634 results about "Water requirement" patented technology

The present invention provides an irrigation control system in which a device (irrigation scheduler) automatically modifies irrigation schedules of installed irrigation controllers to affect irrigating of the landscape based on the water requirements of the landscape plants and comprises: providing an irrigation controller programmed to execute irrigations on watering days by closing an electrical circuit connecting the controller and at least one irrigation valve; providing an irrigation scheduler programmed to execute irrigations on substantially equivalent watering days as the irrigation controller; and the irrigation scheduler selectively interrupting the electrical circuit to control the execution of irrigations on watering days. Preferably the microprocessor uses either an ETo value or weather data used in calculating the ETo value to at least partially derive the improved irrigation schedule.

An autonomous water source (AWS) for extracting water from ambient air and delivering it to a plant to support growth. The system is based on an adsorption-desorption-condensation (ADC) cycle using a sorption material to extract moisture from ambient air and condensing the water vapor driven off from the sorption material by subsequent heating and followed by condensation. Liquid condensate produced in this process on the condenser is collected and delivered by gravity to a plant to reduce thermal stress and to support growth. The invention provides a sustainable source of irrigation water for agriculture and forestry, including areas where no water resources exist or are not economically viable. It can be tailored in size, and therefore, output capacity, reflecting the desired water requirements of a particular application, and can be used to replace most agricultural situations now reliant on surface water drip feed systems. The device is simple, rugged, invulnerable to rain, snow, and freezing conditions, and can be designed to last for many years without service as there are few moving parts and power required for operation is provided by sunlight.

Methods and devices are provided to automatically determine plant water requirements and adjust irrigation in order to make efficient use of water. In one implementation, an irrigation control unit comprises a memory storing historical values of a plurality of variables used at least in part in calculating plant water requirements, and at least one input adapted to receive signals corresponding to current values of one or more of the plurality of variables. The unit also comprises a processor coupled to the at least one input and the memory, the processor adapted to determine the plant water requirements at least in part using, for each of the plurality of variables, a current value in the event the current value is available and at least in part using, for each of the plurality of variables, a stored historical value in the event the current value is not available.

An apparatus for generating a heated product stream downhole is provided wherein a fuel rich mixture is reacted downhole by contact with a catalyst to produce a partially reacted product stream, the fuel rich mixture comprising fuel and oxygen. The partially reacted product stream is brought into contact with an oxidant thereby igniting combustion upon contact producing a combustion product stream. The combustion product stream may be cooled by injecting a diluent flow such as water or CO2. The cooled combustion product stream may be injected into oil bearing strata in order to reduce the energy requirements for the production of heavy oil.

Methods and devices are provided to automatically determine plant water requirements and adjust irrigation in order to make efficient use of water. In one implementation, an irrigation control unit comprises at least one input adapted to be coupled to and receive signals from a rainfall sensor and a temperature sensor, the signals corresponding to current values of an amount of rainfall and temperature. The unit also includes a memory storing historical values of a plurality of variables and a processor coupled to the at least one input and the memory. The processor is adapted to determine plant water requirements at least in part using the historical values of the plurality of variables and the current values of the temperature and the amount of rainfall.

Methods and devices are provided to automatically determine plant water requirements and adjust irrigation in order to make efficient use of water. In one implementation, the invention may be characterized as a method comprising: receiving, user entered historical values of one or more environmental variables, wherein the historical values correspond to a geographic region and storing the historical values in a memory; receiving current values of one or more environmental variables useful in determining the plant water requirements from one or more sensors, the values corresponding to a geographic region and the other environment variables being different from the one or more environmental variables and storing the current values in the memory; and determining the plant water requirements based at least in part on the user entered historical values and the current values of the one or more other environmental variables.

The invention is a device and the method conducting seawater washing treatment to the ship exhaust gas which belongs to the ship exhaust gas treatment technical field. The ship exhaust gas after the dust-removing pretreatment is treated by seawater washing in a hollow fiber membrane contactor which serves as a syringe, a control system comprising an SO2 density monitor, a water quality monitor and a PLC programmable controller conducts real-time detection and storage to the SO2 density and waste water quality in the ship exhaust gas after treatment, as well as the control to the water discharging. The invention has beneficial effects that: water requirement is little by adopting the hollow fiber membrane contactor as the syringe, and the oxysulfide and particle substances in the ship exhaust gas can be effectively eliminated; and real-time monitoring, collection and storage of treatment effects of the ship exhaust gas and the seawater by adopting the PLC programmable controller facilitate the inspections of port states.

The invention relates to a manufacture method for holographic direct plating lining paper which belongs to the technical field of an aluminum-plated paper manufacture method. The working procedures include: (1) providing a film; (2) carrying out laser holographic contour forging treatment on the film; (3) coating a layer of compound glue dope on the surface of the film with the holographic layer and then compounding with a lining paper base; (4) peeling off the film to obtain the paper base with holographic information and meeting the water requirements of aluminum plating; (5) plating aluminum on the coat of the paper base; (6) subsequent treatment of aluminum plating; core: compounding the coat printed with a holographic pattern on the paper base to replace the spreading pre-treatment on the paper base and directly carrying out vacuum aluminum plating on the surface of a dope layer. The invention has the effects that: 1, the quality of the holographic lining paper is high and completely removes various defects of the lining paper manufactured by a common direct plating method; 2 the technique step is simple; besides, as a BOPP film can be repeatedly used, the cost can be reduced, thus being suitable for batch manufacture; 3, compared with the common direct plating lining paper, the holographic pattern is added, thus being beneficial to anti-fake of the product and improving the grade of the product.

