219 results about "Soil infiltration" patented technology

The invention discloses a soil conditioner produced from ardealite as well as a producing method and a using method of the soil conditioner. The soil conditioner contains ardealite, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, urea and sulfuric acid which are mixed and shaped to granules. The soil conditioner is produced from ardealite which is the main raw material and added with a certain amount of nutrient elements and has the characteristics of conditioning the soil structure, adjusting pH of soil, activating the activity of nutrient elements of the soil, supplementing trace elements such as calcium, sulphur, ferrum and zinc in the soil, and the like; and the soil conditioner is suitable to conditioning of saline-alkali soil. The soil conditioner has the advantages of lowering the pH of surface soil, the content of water-soluble Na<+> and exchangeable Na<+> in the soil, the alkalisation degree and the volume weight of the soil, and enhancing the soil infiltration, the utilization rate of fertilizers and the soil productivity. A method for conditioning saline-alkali land, which is effective, economical, practical and consistent with the actual situations, is successfully proposed.

The invention provides a land-atmosphere coupling-based method and a system for flood forecast of minor watersheds, which are used for solving the problem of low accuracy for the flood forecast of the minor watersheds. The method comprises the following steps: setting model parameters; inputting initial data; judging a runoff-generation manner through analyzing the initial data, calculating surface runoff if the runoff-generating manner is infiltration excess runoff, and taking the surface runoff as simulation runoff; calculating the infiltration amount of soil if the runoff-generating manner is saturation excess runoff, and calculating base runoff and subsurface runoff by using the soil infiltration amount; calculating to obtain the simulation runoff according to the base runoff and the subsurface runoff when the soil is unsaturated; and further calculating the surface runoff and calculating to obtain the simulation runoff according to the base runoff, the subsurface runoff and the surface runoff when the soil is saturated. The land-atmosphere coupling-based method and the system provided by the invention are suitable for calculating the simulation runoff of the minor watersheds, and the calculating result is more accurate through the combination of theory and practice, thus the land-atmosphere coupling-based method and the system are suitable for short-term or ultra-short-term runoff forecast and have high forecast accuracy.

The invention relates to a system and a method integrating road surface runoff collection, purification, storage and utilization for plants. A biological planting groove lower than a road surface is used for collecting and processing road surface runoff at an initial stage and formed by stacking a planting soil layer, an infiltration filtering layer, a supporting layer, a water storage layer, an impervious layer and the like from the top to the bottom. The road surface runoff at a later stage is collected in a level observing well separated in the groove through an overflowing groove on the side of the biological planting groove and can be discharged directly through a lateral wall water discharging pipe. The collected road surface runoff at the initial stage is calculated according to an area rainstorm intensity formula and collecting time, and on the basis of the calculated road surface runoff at the initial stage, filling material texture and thickness, soil infiltration capacity, a soil surface distance and an overflow distance are combined to distribute filling materials of the planting soil layer and the water storage layer. Storage water is extracted by an extraction device and utilized for road surface plants. The system and the method are applicable to collection, processing and comprehensive utilization of the road surface runoff which is at the initial stage and has a pollution effect and emergency management of a road environment under the condition of leakage of dangerous goods during transportation.

The invention relates to a soil infiltration capability measuring system; the soil infiltration capability real time automatically measuring system in the invention comprises a rainfall or water device, a underlying surface soil device, a data acquisition device, a data intelligent processing system and a display device; wherein the data acquisition device is used to acquire a runoff pushing coverage area image or a soil humidification area image and records the concrete time; the data intelligent processing system is used to process data to acquire the image acquired by the device and output the soil infiltration rate value, curve or image into the display device. The invention has the advantages of easy operation, convenient transportation and transference, low cost, big labor saving and big material saving; furthermore, the invention can swiftly and accurately acquire the measuring result with real time, is suitable for indoor measurement as well as countryside measurement and other occasions, is not limited to the terrain and has wide popularization and application value in the research fields such as hydrological process, crop water utilization, irrigation management and soil corrosion.

