510 results about "Soil column" patented technology

In general, the purpose of the probe system is to provide improved rapid field methods using re-designed direct push technology (DPT) and “push-pull testing” concepts to evaluate in situ chemical, biochemical, surfactant, adsorptive media, and leaching and fixation remediation technologies for hazardous subsurface contaminant(s). The probe system and methods described here when applied to a hazardous waste site being considered for in situ remediation of contaminants (organic or inorganic) by the listed treatment technologies will yield information that greatly reduces the uncertainty with regards to treatment effectiveness for the in situ soil, groundwater, and contaminant(s) conditions affecting dosage requirements and reaction rate(s) for various reactants. The probe system described here is multi-purpose in that it was designed: 1) to measure the relative permeability of the subsurface soil and groundwater to a liquid or gas ejectant, 2) to recover soil gas, soil, or groundwater samples for contaminant analyses, 3) to measure the chemical dosage and reaction, dissolution, adsorption, desorption, leaching, or fixation rate of a reactant such as a chemical or biochemical oxidant, metallic or bimetallic dehalogenating agent, surfactant or emulsifier solution, adsorbent media regenerant, leaching or fixation reagent that is injected into the matrix and withdrawn during a push-pull test, 4) to perform combinations of the above, 5) to measure the in situ adsorption capacity of adsorbent media and subsequently measure the effectiveness of regenerant(s) for the adsorbent media, and (6) to measure the effectiveness of a treated soil column for inorganic contaminant(s) leaching or fixation. In addition to being an in situ remedial alternatives evaluation tool, the probe system can be used as a reactant(s) delivery device after the specific remedial technology has been selected.

An apparatus and method for detecting selected chemical compounds or elements is presented. A sensor array is exposed to one or more odors, for example. The outputs of the sensor constitute input to a pattern recognition system. Embodiments of the invention can also be trained for detecting odors in a soil column, for detecting odors associated with different varieties of food such as coffee beans, and for detecting odors associated with substantially any odorant.

The invention discloses a simulation regulation and control system and method of the percolation performance of an aeration zone of a river or a lake and relates to the technical field of research on water and soil resources and environmental engineering. The system comprises a seepage control device, an aeration zone simulation device, an underground water level regulation and control device anda data monitoring system, wherein the seepage control device comprises a seepage control column and a regulation column; the upper layer of the regulation column is connected with the seepage controlcolumn through a flange plate, and the lower layer of the regulation column is connected with the aeration zone simulation device through a water supply pipeline and a peristaltic pump; the aeration zone simulation device comprises a plurality of soil columns connected in series, and the underground water level regulation and control device comprises an underground water supply Markov bottle and an underground water balancing device which are connected through an underground water supplementing pipeline, and the underground water balancing device is connected with the aeration zone simulationdevice through the underground water supplementing pipeline. By adopting the system and the method, the hierarchical accurate simulation of a layered soil structure is realized, the accurate monitoring of the percolation performance of the aeration zone of the river or the lake is realized, and the simulation precision of the different types of layered soil is greatly improved.

The invention relates to a soil auger for an undisturbed bisect soil column of filed soil, which comprises a power device, an undisturbed soil inner cylinder, a helical outer cylinder and soil cutting devices. The power device is positioned on the top of the soil auger; the power device, the undisturbed soil inner cylinder and the helical outer cylinder are arranged concentrically up and down. A fixing sleeve for the undisturbed soil inner cylinder on a fixed shaft on the lower part of a direction-changing gear case of the power device is coupled to the undisturbed soil inner cylinder. The undisturbed soil inner cylinder is arranged in the helical outer cylinder, and downwards passes through a shield bearing on the lower part of an inner wall of the helical outer cylinder; and two parallel sheet helixes are welded on the outer wall of helical outer cylinder; two helical soil scrapers are welded at the bottoms of the two parallel sheet helixes; and a set of soil cutting device is arranged at the opposite positions of the outer wall of helical outer cylinder respectively. The soil auger has the advantages of simple structure, simple and convenient operation and convenient carrying, is suitable for field survey, observation and sampling related to soil, guarantees the undisturbed performance and the representativeness of the soil, reduces the working capacity, avoids damaging the soil sample environment, and has the advantages of wide application, accuracy and high efficiency.

