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201 results about "Albedo" patented technology

Albedo (/ælˈbiːdoʊ/) (Latin: albedo, meaning 'whiteness') is the measure of the diffuse reflection of solar radiation out of the total solar radiation received by an astronomical body (e.g. a planet like Earth). It is dimensionless and measured (via an albedometer) on a scale from 0 (corresponding to a black body that absorbs all incident radiation) to 1 (corresponding to a body that reflects all incident radiation).

Self-cleaning protective coatings for use with photovoltaic cells

Systems and materials to improve photovoltaic cell efficiency by implementing a self-cleaning function on photovoltaic cells and on albedo surfaces associated with photovoltaic cell assemblies are provided. Materials for protecting albedo surfaces that surround photovoltaic cell assemblies, thereby maximizing energy input into the photovoltaic cell assemblies, are provided. Materials for self-cleaning photovoltaic cell panels, thereby maintaining their efficiency, are provided. Portable albedo collecting devices associated with photovoltaic cell assemblies are provided.
Owner:BARNES CHRISTOPHER

Satellite downlink via patterns of uncollimated light

A satellite or spacecraft in low Earth orbit, when in eclipse and not illuminated by sunlight, represents a low-bandwidth datastream through modulation of a source of uncollimated light, such as a set of light emitting diodes. Transmission modes include generating patterns in the color, intensity or polarization of a light source, or precise timing control of a strobe signal. A ground station tracks the satellite in a telescope, stewing the telescope to follow the satellite as it moves across the sky, recording light generated by the satellite with a light sensor such as a video camera. The datastream is regenerated through analysis of recorded video. Satellite downlink is initiated by detection of eclipse, by command via radio uplink, or in response to a periodic automatic timer. In an alternative embodiment, the satellite represents the datastream through modulation of its effective albedo or reflective flux during periods of solar illumination.
Owner:KOZUBAL MAREK J +1

Skin reflectance model for representing and rendering faces

A face is scanned to obtain a three-dimensional geometry of the face, images are also acquired of the face, and subsurface scattering of the face is measured. A translucency map is determined from the subsurface reflectance. A total surface reflectance and a normal map are estimated from the three-dimensional geometry and the images, and diffuse reflectance is estimated using the total reflectance. An albedo map is determined from the diffuse reflectance. The diffuse reflectance is subtracted from the total reflectance to obtain a surface reflectance. A set of bi-directional reflectance functions is fitted to the surface reflectance. Then, the set of bi-directional reflectance distribution functions, the albedo map, and the translucency map are combined to form a skin reflectance model of the face.
Owner:MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC RES LAB INC +1

Fast optimal linear approximation of the images of variably illuminated solid objects for recognition

An efficient computation of low-dimensional linear subspaces that optimally contain the set of images that are generated by varying the illumination impinging on the surface of a three-dimensional object for many different relative positions of that object and the viewing camera. The matrix elements of the spatial covariance matrix for an object are calculated for an arbitrary pre-determined distribution of illumination conditions. The maximum complexity is reduced for the model by approximating any pair of normal-vector and albedo from the set of all such pairs of albedo and normals with the centers of the clusters that are the result of the vector quantization of this set. For an object, a viewpoint-independent covariance matrix whose complexity is large, but practical, is constructed and diagonalized off-line. A viewpoint-dependent covariance matrix is computed from the viewpoint-independent diagonalization results and is diagonalized online in real time.
Owner:NEC CORP

Super-resolution device, super-resolution method, super-resolution program, and super-resolution system

An albedo estimating section produces an albedo image of an object from an original image captured by an image-capturing section by using light source information estimated by a light source information estimating section and shape information of the object obtained by a shape information obtaining section. An albedo super-resolution section performs super-resolution of the albedo image according to a conversion rule obtained from an albedo DB. A super-resolution section produces a high-resolution image obtained by performing super-resolution of the original image by using the super-resolution albedo image, the light source information and the shape information.
Owner:SOVEREIGN PEAK VENTURES LLC

Method and apparatus for face recognition

A training method of training an illumination compensation model includes extracting, from a training image, an albedo image of a face area, a surface normal image of the face area, and an illumination feature, the extracting being based on an illumination compensation model; generating an illumination restoration image based on the albedo image, the surface normal image, and the illumination feature; and training the illumination compensation model based on the training image and the illumination restoration image.
Owner:SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD +1