The method is install a perforated gas pipe in soil infiltration layer between water distributing pipe and water collecting pipe installed at ground with sewage, to cover high polymer hydrophobic poromeric film on outside surface of the perforated gas pipe to form a gas pipe which gas can escape but water cant, air pipe connected to ends of the gas pipe is connected with pumping fan on the earth's surface and direct interliked to air. 'Gas-liquid-gas-solid' mass transfer way is changed to 'gas-solid' by this invention to increase mass transfer efficiency and oxide effect from air to soil.

Disclosed is a runoff rain gauge 100 which includes a collector tube 104, soil infiltration resistance medium 108, a runoff resistance flow element 113, a standard rain gauge 102, and runoff collection tube 114. Precipitation enters the collector tube 104 and is divided to flow into the infiltration medium 108 and runoff collection tube 114 via flow element 113. Total precipitation is read in standard rain gauge 102, runoff in tube 114, and soil infiltration in medium 108 is calculated by the difference between total precipitation and the runoff.

The invention discloses a system for measuring soil infiltration performance and includes a constant flow water supplying device, a point source inflow device, a soil storage device and a timing device. The constant flow water supplying device is connected with a point source inflow device, used for supplying water to the point source inflow device with a constant flow and monitors the output stream; the point source inflow device is arranged on the surface of the soil stored by a soil storage device and used for leading the water flow provided by the constant flow water supplying device to enter the soil with a point source inflow mode; the soil storage device is used for storing the soil and monitoring a wetting front of the soil; a timing device is used for recording the time corresponding to the quantity of the water provided by the constant flow water supplying device and the wetting front of the soil and acquiring the soil infiltration rate of the corresponding time according to the stream flow and a wetting radius of the soil of the corresponding time, thus meeting the condition of sufficient water supplying during the test process and ensuring the undisturbed performance of the soil; thereby being able to measure the soil infiltration performance simply and accurately.

The invention discloses a method for measuring soil infiltration capability, which comprises the following steps of: S1, acquiring an earth surface image of each frame with a camera; S2, extracting an earth surface humid area in the image acquired by the S1; S3, calculating the area of the earth surface humid area extracted by the S2; S4, correcting the earth surface humid area acquired by the S3; and S5, calculating the soil infiltration capability through the corrected earth surface humid area. The method has the advantages of less water requirement and high precision in the process of measuring, and wide popularization and application value, and can provide an effective, time-saving, labor-saving and precise tool for research on the measurement of the soil infiltration capability, and research in the related aspects such as earth surface runoff formation and soil erosion and the like.

Disclosed is a runoff rain gauge 100 which includes a collector tube 104, soil infiltration resistance medium 108, a runoff resistance flow element 113, a standard rain gauge 102, and runoff collection tube 114. Precipitation enters the collector tube 104 and is divided to flow into the infiltration medium 108 and runoff collection tube 114 via flow element 113. Total precipitation is read in standard rain gauge 102, runoff in tube 114, and soil infiltration in medium 108 is calculated by the difference between total precipitation and the runoff. Also disclosed are a runoff rain gauge 100 comprising: a seal leg 150 downstream from the runoff resistance flow element 113; a collector tube 104 mounted directly to the ground so that the bottom of the soil infiltration resistance medium 108 contacts the ground surface; and/or a horizontal capillary tube in the runoff resistance flow element 113 to insure self-sealing via capillary forces.

A country comprehensive sewage treatment system and country comprehensive sewage treatment method belongs to the technical field of water treatment. The system includes, in a successively connected manner, a pre-treatment system for filtering suspended solids in water, a container-type integrated water treatment system, a soil infiltration system, a solar energy power supply system for supplying power to the container-type integrated water treatment system, and a process management system. The system and the method achieve dispersion and separation and integrated treatment of country comprehensive sewage, is convenient to operate and manage, is suitable for distribution characteristics of water quality and water amount of country household sewage and cultivation sewage, and overcome defects in country comprehensive sewage mixed treatment and household dispersed treatment in the prior art.

