67 results about "Water deficit" patented technology

The present invention provides nucleic acid constructs, including plasmids, expression vectors or expression cassettes comprising polynucleotides encoding CCAAT-binding transcription factor polypeptides that have the ability to increase a plant's tolerance to abiotic stress. Polynucleotides encoding functional CCAAT-binding transcription factors were incorporated into expression vectors, introduced into plants, and ectopically expressed. The encoded polypeptides of the invention significantly increased the cold and water deficit tolerance of the transgenic plants, as compared to tolerance to these stresses of control plants.

The present invention provides methods for growing plants to result in increased concentrations of one or more glucosinolates. The plant may be a member of the order Capparales, such as a Brassicaceae, a Capparaceae, or a cultivar thereof. The methods include exposing a plant to an altered radiation condition, a water deficit condition, an altered growth temperature, an altered level of sulfur and / or nitrogen, or a combination thereof.

A system that based on changes in agricultural crop or plant characteristics or dynamics, e.g., heat stress, water deficit stress, stem growth, leaf thickness, plant turgidity, plant color, nutrient composition, etc., or changes in environmental conditions, e.g., temperature, wind, pressure, relative humidity, dew point, precipitation, soil moisture, solar radiation, etc. or a combination of both, e.g., evapotranspiration, either automatically increases or decreases the speed or rate of movement or rotation of a mechanized irrigation system, e.g., center pivot, corner, linear, or lateral move irrigation system or similar, or reports a recommended increased or decreased speed or rate of movement or rotation of a mechanized irrigation system either directly or indirectly to the end user. The system responds directly or indirectly to data outputted from monitoring systems that gather and compile environmental (non-biotic), biotic or similar information from agricultural fields and crops.

The invention discloses a method for monitoring farmland drought, which comprises obtaining soil or leaf water content of an observing point which is arranged on monitoring ground surface, building a functional relation between soil or leaf water content of the observing point and a corresponding index of characterized farmland drought condition, taking remote sensing data into the functional relation, and obtaining the soil or leaf water content of the monitoring ground surface, wherein the corresponding index of characterized ground surface drought condition is defined according to following methods: Firstly, the farmland ground surface whose vegetation coverage< =15% adopts a vertical drought index, secondly, the farmland ground surface whose vegetation coverage>15% and <= 65% adopts a vegetation conditions albedo drought index, and thirdly, the farmland ground surface whose vegetation coverage>65% to 100% adopts at least one of three following indexes: a short wave infrared vertical water loss index, a vegetation water content index, and a vegetation water deficit index. The ground surface drought monitoring method of the invention is applied for drought testing farmland ground surface with different vegetation coverage degrees.

Transcription factor polynucleotides and polypeptides incorporated into nucleic acid constructs, including expression vectors, have been introduced into plants and were ectopically expressed. Transgenic plants transformed with many of these constructs have been shown to be more resistant to disease (in some cases, to more than one pathogen), or more tolerant to an abiotic stress (in some cases, to more than one abiotic stress). The abiotic stress may include, for example, salt, hyperosmotic stress, water deficit, heat, cold, drought, or low nutrient conditions.

The invention discloses and proposes a reservoir dispatching method based on multi-target shuffled frog leaping and differential algorithms. The reservoir dispatching method comprises the following steps of S11, acquiring basic information data of a reservoir; S12, building a multi-target optimal dispatching mathematic model considering constraint conditions of water balance, machine set output, discharged volume and generation power, wherein the target function is built based on maximum generation power, minimum water deficit, minimum surplus water and minimum output; S13, figuring out Pareto optimal solution of the multi-target optimal dispatching mathematic model by using the multi-target shuffled frog leaping and differential algorithms; and S14, automatically determining a reservoir optimal dispatching scheme by a multi-target decision method on the basis of the Pareto optimal solution. By the reservoir dispatching method, global optimization is achieved, the calculation efficiency is improved, and the requirement of automatically selecting the multi-target optimal dispatching scheme of the reservoir is met.

The invention relates to plant transcription factor polypeptides, polynucleotides that encode them, homologs from a variety of plant species, and methods of using the polynucleotides and polypeptides to produce transgenic plants having advantageous properties, tolerance low nitrogen, cold and water deficit conditions, and resistance to disease, as compared to wild-type or other control plants.