Real-time video defogging system

The invention provides a real-time video defogging system which belongs to the field of image processing and is characterized by being realized in a digital integrated circuit and comprising a data reading unit, a judgment unit, a sky brightness estimation unit, an atmosphere illumination white balance unit, an atmosphere dissipation image estimation unit and a clear scene recovery unit. As for the former K frames in the current lens of a video to be processed, the sky region thereof is estimated so that the sky brightness value is calculated; then the atmosphere illumination color of an image to be processed is corrected according to the sky brightness value by utilizing a white balance algorithm and a white balance image is normalized, the minimum values, minimum values of various colorcomponent are solved out so as to serve as rough estimated image; and based on the minimum values, an refined atmosphere dissipation image is calculated by utilizing an edge maintained flatting method, and the atmosphere scene albedo is calculated based on the atmosphere dissipation image, so that defogging recovery processing is carried out. As for a common-intermediate-format (CIF) video with the resolution of 288*352, the processing speed can be up to 60 fps (frames per second); and as for a D1-format video with the resolution of 578*720, the processing speed can be up to 15 fps, thus the system provided by the invention can be applied to monitoring systems and meet the requirement on real-time performance.
Owner:BEIJING UNIV OF TECH

Agricultural drought monitoring method

The invention discloses a method for monitoring farmland drought, which comprises obtaining soil or leaf water content of an observing point which is arranged on monitoring ground surface, building a functional relation between soil or leaf water content of the observing point and a corresponding index of characterized farmland drought condition, taking remote sensing data into the functional relation, and obtaining the soil or leaf water content of the monitoring ground surface, wherein the corresponding index of characterized ground surface drought condition is defined according to following methods: Firstly, the farmland ground surface whose vegetation coverage< =15% adopts a vertical drought index, secondly, the farmland ground surface whose vegetation coverage>15% and <= 65% adopts a vegetation conditions albedo drought index, and thirdly, the farmland ground surface whose vegetation coverage>65% to 100% adopts at least one of three following indexes: a short wave infrared vertical water loss index, a vegetation water content index, and a vegetation water deficit index. The ground surface drought monitoring method of the invention is applied for drought testing farmland ground surface with different vegetation coverage degrees.
Owner:PEKING UNIV

Method, apparatus and computer program product for single image de-hazing

InactiveUS20100259651A1Increase awarenessRecover haze-free scene contrastsImage enhancementTelevision system detailsAlbedoRadiance
A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided for recovering a haze-free image given a single input image. The method may include receiving a single input image I, wherein the input image is made up of a plurality of pixels. A surface radiance vector J of the input image I may be modeled as a product of a surface albedo coefficient R and a shading factor l. The method may further include determining, for each of the plurality of pixels, a value of a transmission t of the pixel, such that a covariance CΩ between the transmission t and the shading factor l is minimized, and recovering the surface radiance vector J based at least in part on the determined value of the transmission t for each pixel.
Owner:YISSUM RES DEV CO OF THE HEBREWUNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM LTD

Highly reflective microcrystalline/amorphous materials, and methods for making and using the same

Compositions comprising highly reflective microcrystalline / amorphous materials are provided. In some instances, the highly reflective materials are microcrystalline or amorphous carbonate materials, which may include calcium and / or magnesium carbonate. In some instances, the materials are CO2 sequestering materials. Also provided are methods of making and using the compositions, e.g., to increase the albedo of a surface, to mitigate urban heat island effects, etc.
Owner:BLUE PLANET SYST CORP

Image processing device, image processing method and image processing program

An image processing device calculates, from a registration image representing a photographed object and three-dimensional shape data in which respective points of a three-dimensional shape of the object are correlated with pixels of the registration image, by assuming uniform albedo, a shadow base vector group having components from which an image under an arbitrary illumination condition can be generated through linear combination. A shadow in the registration image is estimated with using the vector group. A perfect diffuse component image including the shadow is generated, and based on the image a highlight removal image is generated in which a specular reflection component is removed from the registration image. Thus, an image recognition system generates illumination base vectors from the highlight removal image and thereby can obtain the illumination base vectors based on which an accurate image recognition process can be carried out without influence of a specular reflection.
Owner:NEC CORP

