture, the hole fluid refractive index and the glutinousness can change along with temperature and a hole fluid is circulated.

The present invention relates to the field of hydrogeological research, and discloses a simulation multi-gap assembled medium tunnel seepage test method, first, a model boundary and a tunnel simulation device are produced, the model boundary is filled with a multi-gap assembled medium with same equivalent seepage characteristics as tunnel surrounding natural rock and soil, in the filling process, the tunnel simulation device with a water outlet port is placed in the multi-gap assembled medium; both sides of the model boundary are respectively provided with water grooves with water overflow ports, the water grooves and the model boundary are in internal communication by water inlet pipes, vertical and horizontal piezometric tubes are arranged in the model, the bottoms of the water grooves and the model boundary are respectively provided with first and second water discharge ports, the tunnel simulation device simulates the whole process of tunnel excavation and lining brick processing, and water outlet amount of the water outlet port, water discharge amount of the second water discharge port, and water level elevation changes of the vertical and horizontal piezometric tubes at a corresponding moment can be recorded in the process, so that the groundwater dynamic movement rules before and after tunnel excavation and changes of water flowing into the tunnel over time can be researched.

In one aspect, methods of determining a size distribution of water droplets in a cloud are described herein. In some embodiments, a method of determining a size distribution of water droplets in a cloud comprises sampling a depth of the cloud with a beam of electromagnetic radiation, measuring a scattering signal of the electromagnetic radiation returned from the cloud over a range of field of view angles to provide a measured scattering curve [p_total(θ)], removing a portion of the measured scattering curve, replacing the removed portion with an extrapolation of the remaining measured scattering curve to provide an estimated scattering curve, and determining a first estimate droplet size distribution [n⁽¹⁾(D)] from the estimated scattering curve.

Apparatus (1) for generating acknowledged flow (Q), comprising a first passage (2) with ends (3,4) for acknowledged flow (Q) inlet and outlet, a discharge electrode (5) for generating airborne unipolar ions (8) positioned inside the first passage (2), a counter electrode (6) adapted to attract said airborne ions (8), thereby being adapted to cause a net flow (7) of airborne ions (8) and thereby generating an airflow (Q) in the direction of the net flow of airborne ions (8), sensing element (12, 13) , the output of which is a function of the concentration of the airborne electric charge (8, 11), means (17) for switching or modulating a parameter which affects the output of the sensing element (12,13) and means for determining the volumetric flow (Q) on the basis of the time response which switching or modulation creates to the sensing element (12,13) output. 11. Use of apparatus (1) as described in the previous claims for determining ultrafine particle concentration. Process for generating acknowledged flow.

The invention relates to the technical field of fire protection and discloses a system and method for measuring a wind resistance parameter of water mist. The system comprises a nozzle connected with a water pipe, wherein the other end of the water pipe is connected with a water tank through a water pressure source; at least two first testers with the same model are deployed on a jet path of the nozzle to measure droplet diameters and droplet velocity of the water mist on different sections; the first testers are connected with a data processing terminal; the data processing terminal is also connected to a second tester for testing water pressure of output water; and an air supply device is also deployed on the jet path of the nozzle. The corresponding measurement method comprises the following steps executed by the data processing terminals: measuring the water pressure of the water pipe through the second testers, and obtaining the droplet diameters and the droplet velocity of the water mist of at least two sections through at least two first testers with the same model deployed on the jet path; and carrying out corresponding data processing according to the water pressure water and the droplet diameters and the droplet velocity of the water mist of different sections.

The invention relates to a multi-scale heat transport synchronous monitoring test system and test method and a thermal dispersion scale effect test method. The system comprises a sand column component, a flow path assembly and a temperature sensing unit. The sand column component includes a plurality of columns filled with standard particle size porous media to simulate different aquifer structures, the sand column wall surface is a vacuum heat insulating layer formed by concentric organic glass cylinder nesting, and temperature sensors pass through the inner and outer cylindrical walls and an air layer; the flow path assembly includes a constant temperature and constant pressure control device, an instantaneous flow guide device and a drainage mechanism, the flow path assembly controls the constant temperature and constant pressure boundary conditions of the test system, the instantaneous flow guide device realizes synchronous instantaneous infiltration of fluid, and the drainage mechanism can acquire the fluid permeation flow at different periods of time; and the temperature sensing unit realizes high frequency automatic acquisition of temperature at different detection points. According to the invention, the multi-scale heat transport synchronous monitoring system can carry out semi-infinite one-dimensional convection-dispersion test of porous media with different particle size and spatial scales.