The invention discloses a method for enabling a pavement to have strong rainwater storage capacity and reducing rainwater loss. The method is implemented through combination of a percolation pipeline, a permeable pavement, permeable ditches and various technologies including soil infiltration and specifically comprises the following steps: medium sand, bottom rubble, geotextile and the percolation pipeline are laid sequentially at the bottom of a trench below the pavement, the geotextile is folded and performs tight and compact wrapping, the pipeline is completely wrapped with the geotextile, two ends of the percolation pipeline are connected with catchpits respectively, and then rubble around the pipeline, the permeable pavement and surface layer soil are laid sequentially; the ditches are dug in two sides of the permeable pavement, and water absorptive plants are planted. The method has the advantages that through combination of various infiltration technologies, a multipoint rainwater infiltration technology for a sponge city is realized, urban rainwater is drained timely, urban waterlogging is reduced, the urban pavement has strong rainwater storage capacity, and rainwater loss is reduced.

The invention relates to an indoor soil infiltration rate measuring device and method, and is used for solving the problem that the measurement of the soil infiltration rate is relatively large in error in the prior art. The indoor soil infiltration rate measuring device comprises a fixed water head water supply device, a cutting ring, a filter net, a water collection and measurement device, an iron stand, a water storage vessel and a timing device; a water supply opening of the fixed water head water supply device is tightly combined with the upper part of the cutting ring; the cutting ring is used for placing a soil sample; the filter net is arranged at the bottom of the cutting ring and tightly contacts the bottom surface of the cutting ring, and the filter net is used for preventing soil from dropping into the water collection device in the water infiltration process; the water collection and measurement device is arranged at the lower part of the filter net and used for measuring the soil infiltration amount; the iron stand is arranged at the bottom of the water collection and measurement device and used for fixing the fixed water head water supply device, the cutting ring and the filter net; the water storage vessel is used for receiving water discharged by the fixed water head water supply device; the timing device is used for judging the soil infiltration moment and the moment when the soil reaches the steady infiltration.

This Invention relates to a soil infiltration irrigation system, which consists primarily of a water feeding pipeline, an air relieving pipeline and multiple water permeable storage containers that are pressure resistant. Each container comprises at least two components, which are coupled properly to shut out sand and dirt. The top component has a water feeding pipe connector and an air relieving pipe connector. The said connectors are connected respectively to the water feeding pipe and the air relieving pipe by means of adapters. The two pipes are in turn connected by means of hetero-diameter adapters to branch pipes leading to the main water feeding pipeline and the main air relieving pipeline. Thus, a system of two parallel pipelines is formed. The said multiple containers are either water permeable vats or combinations of water permeable vats and double-layer water permeable vats. The system may also include two-way air relieving and water shut-off valves. The soil infiltration irrigation system may be used to implement infiltration irrigation of plants and proper utilization of water resources.

The invention discloses a soil infiltration parameter and ground roughness measuring method. Under surge flow border irrigation, by measuring ground slope routine data and unit discharge routine data and in accordance with water advancing time and water advancing distance, soil infiltration parameters and ground roughness in different irrigation cycles can be obtained. The measuring method disclosed by the invention, by measuring the soil infiltration parameters and ground roughness under surge flow border irrigation, can be used for better guiding an actual irrigation process; and according to the measuring method, water advancing time and water advancing distance only need to be measured in the irrigation process instead of data and numerical model calculation through other complex measurement; and the water advancing time and the water advancing distance are simple and easy to measure, so that the experimental complexity is reduced.

The invention relates to a block stone side slope catastrophe danger pre-warning and forecasting method. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, acquiring data in real time through a rain gauge, a soil infiltration meter and a displacement meter on the scene; 2, acquiring a fissure condition and a plant coverage condition at the scene through manpower; 3, constructing a recurrent neural network model of block stone side slope catastrophe time according to the data acquired in the steps 1 and 2; 4, establishing a continuous Markov chain probability model of the block stone side slope catastrophe time according to the data acquired in the steps 1 and 2; 5, synthesizing the models of the steps 3 and 4 through weighted average so as to obtain a final prediction model, and before a critical failure time or an instability time, carrying out early warning and forecasting on a block stone side slope catastrophe danger. Compared with the prior art, the method is capable of carrying outearly warning and forecasting on block stone side slope catastrophe dangers more reasonably and more practicably, and has the features of being multi-parameterized and dynamic.

