201 results about "Albedo" patented technology

A satellite or spacecraft in low Earth orbit, when in eclipse and not illuminated by sunlight, represents a low-bandwidth datastream through modulation of a source of uncollimated light, such as a set of light emitting diodes. Transmission modes include generating patterns in the color, intensity or polarization of a light source, or precise timing control of a strobe signal. A ground station tracks the satellite in a telescope, stewing the telescope to follow the satellite as it moves across the sky, recording light generated by the satellite with a light sensor such as a video camera. The datastream is regenerated through analysis of recorded video. Satellite downlink is initiated by detection of eclipse, by command via radio uplink, or in response to a periodic automatic timer. In an alternative embodiment, the satellite represents the datastream through modulation of its effective albedo or reflective flux during periods of solar illumination.

A face is scanned to obtain a three-dimensional geometry of the face, images are also acquired of the face, and subsurface scattering of the face is measured. A translucency map is determined from the subsurface reflectance. A total surface reflectance and a normal map are estimated from the three-dimensional geometry and the images, and diffuse reflectance is estimated using the total reflectance. An albedo map is determined from the diffuse reflectance. The diffuse reflectance is subtracted from the total reflectance to obtain a surface reflectance. A set of bi-directional reflectance functions is fitted to the surface reflectance. Then, the set of bi-directional reflectance distribution functions, the albedo map, and the translucency map are combined to form a skin reflectance model of the face.

An efficient computation of low-dimensional linear subspaces that optimally contain the set of images that are generated by varying the illumination impinging on the surface of a three-dimensional object for many different relative positions of that object and the viewing camera. The matrix elements of the spatial covariance matrix for an object are calculated for an arbitrary pre-determined distribution of illumination conditions. The maximum complexity is reduced for the model by approximating any pair of normal-vector and albedo from the set of all such pairs of albedo and normals with the centers of the clusters that are the result of the vector quantization of this set. For an object, a viewpoint-independent covariance matrix whose complexity is large, but practical, is constructed and diagonalized off-line. A viewpoint-dependent covariance matrix is computed from the viewpoint-independent diagonalization results and is diagonalized online in real time.

A training method of training an illumination compensation model includes extracting, from a training image, an albedo image of a face area, a surface normal image of the face area, and an illumination feature, the extracting being based on an illumination compensation model; generating an illumination restoration image based on the albedo image, the surface normal image, and the illumination feature; and training the illumination compensation model based on the training image and the illumination restoration image.

The invention provides a real-time video defogging system which belongs to the field of image processing and is characterized by being realized in a digital integrated circuit and comprising a data reading unit, a judgment unit, a sky brightness estimation unit, an atmosphere illumination white balance unit, an atmosphere dissipation image estimation unit and a clear scene recovery unit. As for the former K frames in the current lens of a video to be processed, the sky region thereof is estimated so that the sky brightness value is calculated; then the atmosphere illumination color of an image to be processed is corrected according to the sky brightness value by utilizing a white balance algorithm and a white balance image is normalized, the minimum values, minimum values of various colorcomponent are solved out so as to serve as rough estimated image; and based on the minimum values, an refined atmosphere dissipation image is calculated by utilizing an edge maintained flatting method, and the atmosphere scene albedo is calculated based on the atmosphere dissipation image, so that defogging recovery processing is carried out. As for a common-intermediate-format (CIF) video with the resolution of 288*352, the processing speed can be up to 60 fps (frames per second); and as for a D1-format video with the resolution of 578*720, the processing speed can be up to 15 fps, thus the system provided by the invention can be applied to monitoring systems and meet the requirement on real-time performance.

Systems and methods for identifying an object, such as a human face, are described. The systems and methods obtain parameters indicative of direct light and disperse light illuminating the object. Using these parameters, an albedo of the object is computed. The albedo is related to the radiance of the object after light is shone on the object, and is used to identify the object.

Compositions comprising highly reflective microcrystalline/amorphous materials are provided. In some instances, the highly reflective materials are microcrystalline or amorphous carbonate materials, which may include calcium and/or magnesium carbonate. In some instances, the materials are CO₂ sequestering materials. Also provided are methods of making and using the compositions, e.g., to increase the albedo of a surface, to mitigate urban heat island effects, etc.

An apparatus to measure surface orientation maps of an object may include a light source that is configured to illuminate the object with a controllable field of illumination. One or more cameras may be configured to capture at least one image of the object. A processor may be configured to process the image(s) to extract the reflectance properties of the object including an albedo, a reflection vector, a roughness, and/or anisotropy parameters of a specular reflectance lobe associated with the object. The controllable field of illumination may include limited-order Spherical Harmonics (SH) and Fourier Series (FS) illumination patterns with substantially similar polarization. The SH and FS illumination patterns are used with different light sources.

A power generation system for an airship includes a solar array and an Earth array for converting solar radiation and albedo radiation, respectively, into electrical energy. The airship also carries a power distribution controller to receive the electrical energy for transfer to a power storage device and/or electrical components carried by the airship. The airship may also receive a man-made radiation source purposefully directed at the Earth array.

