141 results about "Surface gradient" patented technology

An optical inspection system uses an illumination gradient to gradually spatially vary the intensity and/or specular characteristics of the illumination reflected from the surface of a specular object to determine surface gradients of the object. The surface gradients can be used to reconstruct a three-dimensional image of the object. The illumination gradient can be produced by an illumination apparatus that includes circular arrays of light-emitting elements. The illumination gradient can also be produced using an optical element that gradually alters the illumination intensity of the reflected illumination in accordance with the incidence characteristics of the reflected illumination on the optical element. The illumination gradient enables the use of numerous illumination angles to reduce error in estimated surface gradients without increasing imaging or processing time.

The invention relates to a compressing three-dimension calculation ghost imaging system. The system comprises a light source, a spatial light modulator, at least four sets of convergence light receiving lenses, at least four sets of point detectors corresponding to the convergence light receiving lenses and an algorithm module. Light emitted by the light source is projected on the spatial light modulator, the spatial light modulator modulates the light randomly, the modulated light is projected on an object, the object reflects the light in different directions, and one set of convergence light receiving lens and point detector are arranged in each of at least four reflecting directions. Total light intensity in all the directions are compressed and sampled by the point detectors, a compressing and sampling result is input into the algorithm module, the processes of the compression and sampling of the total light intensity and the input of the result are repeated for many times, the spatial light modulator modulates different patterns every time, the algorithm module inverts a two-dimension image corresponding to the direction of each point detector by the application of the compressed sensing algorithm according to a measurement matrix and the measurement results obtained by the repeated compression and sampling, the information of shadow parts of the images is compared to construct a three-dimension surface gradient, and finally a three-dimension object shape is reconstructed.

A method of controlling a work tool with respect to a design surface gradient identifies surface gradient and determines a desired angle for the work tool. Movement of the machine is monitored and the distance between the design surface gradient and the work tool is determined. The angle of the work tool is varied based on one or more of these parameters.

The invention is a method of binding compound materials of the C/SiC and C/C, which belongs to the technology field of binding heterogeneous materials. The processing procedures are as following: 1. The surface of the e compound materials of the C/SiC and C/Cis pretreated, which comprise the surface of the connecting are grinding, cleaning, vacuum biscuit firing, preparation of double-layer metal film and microvacum heat treatment and so on. 2. The transition layer of the connecting area surface gradient of the compound materials of the C/SiC is coated and sintered. 3. The compound materials with the gradient transition layer as the felted phase is brazed with the metal in vacuum. The invention is characterized in that the gradient transition layer is directly used as the materials that bind the compound materials with the metal; the gradient transition layer is double-layered or multilayered (sub-layered) structure; from the inner basal body to the outer part of the compound materials, the melting points of active brazing alloy adopted by each sub-layer gradually lower, the coefficient of heat expansion that adjust volume percentage composition gradually lower and the coefficient of heat expansion of the sub-layers gradually rise. The brazing ceramic metal connecting piece of the invention has good strength, air tightness and wide application field, which is suitable for various non-metallic fibers, such as ceramics of SiC, Si3N4, Al2O3, AlN and so on and applicable for connecting the ceramic matrix compound materials with particulate reinforced with the metal.

Reconstructing the shape of the surface of an object in greater than two dimensions is performed using a noise-tolerant reconstruction process and/or a multi-resolution reconstruction process. The noise-tolerant reconstruction process can be a Bayesian reconstruction process that adds noise information representing the noise distribution in optical image(s) of the object to surface gradient information estimated from the images to determine surface height information that defines the shape of the surface of the object in greater than two dimensions. In the multi-resolution reconstruction process, for each resolution of the image, the surface gradient information is estimated and the surface height information is calculated using the estimated surface gradient information. To obtain the final surface height map, the surface height information from each resolution is combined to reconstruct the shape of the surface of the object in greater than two dimensions. The multi-resolution reconstruction process can be used with the Bayesian reconstruction process or with another decomposition process, such as a wavelet decomposition process.

Methods, systems and software for determine an optical surface model for an optical tissue system using Fourier transformation algorithms. A method of reconstructing optical tissues of an eye comprises transmitting an image through the optical tissues of the eye. The surface gradients from the transmitted image are measured across the optical tissues of the eye. A Fourier transform algorithm is applied to the surface gradients to reconstruct an optical surface model that corresponds to the optical tissues of the eye.

A neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnetic materials surface gradient function coating preparation method overcomes current slug type neodymium iron boron surface processing method existent problem. Said method adopts new surface modification process means combined with tradition electroplating ( or chemical plating ) advantages and sol-gel technologic property, thereby avoiding single cladding material poor cladding material adhesion, less compactness, easy resulting slough, having pore and too thin single sol coating shortages. Said method forms tight sol coating on neodymium iron boron base material surface, to obtain oxide ceramics coating after sintering treatment, then cladding material on gel coating to form function gradient coating to take complete corrosion protection.