Specular object scanner for measuring reflectance properties of objects

An apparatus to measure surface orientation maps of an object may include a light source that is configured to illuminate the object with a controllable field of illumination. One or more cameras may be configured to capture at least one image of the object. A processor may be configured to process the image(s) to extract the reflectance properties of the object including an albedo, a reflection vector, a roughness, and / or anisotropy parameters of a specular reflectance lobe associated with the object. The controllable field of illumination may include limited-order Spherical Harmonics (SH) and Fourier Series (FS) illumination patterns with substantially similar polarization. The SH and FS illumination patterns are used with different light sources.
Owner:UNIV OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

De-noising images using machine learning

The present disclosure relates to using a neural network to efficiently denoise images that were generated by a ray tracer. The neural network can be trained using noisy images generated with noisy samples and corresponding denoised or high-sampled images (e.g., many random samples). An input feature to the neural network can include color from pixels of an image. Other input features to the neural network, which would not be known in normal image processing, can include shading normal, depth, albedo, and other characteristics available from a computer-generated scene. After the neural network is trained, a noisy image that the neural network has not seen before can have noise removed without needing manual intervention.
Owner:PIXAR ANIMATION

Albedo-derived airship power system

A power generation system for an airship includes a solar array and an Earth array for converting solar radiation and albedo radiation, respectively, into electrical energy. The airship also carries a power distribution controller to receive the electrical energy for transfer to a power storage device and / or electrical components carried by the airship. The airship may also receive a man-made radiation source purposefully directed at the Earth array.
Owner:LOCKHEED MARTIN CORP

Crop biomass inversion method based on SEBAL-HJ model

The invention discloses a crop biomass inversion method based on a SEBAL-HJ model. The crop biomass inversion method is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, acquiring HJ-1 CCD, IRS images and elevation data DEM in a research plot, and carrying out geometric fine revision to the images; S2, inversing a land surface albedo, NDVI, SR, land surface emissivity and inversing land surface temperature; S3, calculating net radiation flux according to inversion results in the S2, and further calculating soil heat flux on the basis; S4, calculating sensible heat flux through cyclic reduction; S5, calculating the coefficient of evaporation ratio and obtaining evapotranspiration per day through space-time dimension expansion; S6, inversing fPAR on the basis of vegetative cover indexes NDVI and SR; S7, inversing NPP according to the inversion results of evapotranspiration per day in the step S5 and the inversion results of fPAR in the step S6; and S8, obtaining crop biomass through the accumulation of NPP after space-time reconstruction. According to the invention, the high-precision inversion of crop biomass is achieved, and the amount of calculation is relatively smaller.
Owner:CHINA AGRI UNIV

Super-resolution device, super-resolution method, super-resolution program, and super-resolution system

An albedo estimating section produces an albedo image of an object from an original image captured by an image-capturing section by using light source information estimated by a light source information estimating section and shape information of the object obtained by a shape information obtaining section. An albedo super-resolution section performs super-resolution of the albedo image according to a conversion rule obtained from an albedo DB. A super-resolution section produces a high-resolution image obtained by performing super-resolution of the original image by using the super-resolution albedo image, the light source information and the shape information.
Owner:SOVEREIGN PEAK VENTURES LLC

Skin reflectance model for representing and rendering faces

A face is scanned to obtain a three-dimensional geometry of the face, images are also acquired of the face, and subsurface scattering of the face is measured. A translucency map is determined from the subsurface reflectance. A total surface reflectance and a normal map are estimated from the three-dimensional geometry and the images, and diffuse reflectance is estimated using the total reflectance. An albedo map is determined from the diffuse reflectance. The diffuse reflectance is subtracted from the total reflectance to obtain a surface reflectance. A set of bi-directional reflectance functions is fitted to the surface reflectance. Then, the set of bi-directional reflectance distribution functions, the albedo map, and the translucency map are combined to form a skin reflectance model of the face.
Owner:MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC RES LAB INC +1

Method and system for generating earth surface albedo product

The invention discloses a method and system for generating an earth surface albedo product, which relate to the satellite remote sensing field. The method comprises the following steps of: according to classified POLDER BRDF data, obtaining POLDER albedo data and converting the POLDER albedo data to obtain wide waveband earth surface albedo data; according to sample MODIS earth surface albedo data and the wide waveband earth surface albedo data, building a first conversion model to obtain first earth surface albedo data; according to sample MODIS surface appearance albedo data and the wide waveband earth surface albedo data, building a second conversion model to obtain second earth surface albedo data; and integrating the first and second earth surface albedo data and the MODIS earth surface albedo data divided by grids to generate the earth surface albedo product with space-time continuum. According to the invention, the earth surface albedo product with long-time sequence, space-time continuum and high space-time resolution is generated and the inversion accuracy of the earth surface albedo product is improved.
Owner:BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY

Regional earth surface sensible heat/latent heat flux inversion method and system based on remote sensing data

The invention discloses a regional earth surface sensible heat / latent heat flux inversion method based on remote sensing data. The method comprises the following steps that a research area and the remote sensing data are determined; remote sensing earth surface and regional meteorological parameters are prepared according to the remote sensing data, wherein the remote sensing earth surface parameters comprise a normalized difference vegetation index NDVI, vegetation coverage f, albedo, earth surface emissivity Emiss, earth surface temperature Ts and a leaf area index LAI, and the regional meteorological parameters comprise air temperature Ta and relative humidity RH; net radiation flux Rn inversion is conducted according to the remote sensing earth surface and regional meteorological parameters; soil heat flux G inversion is conducted according to the leaf area index LAI, the air temperature Ta and net radiation flux Rn; radiation-convection impedance rae inversion is conducted according to theoretical two-dimensional space of the net radiation flux Rn, soil heat flux G, the vegetation coverage f and the earth surface temperature Ts and a temperature profile equation estimated through sensible heat flux; regional earth surface sensible heat H / latent heat LE flux inversion is achieved according to radiation-convection impedance rae.
Owner:CHINA INST OF WATER RESOURCES & HYDROPOWER RES

Wide Dynamic Range Depth Imaging

Wide dynamic range depth imaging in a structured light device is provided that improves depth maps for scenes with a wide range of albedo values under varying light conditions. A structured light pattern, e.g., a time-multiplexed structured light pattern, is projected into a scene at various projection times and a camera captures images of the scene for at least the same exposure times as the projection times. A depth image is computed for each of the projection / exposure times and the resulting depth images are combined to generate a composite depth image.
Owner:TEXAS INSTR INC

Method and system for preprocessing MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) surface albedo data

The invention discloses a method and a system for preprocessing MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) surface albedo data. The method comprises the following steps of: S1, acquiring remotely sensed data which are originally input; S2, carrying out missing data detection on the remotely sensed data which are originally input; S3, carrying out cloud and snow primary detection on theremotely sensed data which are originally input; S4, by using the obtained cloud and snow data as a training sample, detecting all data and identifying abnormal data; and S5, carrying out space-time filtering and interpolation on the remotely sensed data which are originally input. The system comprises a data input module, a data missing detection module, a cloud and snow detection module, an abnormal data detection module and a space-time filtering and interpolation module which are respectively used for implementing the above steps. According to the invention, by processing the missing and abnormal data in the surface albedo data, the surface albedo data of which a long-time sequence and space-time are continuously consistent can be generated and the accuracy of subsequent application and remote sensing inversion is improved.
Owner:BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY

Suede-making additive for low-reflectivity monocrystalline silicon

The invention relates to the technical field of crystalline silicon solar cell production, in particular to a suede-making additive for low-reflectivity monocrystalline silicon. Formula components comprise sodium tripolyphosphate, butyl naphthalenesulfoni and deionized water. When the additive is used for suede-making of the monocrystalline silicon, average value of surface albedo of a monocrystalline silicon sheet in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 1100 nm can be reduced to below 8% from current 10%, and an even, small and dense suede pyramid can be obtained. The suede-making additive can improve photoelectric conversion efficiency of a crystalline silicon solar cell, is favorable for stabilizing technology of the crystalline silicon solar cell, and has good practical value.
Owner:苏州先拓光伏科技有限公司

Photorealistic Facial Texture Inference Using Deep Neural Networks

A method for generating three-dimensional facial models and photorealistic textures from inferences using deep neural networks relies upon generating a low frequency and a high frequency albedo map of the full and partial face, respectively. Then, the high frequency albedo map may be used for comparison with correlation matrices generated by a neural network trained by a large scale, high-resolution facial dataset with simulated partial visibility. The corresponding correlation matrices of the complete facial textures can then be retrieved. Finally, a full facial texture map may be synthesized, using convex combinations of the correlation matrices. A photorealistic facial texture for the three-dimensional face rendering can be obtained through optimization using the deep neural network and a loss function that incorporates the blended target correlation matrices.
Owner:PINSCREEN INC