The invention discloses a crop biomass inversion method based on a SEBAL-HJ model. The crop biomass inversion method is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, acquiring HJ-1 CCD, IRS images and elevation data DEM in a research plot, and carrying out geometric fine revision to the images; S2, inversing a land surface albedo, NDVI, SR, land surface emissivity and inversing land surface temperature; S3, calculating net radiation flux according to inversion results in the S2, and further calculating soil heat flux on the basis; S4, calculating sensible heat flux through cyclic reduction; S5, calculating the coefficient of evaporation ratio and obtaining evapotranspiration per day through space-time dimension expansion; S6, inversing fPAR on the basis of vegetative cover indexes NDVI and SR; S7, inversing NPP according to the inversion results of evapotranspiration per day in the step S5 and the inversion results of fPAR in the step S6; and S8, obtaining crop biomass through the accumulation of NPP after space-time reconstruction. According to the invention, the high-precision inversion of crop biomass is achieved, and the amount of calculation is relatively smaller.

The invention discloses a regional earth surface sensible heat/latent heat flux inversion method based on remote sensing data. The method comprises the following steps that a research area and the remote sensing data are determined; remote sensing earth surface and regional meteorological parameters are prepared according to the remote sensing data, wherein the remote sensing earth surface parameters comprise a normalized difference vegetation index NDVI, vegetation coverage f, albedo, earth surface emissivity Emiss, earth surface temperature Ts and a leaf area index LAI, and the regional meteorological parameters comprise air temperature Ta and relative humidity RH; net radiation flux Rn inversion is conducted according to the remote sensing earth surface and regional meteorological parameters; soil heat flux G inversion is conducted according to the leaf area index LAI, the air temperature Ta and net radiation flux Rn; radiation-convection impedance rae inversion is conducted according to theoretical two-dimensional space of the net radiation flux Rn, soil heat flux G, the vegetation coverage f and the earth surface temperature Ts and a temperature profile equation estimated through sensible heat flux; regional earth surface sensible heat H/latent heat LE flux inversion is achieved according to radiation-convection impedance rae.

Wide dynamic range depth imaging in a structured light device is provided that improves depth maps for scenes with a wide range of albedo values under varying light conditions. A structured light pattern, e.g., a time-multiplexed structured light pattern, is projected into a scene at various projection times and a camera captures images of the scene for at least the same exposure times as the projection times. A depth image is computed for each of the projection/exposure times and the resulting depth images are combined to generate a composite depth image.

The invention discloses a method and a system for preprocessing MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) surface albedo data. The method comprises the following steps of: S1, acquiring remotely sensed data which are originally input; S2, carrying out missing data detection on the remotely sensed data which are originally input; S3, carrying out cloud and snow primary detection on theremotely sensed data which are originally input; S4, by using the obtained cloud and snow data as a training sample, detecting all data and identifying abnormal data; and S5, carrying out space-time filtering and interpolation on the remotely sensed data which are originally input. The system comprises a data input module, a data missing detection module, a cloud and snow detection module, an abnormal data detection module and a space-time filtering and interpolation module which are respectively used for implementing the above steps. According to the invention, by processing the missing and abnormal data in the surface albedo data, the surface albedo data of which a long-time sequence and space-time are continuously consistent can be generated and the accuracy of subsequent application and remote sensing inversion is improved.

The invention provides a luminosity diagram-based geometry and surface material reconstructing method. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) segmenting a material, constructing an initialized material weight figure, establishing Diffuse Albedo; (2) estimating a surface normal vector diagram; (3) iterating and solving a normal vector by using an Alternating-Constrained-Least-Square method and constructing a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) material substrate; and (4) enhancing a depth filed. On the basis of a normal vector diagram, the least square surface depth information is obtained by a Poisson equation. By the method, different material areas and material attributes and the surface depth information of an object in a picture can be recovered automatically from a group of picture sequences with known light conditions reliably; and the object is subjected to three-dimensional reconstruction rapidly.

The invention relates to the satellite remote sensing technology field and especially relates to a global land cover broadband emissivity inversion method and a system. The method comprises the following steps: S1. acquiring a surface reflectivity with a plurality of resolutions and an albedo and acquiring matched soil classification graph data; S2. carrying out pretreatment respectively to the surface reflectivity with a plurality of resolutions and the albedo; S3. carrying out spatial resample to the soil classification graph data, carrying out spatial matching to the pretreated surface reflectivity with a plurality of resolutions and the albedo and identifying each pixel of the spatial matched surface albedo; S4. determining a surface type of the land pixel; S5. establishing a conversion relation between the narrowband emissivity and the broadband emissivity so as to obtain the broadband emissivity of the water body pixel and the ice and snow pixel; S6. calculating the broadband emissivity of the pixel. In the invention, precision of broadband emissivity inversion can be improved through processing reflectivity data and albedo data.

The present invention discloses a multi-channel aerosol scattering absorption measuring instrument, comprising a light path device, a detection device and a gas path device. The light path device supplies three different wavelengths of laser entering the detection device in sequence; the detection device is provided with photoelectric detectors at multiple angles for measurement, so as to reduce the measurement error of aerosol scattering coefficient; the gas path device comprises a sample loading unit, a calibration unit and a sample discharging unit; and a light source from the light path device and a gas flow from the gas path device enter the photoacoustic cavity of the detection device respectively and are detected by a control unit. The aerosol scattering absorption measuring instrument of the present invention is characterized by multi-channel, multi-angular, full-scale and direct measurement of scattering phase function and absorption coefficient of aerosol particles, combines the function of synchronously acquiring the optical parameters of an aerosol (such as scattering coefficient, extinction coefficient, visibility, transmittance, single scattering albedo, etc.), and achieves the integrated on-line detection of different optical parameters of an aerosol with high automation degree and good stability.