The invention discloses a robot hill climbing driving force control device, and specifically relates to the field of robots. The robot hill climbing driving force control device comprises a traction head, a box body is movably connected with one side of the traction head, and a traction gear is arranged at the bottom of the traction head; and a driving gear and a driven gear are arranged at the bottom of the box body, the outer sides of the driving gear and the driven gear are fixedly connected with fixed gears, and a driving motor is arranged on the side, away from the fixed gears, of the driving gear, and a driving motor output shaft is connected with the driving gear in a transmission mode. According to the robot hill climbing driving force control device, the slope gradient of the ground is sensed by a photoelectric sensor, when the slope gradient reaches a set value, an electric pushing rod pushes a climbing mechanism to descend, a caterpillar track contacts the ground, the friction force is increased, and the fixed gears mesh with a first rack ring so that the driving gear drives a driving disk, movement of the caterpillar track is convenient, when climbing, a single-chip microcomputer controls over a variable frequency speed regulator, rotating speed of the driving motor is limited, speed of a robot is decreased, the robot is prevented from tipping over, wearing of a device is reduced, and in flat road section, the driving gear and the driven gear pull the box body to increase the operating speed of the robot.