The invention discloses a data assimilation method for monitoring soil moisture. The method provided by the invention at least comprises an assimilation cycle, and each assimilation cycle comprises the following steps: (1) an ecological process model serves as a dynamic model to stimulate the space distribution state of soil moisture every day, the initial value in the dynamic model is an initial parameter and an initial soil moisture data, and the dynamic model is operated to output simulative soil moisture data; remotely sensed data on the soil surface is performed with inversion to obtain surface layer soil moisture data; the simulative soil moisture data in the remotely sensed data corresponding date is combined with the surface layer soil moisture data obtained by remotely sensed data inversion for data assimilation so as to obtain an optimized ecological process model parameter; (2) the optimized parameter is substituted into the dynamic model in step (1) to operate the dynamic model so as to obtain simulative soil moisture data every day. The method provided by the invention can connect soil moisture variety with vegetable physiological response mechanism by water deficit and stress, which improves the precision of field soil moisture monitoring and drought evaluation and has important application prospect.

A gas diffusion layer, a manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The gas diffusion layer having different hydrophilic / hydrophobic structure and channel therein can be manufactured quickly and easily by using a coating mask. The gas diffusion layer is used in various fuel cells to enhance the ability of water management and to solve the problem of flooding at the cathode, the problem of water deficit at the anode, and the problem of gas transfer. The gas diffusion layer includes a gas diffusion medium having a first property and a micro porous layer having a second property. The micro porous layer is formed on one surface of the gas diffusion medium. The micro porous layer has a plurality of channel layers penetrating the gas diffusion medium. One of the first property and the second property is hydrophilic, and the other is hydrophobic.

Embodiments of solar panel cleaning apparatuses, solar panel cleaning systems, and solar panel cleaning methods are disclosed. In certain embodiments, the disclosed solar panel cleaning apparatuses, systems and methods do may not require any water or other cleaning liquids in the whole cleaning process, which makes them prominent well suited in for water-deficit environments such as deserts. In one embodiment, the solar panel cleaning apparatus comprises one or more rotatable brushes each having a rotational axis and a drive configured to move each of the one or more rotatable brushes in a direction that is not perpendicular to the rotational axis. The solar panel cleaning apparatus is may be configured such that the angle of the rotational axis of at least one of the one or more rotatable brushes is adjustable relative to the direction of travel.

The invention discloses a drought evaluation method for coupling a distributed hydrological model and combining water deficit indexes. The method aims to overcome defects of a physical mechanism and the defect that time and space comparability is weak in Palmer drought indexes, and carry out standardization on the Palmer drought indexes. By means of a Capra function, a multivariate combined distribution is achieved, a multivariable combined water deficit index fusing multi-time scale information is built to serve as a comprehensive index for monitoring and evaluating regional droughts. A variable infiltration capability distributed hydrological model based on a river basin grid unit is coupled to achieve comprehensive continuous monitoring and stimulation of the droughts. The method has advantages in presenting area distribution features of the droughts and change situations along with time, meanwhile, further changes of disaster situations can be forecasted and predicted according to meteorological information and river basin social and economic data.

The invention provides a large-area farmland crop water status monitoring method based on unmanned aerial vehicle infrared thermal image acquisition. The method comprises the following steps: 1)arranging auxiliary devices in the field, that is, field air temperature sensors and a ground full-evaporation reference surface; 2) carrying out large-area infrared image acquisition on farmland corps through an infrared thermal imaging system fixed to an unmanned aerial vehicle through a pan-tilt, and synchronously triggering a GPS module to obtain positioning information of the corresponding images; and 3) receiving by a ground data processing system the infrared images and the positioning information, carrying out image registering, splicing and segmentation on the images, extracting spatial distribution of canopy temperature and ground full-evaporation reference surface temperature, calculating the temperature of leaves when the stomas of the crops are fully closed, and finally, calculating water deficit index of the crops and carrying out highlighted display and early warning on the areas, where the water deficit index of the crops is higher than a critical value. Besides, the invention also provides a system suitable for the method. The method and system are suitable for large-area farmland crop water status monitoring, facilitate to realize agriculture precision irrigation and improve agricultural modernization level.

The present invention is directed to a system, method and software program product for detecting and counteracting a temperature sensor failure with an irrigation controller operating in auto adjust watering mode. A plurality of pseudo temperature data are created from solar radiation for a particular location using unique pseudo temperature conversions for each temperature parameter. The pseudo temperature values can be compared to corresponding measured temperature values from the sensor to validate the integrity of the measurement. These pseudo temperature values are used in place of the measured temperatures for calculating a potential evapotranspiration water deficit for the site. Furthermore, if some valid measured temperature data existed prior to the sensor failure, the measured temperature data is compared to the corresponding pseudo temperature data. Any differences detected between the two values can be used to correct the pseudo temperature toward the measure temperature. The accuracy of the potential evapotranspiration water deficit using the corrected pseudo temperature values approach that of using measured temperature values.