The invention relates to a method for simulating oil solute transport in a laboratory. The method comprises the following devices: a soil pillar fixing ring, an overflow groove, a universal quick connector, an argil plate, a permeable filter membrane, a universal adjusting pin, a sampling bottle, an air exhaust tube, a branch head, a buffer bottle, an adjustable negative-pressure pump, a data acquisition controller, a signal cable, a sampling bottle, a soil solution sampler, a transparent PVC (polyvinyl chloride) soil pillar and a soil three-parameter sensor. By controlling the change of soil water potential in the soil pillar and promoting the soil solute transport, the method realizes quick observation on the process of the soil solute transport, provides a parameter optimization means for establishing a soil solute transport model, shortens the test period, improves the test precision, ensures more scientific and reliable study results, and provides a test calibration tool for experimental study on liquidity of soil water, energy balance, migration of soil pollutants and the like.

The invention discloses a device and a method for testing a soil-water characteristic curve of sandy soil. The testing device comprises a cylinder soil column test die, a water supplementing system, awater sensor, a water acquiring system and a data analyzing and processing system, wherein the water supplementing system carries out uniform water supplementation by simulating underground water andcan maintain the water supplementing level; the water sensor detects the water in a soil sample of the sandy soil to be tested in real time; the water acquiring system is connected with the water sensor; and the data analyzing and processing system makes the soil-water characteristic curve according to an analyzing result of the water acquiring system through internal processing operation. The testing method comprises the following steps: 1 preparing the soil sample of the sandy soil; 2 charging in a die; 3 supplementing water, detecting the water content in the soil column of the sandy soilin fixed time and transmitting detected data to the data analyzing and processing system; and 4 when the water content in the soil column of the sandy soil is in a stable state, and making the soil-water characteristic curve by the data analyzing and processing system. The invention has simple and reasonable structure and convenient use and operation and can effectively solve the practical problems of high test difficulty and inaccurate test result of the prior device for testing the soil-water characteristic curve.

The invention discloses a double-layered cylinder wall soil pillar soil sampler, which includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder that are mutually nested and spliced, wherein spirally arranged guiding ribs are arranged at the bottom on the outer wall of the outer cylinder; axial positioning parts mutually matched are arranged at the top parts of the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder; the inner cylinder is provided with an extending part extending out of the top end of the outer cylinder; and an inner cylinder handle is fixed on the extending part. The soil sampler has a simple structure, and is convenient to use, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are jointly rotated and drilled underground, the inner cylinder is drawn out to obtain the soil pillar of a soil sampler, and then the outer cylinder is screwed out in the reverse direction; the splicing fit of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder reduces the resistance when the soil sampler is inserted in and drawn out, so as to reduce the dissipation of the soil sampler and prolong the service life of the soil sampler, and a soil pillar sample at a specific depth in the soil can be accurately obtained as per calibrations of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder.

The invention relates to an improvement method for soil of a saline and alkaline land. The improvement method mainly comprises the following treatment steps of: carrying out on-site investigation on a plot to be improved; taking a water sample; carrying out soil sample analysis; carrying out water sample analysis; designing an improving scheme; carrying out an indoor leaching test: fully mixing and stirring a soil bulking agent, a chemical amendment and raw soil, filling a soil column with the mixture and watering the soil column to conduct a leaching experiment, wherein the soil bulking agent is added in an amount of 5-20% by volume of the saline-alkaline soil; the chemical amendment is added in an amount of 0.5kg/m2 to 5kg/m2 based on the volume fo the saline-alkaline soil; uniformly stirring the soil bulking agent, the chemical amendment and the saline and alkaline soil according to the ratio; setting a salt eliminating trench; burying a salt eliminating device; carrying out water irrigation and salt elimination; and testing the physical and chemical indexes of leaching water and soil. The invention provides the improvement method for soil of the saline and alkaline land. On the premise of not replacing soil, by virtue of adding the saline and alkaline soil amendment and after operations of engineering stirring and water irrigation and salt elimination, the saline and alkaline land is thoroughly improved, so that the saline and alkaline land can be used for agricultural production or afforestation of city.