The invention discloses an improvement method of a coastal saline land. The improvement method comprises the following steps: A, ditching underground of a soil layer of a saline land to be improved, laying a closed conduit and forming a closed conduit draining layer; B, performing deep scarification on the saline land soil layer located at the upside of the closed conduit draining layer; C, performing the laser flattening on the saline land soil layer after the deep scarification; D, applying desulfurization gypsum to the soil after the laser flattening; E, mixing the desulfurization gypsum with soil evenly; F, filling water and irrigating the land to remove salt and alkali. The improvement method has the following advantages: salt and alkali removal of the coastal saline land can be quickly carried out; soil pore space is effectively bettered, and soil infiltration ability is improved; water soluble salt sprayed from the soil rapidly and replaced exchange salt are discharged through the closed conduit; the improvement method is high in economical efficiency and high in practicability.

The invention discloses an infiltrometer, comprising a soil tube arranged on the upper transverse plane of a horizontal board. A vertical panel is fixed against one edge of the horizontal board. A water storage tank is installed on the right side of the vertical panel. A water injection tank is connected over the water storage tank. The water injection tank communicates downward with the bottom of the water storage tank. An exhaust valve is disposed on the upper portion of the side surface of the water storage tank. A water outlet valve is mounted on the lower portion of the side surface of the water storage tank. The upper portion of the side surface of the soil tube is provided with a water inlet, which communicates with the water outlet valve of the water storage tank. A horizontal porous plate is arranged in the core space of the soil tube. The porous plate divides the core space of the soil tube into a soil holding layer and a water holding layer. The other side surface of the soil tube is equipped with a water outlet. The device provided by the invention is small in size, is easy to move and simple to operate, and is applicable to being popularized and used in teaching and tests of determining soil infiltration rate and its related parameters in a lab.

A stormwater control system including conveyance, filtration and discharge systems. The conveyance system includes a set of conduits and connections providing a flow path through a compacted soil embankment from an upper inlet to a lower discharge area of an underlying soil infiltration zone. The control system has configurations for transferring stormwater from pervious and impervious surfaces to the soil infiltration zone. The control system optionally includes a media filter device that may be installed within the conveyance system to intercept sediment and other contaminants prior to discharge within the underlying soil infiltration zone.

The invention provides a building method which combines centralized drinking water head site plane source pollution prevention and control in mountainous areas with drinking water engineering, comprising the following steps: (1) adopting an intercropping or interplanting mode to plant mountainous crops; (2) utilizing fertilization technology to save nitrogen, control phosphorous and improve soil organic matter; (3) building 3-6 levels of plant hedges in equal distance and equal height from the summit to the foot of the mountain; (4) building an ecological ditch: placing a composite substrate adsorption dam at the bottom of the ditch, planting large-size aquatic plants on the ditch bank, and arranging a valve at the outlet end of the ditch; (5) building a biological pool: the depth of the water in the pool is not less than 2.5m, the biological pool is provided with valves for water intake and discharge, and planting large-size aquatic plants in the area of the biological pool close to the river bank and the side slope of the pool; (6) building a soil infiltration system: selecting a position which is within 100m from the biological pool to build the soil infiltration system, wherein the discharged water directly enters the soil infiltration system; (7) building a collector well; and (8) building an impounding reservoir at a certain height. The invention is simple and practicable, has good effects on preventing and controlling the water head site plane source pollution, is convenient to promote, and simultaneously solves the problem of difficulty in drinking water in poor mountainous areas for thousands of years.