The invention relates to a test device for simulating diffusion and migration of in-situ pyrolysis pollutants in underground water, and belongs to the technical field of pyrolysis reaction pollutant diffusion and migration. The test device comprises a hydraulic pressure simulation system, a ground temperature and ground stress simulation system and a pollutant diffusion and migration simulation system, wherein the hydraulic pressure simulation system consists of gas, a gas pressure boosting pump, a pressure regulating valve, a pressure gauge, a gas inlet valve, a water box, a water supplementing valve and a water inlet valve; the ground temperature and ground stress simulation system consists of a constant temperature box, a servo pressure machine and a pressure sensor; the pollutant diffusion and migration simulation system comprises a water box, a pyrolysis rock layer carrying table, a penetrating fluid box, an adjacent permeable layer carrying table, a liquid discharging valve, a liquid collector and a water supplementing valve. The test device overcomes the defects that the existing test device is in a nonrestraint state, test pieces are not loaded; the ground temperature environment and the underground water flowing state are not emphasized. The feasibility test study on diffusion and migration of in-situ pyrolysis pollutants such as oil shale and low metamorphic coal in underground water being hundreds of meters away from the ground can be performed.

The invention discloses dispersion test equipment suitable for low-permeability soil. The dispersion test equipment comprises a water pressure chamber and a permeameter chamber for accommodating a testing earth-pillar; the water pressure chamber communicates with a pressurizing chamber; the permeameter chamber is arranged in the water pressure chamber and comprises a top disc of the permeameter chamber, a bottom disc of the permeameter chamber and a cylindrical flexible side wall, wherein the top disc of the permeameter chamber and the bottom disc of the permeameter chamber are hermetically connected to two ends of the flexible side wall, separately; and the bottom disc of the permeameter chamber is connected to a tracer agent injection assembly, and the top disc of the permeameter chamber is connected to a tracer agent collecting and detecting assembly. The dispersion test equipment disclosed by the invention has the advantages that under the water pressure action of the water pressure chamber, the testing earth-pillar is tightly wrapped by the flexible side wall, so that side wall permeation caused by a gap between the testing earth-pillar and the flexible side wall is avoided; meanwhile, the testing earth-pillar is kept in a tight state by means of the water pressure, and is unlikely to break.

The invention discloses an experiment device capable of uniformly distributing water and simulating water-rock interaction. Leaching liquid in a liquid supply bottle is leached to a spiral water distributor in a soil column body through a water inlet pipe and is transmitted to other annular water grooves through communicating a flow guide groove of the annular water groove with the smallest radius; the leaching liquid is uniformly leached into soil filled into the soil column body through small holes formed in the annular water grooves; a leaching water sample passing through the soil column body is transmitted into a spiral water distributor in a rock core column body through a filtrate sharp guide pipe and is leached into rocks filled into the rock core column body; an atmospheric precipitation vertical flow direction uniform infiltration and leaching process is simulated; the flow direction of a bedding rock layer is also realized in the simulation process and a flowing condition ofunderground water also can be accurately simulated; the simulation device is simple in structure; the volumes of the soil column body and the rock core column body are relatively small and a few of materials are needed; the cost of the simulation process is extremely reduced.

The invention provides a method for measuring unsaturated soil hydrodynamic parameters by using a pressure plate/pressure film effluent process. The method comprises the following steps of measuring a water characteristic curve, diffusivity and hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil, and specifically comprises the following steps of preparing a soil sample: a disturbance soil sample or a non-disturbance soil sample; connecting a measuring device, by adjusting an air compressor for compression, controlling the pressure level, and then adjusting the pressure to be sent to an extractor; when adjusting the pressure, recording time, recording the total displacement after realizing stability and obtaining the water characteristic curve; further, through a 'multi-step method' and a 'one-step method', measuring the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity of the soil under continuous pressure change and selective pressure conditions, so that synchronous measurement of all the unsaturated soil hydrodynamic parameters is realized. The method provided by the invention can more accurately predict the movement of unsaturated soil moisture and provide the support for realizing accurate measurement of agricultural production and ecology.