The invention belongs to the technical field of water circulation of water conservancy projects and particularly relates to a distributed-type river basin water deficit calculating method based on terrain and soil characteristics. The method comprises the following steps: step1, processing basic data of an underlying surface of a river basin; step 2, counting grid terrain indices within basin perimeters; step 3, calculating soil characteristic parameters within the basin perimeters; step 4, quantitatively expressing distribution of river basin water deficit; and step 5, drawing cumulative distribution curves of river basin water deficit to acquire a calculating model of distributed-type river basin water deficit. when being applied to real-time flood forecasting, The distributed-type river basin water deficit calculating method based on the terrain and soil characteristics can substantially improve accuracy of flood forecasting and provide reliable scientific support for river basin flood-prevention early warning and the like. The distributed-type river basin water deficit calculating method based on the terrain and soil characteristics is not only suitable for a lumped-type hydrological model but also suitable for a distributed-type hydrological model and can effectively promote in-depth development of river basin hydrology science research.

The invention relates to the technical field of forecast and control in insufficient irrigation of crops and discloses control system and method for insufficient irrigation of crops. A data base including data such as water requirement, pan coefficient and water deficit percentage allowed by insufficient irrigation is established for corps in different areas and different growth phases. Evaporation from water surface of evaporation pans and rainfall are acquired by an automatic data acquisition system. Start time and duration of irrigation are calculated according to a formula. Forecast and control in insufficient irrigation are achieved by a controller system. The control method is applicable to forecasting and controlling insufficient irrigation for field crops in arid and semi-arid areas, gardens and protected agriculture, and is applicable to various irrigation methods of spray irrigation, drip irrigation, basin irrigation and the like. The control system and method are widely applicable. The control method is simple and is low in cost. Precision is guaranteed, and automation level is high.

The present invention is directed to a system, method and software program product for detecting and counteracting a temperature sensor failure with an irrigation controller operating in auto adjust watering mode. A plurality of pseudo temperature data are created from solar radiation for a particular location using unique pseudo temperature conversions for each temperature parameter. The pseudo temperature values can be compared to corresponding measured temperature values from the sensor to validate the integrity of the measurement. These pseudo temperature values are used in place of the measured temperatures for calculating a potential evapotranspiration water deficit for the site. Furthermore, if some valid measured temperature data existed prior to the sensor failure, the measured temperature data is compared to the corresponding pseudo temperature data. Any differences detected between the two values can be used to correct the pseudo temperature toward the measure temperature. The accuracy of the potential evapotranspiration water deficit using the corrected pseudo temperature values approach that of using measured temperature values.

The invention discloses an integrated intelligent irrigation system based on a cloud platform. The system comprises a drop irrigation unit, a control part, a gateway and a remote monitoring platform. A soil moisture sensor and an infrared thermal imaging device are connected with a wireless communication device through a wireless network, the wireless communication device transmits photos photographed based on soil moisture and growth conditions to partition controllers through the wireless network, the partition controllers are used in cooperation with the soil moisture sensor and infrared images to calculate crop moisture crop water deficit indexes, the water deficit index information is connected with a master controller through the wireless network, multiple sets of preset values of water demand in the growth stage of crops are stored in the master controller, and the remote monitoring platform controls a water pump according to microprocessor data to work when the current water deficit indexes are smaller than the corresponding current soil humidity value in the preset values.

The invention provides a method of managing fertilizer and irrigation inputs for a crop, the method comprising obtaining management data for the crop, the management data including a planting date for the crop; obtaining weather data representative of the geographic area of the crop; obtaining soil description data representative of the geographic area of the crop; calculating an emergence date at least partly from the planting date; calculating a plurality of nitrogen deficit values at least partly from the emergence date and the soil description data, the nitrogen deficit values associated with respective dates each later than the emergence date; calculating a plurality of water deficit values at least partly from the emergence date and the weather data, the water deficit values associated with respective dates each later than the emergence date; and presenting on a display a schedule of recommended nitrogen application values, irrigation values and application dates, the schedule calculated at least partly from the nitrogen deficit values and the water deficit values.