The invention discloses a collection method and a construction technology for pds zero-gradient protection siphon drainage. The collection method comprises: soil infiltration water continuously flowing to a siphon drainage channel through a macromolecule protection drainage abnormal-shaped sheet, water in the siphon drainage channel rapidly collecting on a water outlet, through a pipe line reducing diameter method, the water outlet making a siphon straight pipe form full flow, so as to form siphon, and the water entering an observation well and a water-collecting well in sequence, and finally the water being reused. The construction technology is that laying an adhesive tape, the siphon drainage channel, the macromolecule protection drainage abnormal-shaped sheet, a reducer pipe, the observation well and the water-collecting well in sequence. The collection method and construction technology for siphon drainage do not need to obtain gradient, and waterproof processing is not needed, and a principle of siphon is used, and original passive drainage is changed to active drainage, so as to effectively solve problems of an existing drainage structure that drainage is not thorough, water leaks, and vegetation is damaged. The method and the technology can reduce cost and construction period, effectively prolong life of buildings, and collected water can be reused.

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogeological parameter testing equipment and in particular relates to an improved range adjustable double-ring infiltration device and an in-situ soil permeability coefficient testing method for monitoring in-situ soil infiltration coefficients/permeability coefficients. The device comprises an integral Markov bottle, double rings and an adjustingmechanism, wherein a piston which is moved horizontally is arranged inside the integral Markov bottle; the integral Markov bottle is partitioned by the pisotn into an equivalent inner Markov bottle and an equivalent outer Markov bottle; the double rings comprise an inner ring and an outer ring; the inner Markov bottle is communicated with the area inside the inner ring; the outer Markov bottle iscommunicated with the area between the inner ring and the outer ring. By adopting the range adjustable double-ring infiltration device, in-situ monitoring on ground soil permeability coefficients isachieved, the testing precision of the device is greatly improved as compared with that of a conventional technique, the working efficiency and the in-situ testing data precision are improved, and thedevice is particularly applicable to situations of relatively slow infiltration and relatively long steady seepage and is worthy of popularization.

The invention discloses a drip type soil infiltration measuring device which comprises a water supplying device, a water drop generating device, a water-collecting measuring device and a bracket system. According to the drip type soil infiltration measuring device, by using a method of drip at a certain height, water drops beat a soil surface to cause that soil generates crust, soil particles absorb water to expand and fill in holes, and soil aggregates are crushed to fill large holes; through regulating different water heads, the speed of drip is controlled, the change similar to waterfall intensity is simulated, different rainfall pattern characteristics are reflected; water collection can be discharged, and thin-layer hydrops exist on the soil surface so that an infiltration environment is close to an infiltration environment under a rainfall condition; the soil infiltration measurement is suitable for laboratory operation, and is closer to soil infiltration under the natural rainfall condition in comparison with a conventional fixed water head laboratory method, and the cost is lower and the simplicity is achieved in operation.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil infiltration capability measurement, and discloses a continuous measurement device and method for soil infiltration capability of a plough layer and a plough pan of an agricultural land. The device comprises a constant flow water supply device, a point source water distribution device for supplying water for a measured ground by point sources, an infiltration ring, a drain vessel, a camera and two flow sensors, wherein the constant flow water supply device is connected with the infiltration ring through a first water pipe, the infiltration ring and the drain vessel are connected through a second water pipe, the point source water distribution device is located in the infiltration ring, the two flow sensors are respectively located undera water outlet of the infiltration ring and under the drain vessel, and the camera is located over the infiltration ring. The device and the method are simple in operation and can save cost.

The invention relates to an afforestation and soil preparation method for water conservation forest in north China, the method comprising following steps: (1) preliminary investigation of a selected water conservation forest area in north China; (2) forest land clearance in the water conservation forest area; (3) in the water conservation forest area, soil preparation with narrow horizontal strips and fish-scale pits along the contour line in an alternate form. According to the afforestation and soil preparation method, by performing investigation on the selection indexes of forest areas and performing soil preparation with narrow horizontal strips and fish-scale pits along the contour line in an alternate form, the soil porosity and infiltration capacity are increased so that soil and water conservation is achieved. The method can be applied under all kinds of terrain conditions. The method has following beneficial effects: small ground-breaking surface and small investment. By use of the method and in the long run, the differences in soil water distribution can be changed; the mechanism of selection through competition between individual vegetation can be promoted; stability and long effectiveness can be maintained; water and soil conservation and water purification can be achieved.