The invention provides a multi-section earth-pillar for simulating soil in a petroleum hydrocarbon polluted aeration zone. The multi-section earth-pillar at least comprises a base, a rotatable earth-pillar device, a sampling and sample-measuring device and a leaching device, wherein the rotatable earth-pillar device is arranged and fixed on the base; the leaching device is arranged on the top of the rotatable earth-pillar device, wherein the rotatable earth-pillar device comprises three or more rotatable earth-pillar units, a compact gauze element, an organic glass plate A with holes and a sample-collecting cavity of a sand-core funnel; the leaching device comprises a peristaltic pump, a glass rotator flow meter, an organic glass plate B with holes, a top cover and a rubber tube; the sampling and sample-measuring device comprises a sampling unit and a sample-measuring unit, wherein sampling heads which are arranged in the rotatable earth-pillar units are arranged on the sampling unit; and the sample-measuring unit is connected with the sampling unit and used for detecting the samples taken out by the sampling unit. The multi-section earth-pillar provided by the invention solves the defects in the prior art, can automatically sample in a quantitative manner, can get the soil in a layered manner to measure the content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil, and also can reduce the influence of sampling on the flow fields.

The invention discloses a soil column leaching device, which comprises a device body; the upper part of the device body is a leaching area, the lower part of the device body is a filtrate filtration area; the top of the device body is provided with an externally-connected type water distributor, the leaching area is communicated with a filtrate collecting area through a sieve and a porous plate; the leaching area is, from top to bottom, sequentially divided into a buffer layer, a surface soil layer, a subsoil layer, a fine quartz sand layer and a coarse quartz sand layer, and adjacent layers are respectively separated by at least one layers of sieve; the surface soil layer and the subsoil layer are respectively provided with a plurality of sampling ports; the filtrate collecting area includes a filter layer at the upper end and a filtrate collector at the bottom end, a downward-extending part of the top part of the filtrate collecting area is used as a support frame, the filter layer is positioned below the porous plate, the filtrate collector is located just below the filter layer, the filter layer is communicated with the device body through the porous plate and the sieve. The beneficial effects of the soil column leaching device are that: soil stratified sampling can be performed without segmentation of the device; by arrangement of the externally-connected type water distributor and the filtrate collecting area, water distribution is uniform, and solid-liquid separation can be achieved, and the soil column leaching device is convenient for experiment analysis.

The invention provides a multi-state undisturbed soil column infiltration simulation system and an unsaturated osmotic coefficient determination method. The simulation system comprises a bottom member, one or more soil column experiment standard members which are connected onto the bottom member and a multi-strength rainfall infiltration device arranged at the top of the soil column experiment standard members; a soil filling member of the simulation system is composed of a plurality of standard members and is automatically controlled by a computer; the determination of a rainfall infiltration coefficient and an osmotic coefficient is realized based on the system and testing steps and a calculation method are provided; in a determination process, a large-diameter undisturbed soil column is used for an indoor experiment and the multi-strength rainfall infiltration device is used for simulating three types of strength rainfall infiltration boundary conditions, such as low-strength rainfall whole infiltration boundary condition, a middle-strength rainfall radial flowing infiltration boundary condition and a high-strength rainfall stable infiltration boundary condition; and the multi-state undisturbed soil column infiltration simulation system has the characteristics of strong practicability, good utilization effect and convenience for popularization and utilization.