The invention discloses a multi-level urban sewage water reuse-and-recycle configuration data's dynamic processing method based on multi-objective hybrid genetic algorithm, comprising: 1) obtaining the basic information data of multi-level water resources relationship; establishing a multi-level data configuration relationship between urban centralized sewage treatment plants and centralized water regeneration plants; 2) obtaining basic information data and other data information about the urban centralized sewage treatment plants and the centralized water regeneration plants; 3) according to the above basic information data, establishing a multi-objective data configuration model which considers the conditions of water quality balancing, water supply capability, water transporting capability, water requiring capability and risk constraints wherein the objective function is a multi-objective function with the largest total water resources utilization, the maximum benefit of water resources reuse and the minimum per capita water deficit in sub-areas; and 4) using the multi-level urban sewage water reuse-and-recycle configuration data's dynamic processing method based on multi-objective hybrid genetic algorithm to seek data configuration schemes for different scenes. The method of the invention can meet the reuse-and-recycle data configuration requirement for urban multi-objective and multi-level sewage water.

A system and methods for the redistribution of water as a resource across large geographic distances where water deficits are matched with excess water conditions. The system utilizes a large area network of water conduits that extend between nodes, generally between water reservoirs and water usage areas. The system receives water into the network from geographic areas experiencing excess water and distributes the excess water to areas experiencing water deficits. The system includes terminal nodes having water inlet / outlet systems with metering and pumping components coupled with flow control valves. Each terminal node positioned at an existing reservoir is controlled to permit the inlet of water into the system or the discharge of water from the system. Intermediate nodes incorporate similar flow metering and pumping components as well as flow control valve components. The system is monitored and controlled through wired or wireless communication from a central station. The method provides for the establishment of normal water level ranges and the monitoring of a large number of geographic areas for excess water or water deficit conditions. The system matches excess water areas with deficit regions and coordinates the transfer of water between such regions. Excess water regions may also be coordinated with multiple normal water level regions for the distribution of excess water over a large area. A water deficit region without a direct match to a water excess region may draw from multiple normal regions.

Embodiments of solar panel cleaning apparatuses, solar panel cleaning systems, and solar panel cleaning methods are disclosed. In certain embodiments, the disclosed solar panel cleaning apparatuses, systems and methods do may not require any water or other cleaning liquids in the whole cleaning process, which makes them prominent well suited in for water-deficit environments such as deserts. In one embodiment, the solar panel cleaning apparatus comprises one or more rotatable brushes each having a rotational axis and a drive configured to move each of the one or more rotatable brushes in a direction that is not perpendicular to the rotational axis. The solar panel cleaning apparatus is may be configured such that the angle of the rotational axis of at least one of the one or more rotatable brushes is adjustable relative to the direction of travel.

The invention relates to a method for determining feasibility of the working condition of water feed pump tripping operation by runback of auxiliary failure of a thermal generator set. The method comprises the following steps that: (1) the water deficit amount allowed by a boiler steam header is determined when the water feed pump tripping operation runs back; (2) the smallest beginning time of the runback t1 is determined; (3) the smallest continuous time of the runback t2 is determined. The method has the advantages that: the method can carry out determination and evaluation to the feasibility of water feed pump runback and improve the success rate of the water feed pump runback and the safe operation level of the generator set.

The invention relates to the technical field of application of satellite remote sensing to disaster reduction, and in particular relates to an agricultural drought disaster-inducing factor risk assessment method based on real-time daily precipitation and environmental disaster-reduction satellite data. The agricultural drought disaster-inducing factor risk assessment method is based on real-time daily precipitation and environmental disaster-reduction satellite, and mainly comprises the steps of 1: calculating a precipitation deficit rate according to the real-time daily precipitation; 2: according to environmental disaster-reduction satellite multi-spectral data, calculating a ground water deficit rate; 3: calculating a normalized differential vegetation index according to the environmental disaster-reduction satellite multi-spectral data; 4: according to the precipitation deficit rate, the ground water deficit rate and the normalized differential vegetation index, constructing an agricultural drought disaster-inducing factor risk index; and 5: according to the agricultural drought disaster-inducing factor risk index, classifying and grading an agricultural drought disaster-inducing factor risk.

The invention discloses an adaptive water-saving irrigation method based on dynamic drought prediction. The adaptive water-saving irrigation method comprises the steps: building an irrigation region dynamic drought grade evaluation method through taking the soil moisture content as an index, building a soil moisture content real-time prediction model based on water balance, and judging the droughtgrade in a future prediction period based on short-term weather prediction; further determining a crop irrigation threshold value according to the pre-judged drought level; and constructing a crop real-time irrigation forecasting model, and forecasting the irrigation amount day by day in the forecasting period. Based on a crop water deficit compensation effect theory, the adaptive water-saving irrigation method innovatively provides a crop adaptive irrigation threshold value by fully considering the drought condition in the future time period, improves the defect that a single irrigation threshold value is taken in the crop growth period, and establishes the organic relation between crop irrigation and drought, so that the field water utilization efficiency is effectively improved, and the drought risk of crops is reduced, and the adaptive water-saving irrigation method has important significance in guaranteeing the national grain safety and developing efficient water-saving agriculture.