The invention discloses a gradient coating cutter and a preparation method thereof. A basal body material of the gradient coating cutter is high-speed steel; a multilayer coating layer is arranged onthe surface of a basal body; and the coating layer is a gradient laminated coating layer of alternating hard alloy layers, added with MoS2, BN and LaF3, and Al2O3 base ceramic layers. The cutter coating layer is prepared by adopting a laser cladding method; and the preparation steps are (1) pretreatment, (2) cladding of the hard alloy layers, (3) cladding of the Al2O3 base ceramic layers, (4) alternate cladding of the hard alloy layers and the Al2O3 base ceramic layers, and (5) aftertreatment. Compared with the prior art, the gradient coating layer on the surface of a cutter has the characteristics of Al2O3 base ceramic and hard alloys, and achieves higher hardness and excellent toughness; and through adding of MoS2, BN and LaF3, the cutter achieves excellent self-lubrication effect in wider cutting temperature range. The coating cutter can be applied to dry cutting and cutting of difficultly machined materials.

The present invention relates to bioactive coating on the surface of titanium or titanium alloy and its preparation process. The process includes the following steps: the first anode oxidation, alkali treatment and heat treatment of titanium or titanium alloy to form surface gradient coating in the thickness of 3 micron and comprising one inner thin and compact titania film and one outer porous titania film; introducing Ca element by means of the electrolyte solution into the coating to raise the biocompatibility; boiling in NaOH solution for 1-5 hr to form thin surface sodium titanate and calcium titanate layer; and final depositing a bone-like hydroxyapatite layer. The present invention raises the bioactivity of titanium or titanium alloy surface, and has high binding force of hydroxyapatite layer and high cell adhering capacity.

The invention provides an aluminum and aluminum alloy matrix aluminum nitride reinforced gradient composite surface layer. In the surface layer, aluminum and an aluminum alloy matrix are melted by nitrogen arc with a simple process to ensure that Al and N elements in a melting bath to perform nitridation reaction, namely Al reacts with N to generate AlN, so as to obtain the 'AlN reinforced gradient composite surface layer'. Compared with a thin surface nitridated (AlN) layer prepared by reactive sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, ion injection, plasma nitridation and other methods, the surface layer has large thickness (0.13-0.3mm), has the microstructural characteristic of surface gradient composites, and has remarkably improved microhardness and abrasion resistance compared with the aluminum and the aluminum alloy matrix.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a vehicle speed control system operable to cause a vehicle to operate in accordance with a target speed value by controlling an amount of brake torque applied by a braking system and an amount of drive torque applied by a powertrain to one or more wheels of the vehicle, the system being operable to detect a leading wheel step event in which a leading wheel encounters an abrupt increase in surface gradient, the system being operable in dependence on the detection of a leading wheel step event to cause brake torque to be applied against drive torque in anticipation of a trailing wheel step event corresponding to the leading wheel step event, the system being operable to cause the application of brake torque at least until a trailing wheel has travelled a sufficient distance to reach the location at which a leading wheel experienced the leading wheel step event.

The invention discloses a gradient nanostructure with excellent comprehensive high cycle and low cycle fatigue performance, and belongs to the technical field of metal material fatigue performance enhancement. Specifically, surface plastic processing is conducted, a gradient nanostructure is introduced to the surface of a metal material, and microstructures of the metal material are an surface layer nanocrystalline structure, a subsurface superfine/deformed twin structure and a core original coarse crystal structure, wherein the overall thickness of a gradient nanostructure layer is greater than 50 microns and is within 50-300 microns. Compared with uniform coarse grain structures of the same compositions, the stress control high cycle fatigue limit of a pure-Cu sample with the surface gradient nanostructure is improved by two times, and high cycle fatigue life is prolonged by 15 times; and the strain control low cycle fatigue life is doubled compared with common coarse grain samples.According to the surface layer gradient nanostructured metal material, both the high cycle and low cycle fatigue properties of the metal material are improved.

The invention relates to a tungsten/steel diffusion connection method based on tungsten surface gradient alloying, belonging to the technical field of composite material preparation. In the present invention, the nano-scale pre-alloyed mixed powder with a mass ratio of Ni and Fe of 7:3 is used as a raw material, and the surface of the tungsten substrate is subjected to gradient alloying treatment by high-temperature cladding and vacuum hot-pressing composite technology, and then the vacuum of tungsten and steel is carried out. Diffuse connection. The present invention forms a gradient alloy layer on the surface of the tungsten substrate through the configuration of nickel and iron components, vacuum hot pressing, high temperature cladding and vacuum diffusion and other process or parameter optimization, and obtains no defects at the interface and thermal fatigue performance Good, high interface stability of tungsten / steel composite structural parts. It can be used in the preparation of helium-cooled divertor components in magnetic confinement nuclear fusion experimental devices.