The invention discloses a soil column simulation experiment device aiming at reclaimed soil and coal ash matrix in a mining area. The soil column simulation experiment device comprises a transparent column body, a plurality of flange disks, a movable plate, a stainless steel wire gauze, a base disk, a bracket and an underground water level simulation component, wherein the base disk is fixed at one end of the column body; the bracket is connected with the base disk; the column body has a multi-section structure and consists of a plurality of sub column bodies; two adjacent sub column bodies are fixedly connected by one of the flange disks; the movable plate and the stainless steel wire gauze are accommodated in a groove of the flange disk close to the bottom; and the underground water level simulation component is connected to the bottom of the base disk. The soil column simulation experiment device has the advantages that when capillary water rises, experiments such as soil water and salt movement under an atmosphere rainfall condition, soil water and salt movement under an evaporation condition and soil water and salt movement under an underground water level change control condition can be simulated; and the water and salt movement in the coal ash matrix of the reclaimed soil filled by the mining area coal ash can be dynamically observed through the device, so that a reclaiming mode suitable for crop growth can be found out.

The invention relates to a method for soil-column seedling culture and transplanting afforestation, wherein the transplanting afforestation method comprises the following steps of preparing soil-column blocks, using the soil-column blocks to cultivate tree/shrub seedlings and transplanting soil-column-block seedlings on site. The method can avoid the damage of bare-rooted seedling transplantation to tree root systems, as well as the problem of root-system coiling problem caused by container seedling transplantation, can enable transplanted seedlings to form root-system forms similar to self-generated trees so as to improve the survival rate of the seedlings and the adaptability of the seedlings to new environments, can avoid the destruction of fish-scale pits and other traditional afforestation methods to ground surface, and can reduce soil wind erosion. The method can be used for general flat-land afforestation, as well as slope-land, sandy-land and wasteland afforestation, and has obvious social, economic and ecological benefits.

The invention discloses an experimental device for simulating water-salt movement of inland saline-alkali land and a method for screening different salt isolation measures and different coverage measures for preventing salt returning of the saline-alkali land by the experimental device. The experimental device comprises a soil column, a Marriotte bottle, an evaporation control box, a reverse filter layer and moisture, salt and temperature sensors. The soil column is filled with to-be-tested soil mass of the saline-alkali land, the Marriotte bottle is communicated with the lower portion of the soil column to supply water to the soil mass, the evaporation control box is mounted at the top end of the soil column, the reverse filter layer is arranged at the bottom of the soil column, and the moisture, the salt and the temperature sensors are mounted on side walls of the soil column. The experimental device is simple in structure and easy in operation and control of experimental conditions and can be used for laboratory simulation of various experiments such as influences of different measures on soil salinity movement of the saline-alkali land and influences of underground water level on water-salt movement of inland saline-alkali land, measurement results are accurate, and reliable basic data and technical support are provided for inland saline-alkali forestation.

The invention relates to a triaxial test method for shear strength property of a weak layer, a test device adopts a triaxial shear instrument, and test purposes are realized through the specific test sample preparation method: (1) test sample preparation-1: cutting a soil column on an undisturbed soil sample containing the weak layer along an included angle of 45 degrees in the vertical direction; (2) test sample preparation-2: cutting the soil column into the stipulated diameter; (3) taking out of a test sample: leveling two ends by cutting according to the stipulated height and weighing; and taking remaining oil for determining water content; (4) test sample saturation; (5) testing; and (6) data analysis: taking normal stress sigma as horizontal coordinate, and taking shear stress tau as vertical coordinate; taking an inclination angle of a connected straight line of positive stress sigma n and failure shear stress tau n () obtained under different ambient pressure conditions as an internal friction angle phi, and taking intercept on a longitudinal axial on the straight line as cohesive strength C; and obtaining the test result. By adopting the special soil sample preparation method and the analysis method, the uniformity of the shear stress and strain on the weak layer can be ensured and the main problems during testing of a direct shear apparatus can be effectively solved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant root system detection, and provides an automatic plant root system monitoring system. Under the premise of not injuring the original plants, the growing states of root systems can directly viewed through organic glass soil columns, a plant root system monitoring subsystem acquires the soil moisture, temperatures and plant evaporation capabilities of a variety of plant root systems and data and images as plant root system growth parameters in real time, dynamically and in all weathers, a plant root system and leaf analysis subsystem carries out analysis on the plant root system images and the leaf images, and investigates the relation between the growth of the leaves and the growth of the root systems, and the moisture, nutrient, temperature and microbial indexes of rhizosphere soil can be monitored and sampled by observing openable small windows on the organic glass soil columns, so that the determination and analysis of various physiological and biochemical indexes and a root-cutting experiment can be carried out. The automatic plant root system monitoring system reduces errors produced by a single large field experiment, provides powerful data sources for more in-depth researches, and has the advantages of little risk, easy maintenance, wide application range and high operability.