The invention discloses a rain-intensity-controllable unsaturated soil infiltration simulation system which comprises a test bench with pulleys at the bottom part; a water supply tank, an overflow water tank and a model tank are arranged on the test bench, the model tank is a top-opening round bucket, a plurality of separators respectively with a reserved hole at the center are arranged inside the model tank, a drain valve is arranged at the bottom of the model tank, a water supply pump is arranged in the water supply tank, the water supply pump is connected to the overflow water tank by a water supply pipe, the overflow water tank is connected to the water supply tank with an overflow water pipe, a raindrop generator is connected to the bottom of the water supply tank, the raindrop generator includes a guide pipe, a regulating valve, a syringe needle and a dead plate, a funnel is fixed on the lower surface of the dead plate, and a discharge hole of the funnel is arranged above an opening of the top of the model tank; to the rain-intensity-controllable unsaturated soil infiltration simulation system performs point-to-point control through the raindrop generator, and is accurate in rainfall and high in test precision.

The invention discloses a detecting device for the infiltration performance of an earth pillar. The detecting device comprises a base, a horizontal rotation adjusting mechanism, an earth pillar inlet-outlet adjusting mechanism and a height adjusting mechanism, wherein the horizontal rotation adjusting mechanism is arranged on the base; the earth pillar inlet-outlet adjusting mechanism is arranged on the horizontal rotation adjusting mechanism; the height adjusting mechanism is arranged on the earth pillar inlet-outlet adjusting mechanism. According to the invention, the device can directly detect the migration of the wetting front during the earth pillar infiltration process, and can quickly detect multiple indexes ( temperature, electric conductivity, pH and the like) during the earth pillar infiltration process, is simple in structure, can realize the detection on related indexes during the indoor earth pillar infiltration process, and can also realize the detection on related indexes during the outdoor undisturbed soil infiltration process, thereby being suitable for relevant colleges and universities as well as scientific research institutions to carry out quick detection of relevant parameters during the earth pillar infiltration process.

The invention belongs to the field of distributed treatment of sanitary sewage, and relates to a sewage treatment system with separate nitrification and denitrification phases. The sewage treatment system comprises a front-section vertical flow biological trickling system and a rear-section horizontal flow multi-medium soil infiltration system arranged below the front section, wherein the front section comprises a water distribution gravel layer, a natural zeolite packing layer, a drainage gravel layer and a drainage false floor. The rear section comprises a rear-section intake pond, an intake grating, a water distribution gravel layer, a natural zeolite infiltration layer, a soil template layer, a sealing soil layer, a drainage gravel layer, a drainage grating, a rear-section delivery tank and a delivery tank water outlet; the vertical interval of the front section and the rear-section intake pond is 30-50cm. Compared with the traditional two-stage multi-medium soil infiltration system, the rear section of the system adopts a horizontal flow method, the hydraulic retention time is effectively improved, the effluent is submerged by the horizontal flow, the anaerobic environment is improved, and total nitrogen removal is facilitated. Therefore, the system is ideal in overall treatment effect, not easy to block, and low in construction and operation costs.

The invention discloses a test device for vadose zone water flow movement under different buried depths. The test device comprises a measurement cylinder, a balance cup connected to the measurement cylinder and a Mariotte flash connected to the balance cup. The measurement cylinder is internally provided with a weighing sensor, the upper end of the weighing sensor comprises an inverted filter and an undistributed soil column from top to bottom in order, a runoff drain pipe is connected to a position at an equal height to the undistributed soil column on the upper end of the measurement cylinder, a seepage drain pipe is connected to the inside of the balance cup, and the Mariotte flash is internally provided with a third hydraulic sensor for measuring the flow fed from the Mariotte flash to the balance cup. The test device can monitor the surface runoff, soil infiltration capacity and evaporation capacity at the same time, has the characteristics of simple structure and low cost, effectively improves the measurement accuracy, and is convenient to use and repair.