The invention relates to a pavement scanning system having a movable platform, multiple light sources mounted on the platform for illuminating a pavement surface from multiple different angles, at least one image capture device mounted on the platform that captures sequential images of the illuminated pavement surface and a movement sensor that encodes movement of the platform and provides a synchronization signal for synchronizing the multiple light sources and the at least one image capture device for multiple image capture. The pavement scanning system also includes at least one processor that resamples the multiple captured sequential images to compensate for difference in collection time and calculates surface gradient and albedo for each point on the pavement surface or directly uses the multiple images to detect surface features.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a copper surface gradient wetting self-assembly film. The method comprises the steps of (1), depositing a layer of Cu(OH)2 precursor on the surface of copper through electrochemical deposition, (2), generating a layer of black CuO on the surface of sheet copper subjected to electrodeposition and high-temperature dehydration, and (3) adopting self-assembly method to gradually drip fatty acid ethanol solution with the concentration being 0.05mmol/L to 0.5mmol/L to the sheet copper obtained at step (2), and then flushing the sheet copper with absolute ethyl alcohol after 1 to 10min dripping, so as to obtain the copper surface gradient wetting self-assembly film after air drying at room temperature. Compared with the traditional method of plating noble metal of gold and silver on a substrate, the method has the advantages that simple electrochemical plating is only required to be performed on the substrate and then a required substrate for self-assembly can be obtained after dehydration treatment; and the electrochemical deposition has the advantages that the cost of raw material is low, the raw material can be reused, arrays of prepared CuO are uniform and stable, the technological process is simple, the preparation time is short, and the like.

The present invention is preparation process of gradient oxidation resisting coating on the surface of carbon material. The preparation process includes the steps of: cleaning and stoving the surface of the carbon material; compounding slurring with silica powder, water and adhesive in certain weight proportion, and coating the slurry onto the surface of the carbon material through soaking, spraying or brushing; compounding silica powder, molybdenum powder, water and adhesive into slurry A of Mo/Si ratio 0.3-0.4, slurry B of Mo/Si ratio 0.8-1.2 and slurry C of Mo/Si ratio 1.8-2.3, and coating slurry A, slurry B and slurry C successively onto the surface of the carbon material through soaking, spraying or brushing; and sintering to obtain the product. The present invention has simple technological process, high production efficiency, good repeatability and low production cost and is suitable for industrial production.

The invention discloses a method for determining pipeline critical burial depth in debris flow areas. The method includes: for diluted debris flow, determining a forming initial flow velocity and a damaging initial flow velocity of an overlying soil armoring layer according to mutual effect between the diluted debris flow and pipeline overlying soil and critical hydraulic conditions of armoring layer forming and damaging, judging erosion modes of overlying soil according to scale and a flow velocity of the current debris flow, and calculating erosion depth of the pipeline overlying soil under the effect of the diluted debris flow; for viscose debris flow, judging erosion and deposition features of the debris flow according to relations between bed surface gradient and minimum slope required by debris flow movement, and calculating erosion depth, under erosion action, of the viscose debris flow if the bed surface gradient is larger than the minimum slope. The method has the advantages that erosion depth of the pipeline overlying soil under debris flows of different intensities is considered quantitatively, and technical guarantee is provided for scientific design and construction.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a gradient nano-structure on the surface of a high-strength high-hardness metal material. The method comprises the following steps: a tool head (11) and a workpiece (9) are correspondingly connected with the positive pole and the negative pole of a high-instantaneous-energy-density pulsed power supply (1); and favorable contact between the tool head (1) and the workpiece (9) is kept, the high-instantaneous-energy-density pulsed power supply (1), an ultrasonic generator (2) and a nozzle (8) are started up, and the tool head (11) performs ultrasonic vibration along a Z axis under the action of the ultrasonic generator (2) to start to perform high-instantaneous-energy-density electric impulse and ultrasonic combined treatment on the surface of the workpiece. An instantaneous high temperature and ultrasonic micromechanical impact combined function formed by electric impulses can greatly improve the local micro plasticity at processing points of such high-strength high-hardness metal materials as nickle-based high-temperature alloy, die steel and the like, and severe plastic deformation occurs at the processing points, so that the surface of the workpiece can be effectively nano-crystallized, and the average size of surface grains can be 30 nanometers or below.

Methods and devices of studying a predefined portion of an object having a feature of interest are disclosed. The feature of interest defines a class of objects that includes the object. Light sources directly illuminate the object from different illumination directions. The light sources are maintained in a stable configuration relative to the object. For each illumination direction, an image is generated from light scattered from the object with a camera maintained in a stable configuration relative to the light sources. A methodology derived from machine learning for the class of objects is applied to filter the generated images are filtered for a characteristic consistent with the fetaure of interest. Surface gradients are determined from the filtered images and integrated to generate a topography of a surface of the object.