The invention discloses an earth pillar simulation device based on a soil water and salt transport rule. The device comprises an earth pillar, sampling holes, an upper Marriott bottle, an infrared lamp, a liquid infusion box, a lower Marriott bottle, a first control valve, a second control valve and an iron support, wherein the iron support is provided with a second base and a first base which are vertical to each other; the earth pillar is arranged on the first base of the iron support; a plurality of sampling holes are respectively and uniformly distributed along different radial directions of the earth pillar around the periphery of the outer wall of the earth pillar; the bottom end and top end of the earth pillar are respectively connected with the bottom end of the lower Marriott bottle and the bottom end of the upper Marriott bottle; the top end of the lower Marriott bottle is connected with a first bottom end of the liquid infusion box through the first control valve; the liquid infusion box is arranged on the second base of the iron support; the second bottom end is connected with the top end of the upper Marriott bottle through the second control valve; and the infrared lamp is fixed on the top end of the iron support. According to the earth pillar simulation device, the simulation test functions can be expanded, and the simulation test cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a device for measuring soil water movement and a soil structure. A water supply part comprises a water supply tank, a plug, a valve and a Mahalanobis bottle. The water tank is communicated with the Mahalanobis bottle through a pipeline. The top of the Mahalanobis bottle is provided with a first through hole. The plug is arranged at the position of the first through hole. The valve is arranged at the lower part of the Mahalanobis bottle. A testing soil column comprises an upper cover and a body. The top part of the upper cover is provided with a second through hole. Thesecond through hole is connected with the valve through a pipeline. A glass screen is arranged inside the body. The lower part of the glass screen is provided with filter paper. The lower part of thebody is provided with a water outlet. The side wall of the body is provided with a third through hole. A soil moisture sensor is arranged at the position of the third through hole. The soil moisture sensor is connected to an acquisition device through a lead wire. A data acquisition part comprises the acquisition device, an X-ray machine and a computer. Output ends of the acquisition device and the X-ray machine are connected to an input port of the computer. The invention also discloses a method for measuring the soil water movement and the soil structure.

The invention discloses a method for determining the process of plant roots absorbing soil moisture content. The method adopts a detachable earth column with plants inside; a soil humidity sounding pipe is arranged in the middle of the earth column, and the earth column is arranged in field earth pit; the vertical distribution of plant roots density can be acquired through stratified earth collection, roots washing and roots screening by regularly detaching the earth column; the actual plant transpiration is acquired through timed weighing, and the earth column is weighed at least one time a day. According to related theory principle and experimental data determined actually and accurately, and by combining susceptibility factors such as transpiration rate, roots density distribution, soil water potential, soil water content, unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity and according to mass conservation, the roots water adsorption function of transpiration on the soil profile of the root zone distributed according to a certain weight factor is determined, profile distribution of roots water adsorption rate is figured out by adopting roots water adsorption rate reverse method and numerical value iteration to determine the parameter of empirical function, thereby achieving the determination of the process of roots absorbing water.