A system that based on changes in agricultural crop or plant characteristics or dynamics, e.g. heat stress, water deficit stress, stem growth, leaf thickness, plant color, nutrient composition, etc., or changes in environmental conditions, e.g., temperature, wind, pressure, relative humidity, dew point, precipitation, soil moisture, solar radiation, etc. or a combination of both, e.g., evapotranspiration, either automatically increases or decreases the speed or rate of movement or rotation of a mechanized irrigation system, e.g. center pivot, corner, linear, or lateral move irrigation system or similar, or reports a recommended increased or decreased speed or rate of movement or rotation of a mechanized irrigation system either directly or indirectly to the end user. The system responds directly or indirectly to data outputted from monitoring systems that gather and compile environmental (non-biotic), biotic or similar information from agricultural fields and crops.

The invention relates to a quick method for relieving water deficit of plants in arid desert areas. According to the method, the stimulation effect of water supply on a soil seed bank, the range in which soil condensate appears easily, the influence of a canopy structure on condensed water and a condensing surface made of dense nylon screens are used, so that the formation of hydroscopic water in different ranges, atmospheric water vapor condensed water and soil water vapor condensed water is promoted, an effective water supply is provided for the germination and seedling emergence of the soil seed bank, the plants are helped to overcome drought, and then the aim of relieving the water deficit of the plants in the arid desert areas is fulfilled. By the method, the survival rate of annual plants in the arid desert areas in which the amount of precipitation is less than 150mm, the amount of evaporation is more than 2,000mm and the groundwater depth is large (3 to 4m) is improved, and the invalid dissipation of the condensed water is avoided.

The invention provides a device for monitoring the water drinking amount. The device includes a microprocessor, a memory, a display screen, a load bearing unit and a key area, wherein the load bearing unit and the key area are connected with the microprocessor through a communication interface circuit. The microprocessor is used for accumulative calculation of the water drinking amount and a water deficit of the day; the memory is used for storing an operation result of the microprocessor and a prompt tone for prompting a user to drink water; the load bearing unit includes a scale pan, a weighing sensor and an A / D converter, wherein the scale pan is used for bearing a water cup, the weighing sensor is used for sensing the weight of the water cup on the scale pan, and the A / D converter is sued for converting an analog signal of the weight of the water cup output by the weighing sensor to a digital signal; and the key area includes an on / off key, a reset key, a water drinking amount / water deficit key, wherein the on / off key is used for starting / stopping the device for monitoring the water drinking amount, the reset key is used for resetting the current water drinking amount, and the water drinking / deficit amount key is used for switching the current accumulated water drinking amount and the current water deficit on the display screen. The invention also provides a method for monitoring the water drinking amount.

The present invention provides a method of improving the yield or water use efficiency in crops of useful plants cultivated under deficit irrigation which comprises the application of an agrochemical compound to the plant, parts of such plant, plant propagation material, or at its locus of growth, wherein the agrochemical compound is selected from the strobilurins, the neonicotinoids, the azoles, the SAR-inducing compounds, certain plant growth regulators (PGRs) and mixtures of such compounds.

Water deficit-inducible promoter sequences were identified that may be used to produce transgenic plants that are more tolerant to water deficit and related hyperosmotic stresses than control plants,and yet are wild-type or nearly wild type in appearance. Any of these water deficit-inducible promoters may be incorporated into an expression vector that comprises a polynucleotide regulated by one such promoter and which encodes a polypeptide that, when ectopically expressed, improves water deficit tolerance in plants that are similar to control plants in their morphology and development.

The present invention provides nucleic acid constructs, including plasmids, expression vectors or expression cassettes comprising polynucleotides encoding CCAAT-binding transcription factor polypeptides that have the ability to increase a plant's tolerance to abiotic stress. Polynucleotides encoding functional CCAAT-binding transcription factors were incorporated into expression vectors, introduced into plants, and ectopically expressed. The encoded polypeptides of the invention significantly increased the cold and water deficit tolerance of the transgenic plants, as compared to tolerance to these stresses of control plants.