Linear spectral unmixing urban impervious surface remote sensing extraction method

The invention provides a linear spectral unmixing urban impervious surface remote sensing extraction method comprising the steps that step one, remote sensing image material files are acquired and data preprocessing and water body masking are performed; step two, first data files are obtained from the remote sensing image material files through minimum noise fraction rotation; step three, the purity of each pixel in the first data files is calculated through the pixel purity index; step four, the pixels greater than the preset purity value are selected from the first data files through screening according to the preset purity value so that the pixels of high purity, i.e. second data files, are obtained; step five, pure pixels are selected by using the characteristic scatter two-dimensional model between different components of the second data files through combination of high-resolution images; step six, the proportion of each end member of each pixel is solved based on the end members of the step five; and step seven, mask processing is performed on low-albedo surface features in the unmixing result, and finally the processed low-albedo surface features and high-albedo surface features are added and then an impervious surface coverage graph is obtained.
Owner:GUANGZHOU INST OF GEOGRAPHY GUANGDONG ACAD OF SCI

Global Land Surface Broadband Emissivity Inversion Method and System

The invention relates to the satellite remote sensing technology field and especially relates to a global land cover broadband emissivity inversion method and a system. The method comprises the following steps: S1. acquiring a surface reflectivity with a plurality of resolutions and an albedo and acquiring matched soil classification graph data; S2. carrying out pretreatment respectively to the surface reflectivity with a plurality of resolutions and the albedo; S3. carrying out spatial resample to the soil classification graph data, carrying out spatial matching to the pretreated surface reflectivity with a plurality of resolutions and the albedo and identifying each pixel of the spatial matched surface albedo; S4. determining a surface type of the land pixel; S5. establishing a conversion relation between the narrowband emissivity and the broadband emissivity so as to obtain the broadband emissivity of the water body pixel and the ice and snow pixel; S6. calculating the broadband emissivity of the pixel. In the invention, precision of broadband emissivity inversion can be improved through processing reflectivity data and albedo data.
Owner:BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY

Highly reflective microcrystalline/amorphous materials, and methods for making and using the same

Compositions comprising highly reflective microcrystalline / amorphous materials are provided. In some instances, the highly reflective materials are microcrystalline or amorphous carbonate materials, which may include calcium and / or magnesium carbonate. In some instances, the materials are CO2 sequestering materials. Also provided are methods of making and using the compositions, e.g., to increase the albedo of a surface, to mitigate urban heat island effects, etc.
Owner:BLUE PLANET

Multi-channel aerosol scattering absorption measuring instrument

The present invention discloses a multi-channel aerosol scattering absorption measuring instrument, comprising a light path device, a detection device and a gas path device. The light path device supplies three different wavelengths of laser entering the detection device in sequence; the detection device is provided with photoelectric detectors at multiple angles for measurement, so as to reduce the measurement error of aerosol scattering coefficient; the gas path device comprises a sample loading unit, a calibration unit and a sample discharging unit; and a light source from the light path device and a gas flow from the gas path device enter the photoacoustic cavity of the detection device respectively and are detected by a control unit. The aerosol scattering absorption measuring instrument of the present invention is characterized by multi-channel, multi-angular, full-scale and direct measurement of scattering phase function and absorption coefficient of aerosol particles, combines the function of synchronously acquiring the optical parameters of an aerosol (such as scattering coefficient, extinction coefficient, visibility, transmittance, single scattering albedo, etc.), and achieves the integrated on-line detection of different optical parameters of an aerosol with high automation degree and good stability.
Owner:NANJING UNIV

Face relighting for normalization of directional lighting

A method determines a direction of a principal light source in an image. An input image I is acquired of an object illuminated by a principal light source from an unknown direction. The input image includes an array of pixels, and each pixel has an intensity I(x, y). An intensity vector {right arrow over (I)} is constructed from the intensities of the input image. An albedo map ρ is defined for the object. An albedo vector {right arrow over (ρ)} is constructed from the albedo map. A shape matrix N is generated for the object. The albedo vector {right arrow over (ρ)} is multiplied by the shape matrix N to obtain a shape-albedo matrix A. Then, a direction s* to the principal light source is estimated from the intensity vector {right arrow over (I)}, the albedo vector {right arrow over (ρ)} and the shape-albedo matrix A according to an optimizations*=arg⁢⁢mins⁢I→-ρ→-As.
Owner:MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC RES LAB INC
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