The invention discloses a one-dimensional soil column frost heave deformation tester, the one-dimensional soil column frost heave deformation tester comprises an organic glass mould for containing a one-dimensional cylindrical soil column, a circulator for soil column frost heaving through refrigeration, a test device for soil column frost heave deformation in the frost heaving process, a monitoring device for real-time monitoring of internal temperature change of a soil sample along the soil column height change in the refrigeration process, a water replenishing device for simulation of replenishing groundwater into the soil column from bottom to up, a drainage device, a testing device for testing the pore water pressure of the soil column in the process of frost heaving, and a data acquisition system; the one-dimensional soil column is a cylindrical soil sample, the mould for containing the one-dimensional cylindrical soil column is vertically-arranged cylindrical double-layer transparent organic glass, and the water replenishing device is connected with the bottom of the one-dimensional cylindrical soil column by a water replenishing pipe. The one-dimensional soil column frost heave deformation tester has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, practical operation and good practical effect, can simulate the indoor soil frost heave deformation process, and can effectively test soil body internal temperature, pore water pressure, vertical frost-heave capacity, vertical volume deformation and frost heaving force.

The invention provides a rainwater quality monitoring and infiltration simulating comprehensive experiment instrument which at least comprises a base and an organic glass shell arranged on the base, wherein a rainwater collecting device, a pretreatment device, a monitoring system and an infiltration experiment simulation device are arranged on the organic glass shell and inside the organic glass shell, the rainwater collecting device at least comprises a rainwater collecting plate, a rainwater divider and a rainwater collecting box; the pretreatment device at least comprises an acid reagent dispenser, a clamping-pressing type membrane changing filter and a sampling valve; the monitoring system at least comprises a flowmeter and a multifunctional detection device; and the infiltration experiment simulation device at least comprises a rainwater temporary storage box and a soil column, the soil column is arranged below the rainwater temporary box and is vertically fixed at the bottom in the organic glass shell through a soil column bracket, and a water outlet in the bottom of the rainwater temporary box is communicated to the top end of the soil column through a guide pipe. According to the rainwater quality monitoring and infiltration simulating comprehensive experiment instrument, the defect in the prior art is solved, and the demands of the rainwater recharge research and rainwater hydrogeochemistry characteristic investigation in all places can be met.

The invention discloses a method for collecting and manufacturing a suspension type thin-layer soil monolith, and relates to a method for collecting and manufacturing a soil monolith. The problem that the monolith hardly moves, lacks of continuity and integrity and has a severely damaged shape in the process of manufacturing the soil monolith is solved. The method comprises the following steps of: manufacturing a soil sampler, a movable sealing cap and a monolith supporting box; excavating a soil profile pit; cultivating a soil pillar with the same inner diameter as the soil sampler on the soil profile, and sleeving the soil pillar by using a soil sampler frame; flatly supporting the soil sampler and the soil pillar to the ground; invertedly fastening the smoothened soil pillar in the monolith supporting box coated with polyvinyl alcohol sol, and selecting different volume ratios of polyvinyl acetate emulsion to water according to different soil textures; spraying an adhesive on the soil pillar so as to make the adhesive naturally infiltrate saturation, and conveying the monolith after the adhesive is dry and the monolith is solidified; and exhibiting the monolith in a show window, and giving character and picture caption to the monolith. The method is suitable for collecting and manufacturing the thin-layer soil monolith.

The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring and calculating the poisson ratio of a soil body. The device comprises an upper pressing plate, a lower pressing plate and a flexible steel ring, wherein the upper pressing plate is placed on the top of a tested soil column; the lower pressing plate is placed at the bottom of the tested soil column; the flexible steel ring sleeves the outer ring of the tested soil column; the outer side surface of the flexible steel ring is bonded with a sensor I for measuring the horizontal deformation of the soil body; the bottom of the upper pressing plate is provided with a sensor II for measuring the vertical deformation of the soil body. According to the invention, the vertical deformation and the horizontal deformation of the soil body are measured respectively by utilizing two resistance-type displacement meters, thereby calculating the poisson ratio of the soil body; the problem of difficulty in measuring the poisson ratio of the soil body can be solved; the method for measuring the poisson ratio of the soil body is more simple, feasible and accurate than a strain gauge pasting method.