A system and method for controlling steam based on a determination of steam quality include a steam conduit defining an interior volume of steam, an emitter for first and second coherent light beams, a receiver for signals resulting from an interference pattern of the first and second coherent light beams after refraction from a droplet in the steam at a convergence point, and a processor to determine steam quality based on the signals. There can be more than one receiver to account for phase differences related to droplet shape and size. The steam quality is also assessed by measuring droplet velocity by frequency of the interference patterns, and steam vapor and the refraction element of the scattering from the liquid droplet by absorption spectroscopy. The system can be utilized with on-line and real time measurements for on-line and real time determinations of steam quality.

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil-gas separation test experiments in an oil and gas gathering and transportation system, and superficially relates to a foam fluid performance and defoaming separation effect test experimental apparatus and a method. The experimental apparatus comprises a foam generation module for generating foam fluid, an experiment loop for transporting the foamfluid and making the foam fluid fully develop in the loop, a foam performance test module for testing foam fluid performance, a foam separation processing module for separating the foam from the fluid and the gas, and a defoaming result evaluation module for testing and evaluating a defoaming result. In the method provided by the invention, the foam generation module internally generates different foam fluid, the foam fluid is transported to the foam performance test module and the different foam separation processing module through the experiment loop, and by the foam performance test moduleand the defoaming result evaluation module connected with the foam separation processing module, foam performance and the defoaming separation effect of the foam fluid can be measured.

The invention provides a periodic returning seepage experiment device and a periodic returning seepage experiment method. The device comprises a first GDS controller, a second GDS controller and a pressure chamber used for storing a soil sample, wherein a top cover is connected with the upper end of the pressure chamber; a piece of filter paper is arranged between the soil sample and the top cover; a pressure-bearing platform is connected with the lower end of the pressure chamber; an upper connecting pipe is arranged on the top cover; a through hole is formed in the pressure-bearing platform; the diameter of the through hole is smaller than the diameter of an inner wall of the pressure chamber; a flow guide chamber is connected with the lower end of the pressure-bearing platform; a lower connecting pipe is connected with an outlet of the flow guide chamber; a first guide pipe is connected with the lower connecting pipe; the upper connecting pipe is connected with the first GDS controller through a guide pipe; the first guide pipe is connected with the second GDS controller; a first valve is arranged on the upper connecting pipe; a second valve is connected with the first guide pipe. The device is used for simulating the soil seepage on the bank slope of a reservoir when the water level rises and falls through a returning seepage test. A measuring cylinder is arranged for collecting the lost fine particles, so that the loss condition of the soil grains in the test can be conveniently known and the soil grains can be taken out and measured. A dial indicator is arranged for monitoring the settlement deformation of a soil sample in a periodic returning seepage process in real time.

A spray sizer is provided that can measure the average droplet size in a spray. The spray sizer first separates a section of the spray for measurement. This section of the spray is passed through an optical droplet counter and the number of the droplets is measured while the droplets are collected after counting. The volume of the collected droplets is determined and it is divided by the total number of the droplets. This provides and average droplet diameter for the spray.

The invention discloses a source item estimation method for conventional explosion radioactive aerosol diffusion. The method comprises the following steps that: aiming at radioactive substance groundconventional explosion, estimating explosion equivalent; on the basis of the explosion equivalent, estimating the size of explosion smoke cloud, wherein the size of explosion smoke cloud comprises theheight of the explosion smoke cloud, the radius of the explosion smoke cloud, the volume of the explosion smoke cloud and the density of the explosion smoke cloud, estimating the generation portion and the aerosol partial size distribution of the explosion radioactive aerosol, estimating the influence of the effect of heavy gas on the source item, and setting a nuclide to which needs to be paid attention by an explosion event. By use of the method, the explosion equivalent, the mass of explosive substances, local wind speed and the like are taken as bases, the size of the smoke cloud, the generation portion of the explosive aerosol, the aerosol partial size distribution and the influence of the effect of heavy gas on the source item are comprehensively considered, a source item estimationmethod is formed so as to conform to practical situations, and an effect is superior to a point source diffusion model.