The invention relates to a preparation method of calcium oxide expansion agents. The method comprises the following steps: mixing and grinding lime stone and composite mineralizer to obtain raw material, calcining at 1100-1300 DEG C to obtain calcium oxide expansion agent chamotte, and mixing and grinding the chamotte with disperse carrier to obtain the calcium oxide expansion agents, wherein composite mineralizer is composed of 50-70wt% of gypsum and 30-50wt% of copper slag, the weight ratio of composite mineralizer to lime stone is 5:95-10:90, and the weight ratio of calcium oxide expansion agent chamotte to disperse carrier is 75:25-90:10. The calcining heat of the calcium oxide expansion agents of the invention is relatively lower, calcium oxide is not easy to overheat; the water requirement of hydrated product is small, the expansion efficiency is high, the expansion rate is high; and cement concrete can realize effective expansion in dry environment.

The invention relates to the fields of image processing technology, the sensor technology and the water-saving irrigation, disclosing a crop irrigation system combined with computer vision and multi-sensor, wherein the technology adopted by the invention is non-destructive crop water-lacking detection combined with computer vision and multi-sensor; the system comprises the steps of obtaining and dividing a crop image, and extracting characteristic parameters; computing the characteristic parameters according to a growth data model; and then combining sensor data of a soil water potential sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and the like, finally, finishing judgment by a genetic neural network, and controlling a single chip to drive an electromagnetic valve according to a judgment result to finish crop irrigation. The system can obtain water requirement information of crops immediately, achieve accurate irrigation immediately, and improve the utilization rate of water resource. The system has good practicability and can be applied to crop plantation areas such as a greenhouse, a farmland, a nursery garden and the like.

The invention discloses high-magnesium minimum-inflation low-heat cement and a preparation method thereof. A high-magnesium minimum-inflation low-heat cement clinker comprises the following mineral compositions in percentage by weight: 10-35% of C3S, 40-65% of C2S, 1-5% of C3A, 10-20% of C4AF and 6.0-8.0% of MgO. The concrete prepared by the cement has the characteristics of good liquidity, low water requirement amount, low hydration heat, high long-term strength, good durability and minimum inflation performance, and can be used for compensating the contraction of big-volume concrete and hydraulic concrete and reducing a concrete crack. Compared with the traditional portland cement and the low-heat portland cement, the high-magnesium minimum-inflation low-heat cement is more favorable for realizing the volume stability and the safety of the concrete, and is an ideal cementing material for the major projects, especially the big-volume concrete and hydraulic concrete engineering.

The invention relates to a high-magnesium moderate heat portland cement, which is characterized in that (1) the contents of MgO and SO3 in the cement are 3.0-6.5% and 1.4-2.2% respectively; (2) the weight percentages of the mineral composition for grinding cement clinker are 35-55% of C3S, 15-35% of C2S, 1-6% of C3A and 10-25% of C4AF; and the content of MgO in the cement clinker is 3.0-6.5%; (3) in the raw materials for calcining the clinker, the contents of MgO, CaO and Fe2O3 are respectively controlled at a certain value within the ranges of 2.5-3.8%, 38.0-42.0% and 3.5-4.5%, and the variation ranges thereof are respectively controlled within plus or minus 0.10%, plus or minus 0.20% and plus or minus 0.15%. The production method of the cement mainly comprises three procedures of raw material milling, clinker calcining and cement grinding, namely, 'two grinding and one calcining'. The concrete made from the cement is characterized by good fluidity, low water requirement, moderate cement heat, high later strength, good durability, microdilatancy performance, and the like; compared with the conventional portland cement and moderate heat portland cement, the high-magnesium moderate heat portland cement is more favorable for realizing high performance of the concrete.

A gas generator is provided with a combustion chamber into which oxygen and a hydrogen containing fuel are directed for combustion therein. The gas generator also includes water inlets and an outlet for a steam and CO2 mixture generated within the gas generator. The steam and CO2 mixture can be used for various different processes, with some such processes resulting in recirculation of water from the processor back to the water inlets of the gas generator. In one process a hydrocarbon containing subterranean space is accessed by a well and the steam and CO2 mixture is directed into the well to enhance removability of hydrocarbons within the subterranean space. Fluids are then removed from the subterranean space include hydrocarbons and water, with a portion of the hydrocarbons then removed in a separator / recovery step. The resulting hydrocarbon removal system can operate with no polluting emissions and with no water requirements.

Systems and methods for collecting, storing, and redistributing water, which systems and methods make use of building foundations and surface concrete slab structures. A variety of rainwater collectors are anticipated, including rooftop collection systems (e.g., gutters) and ground surface covering structures (driveways, sidewalks, parking lots, and patios). These collection systems are joined together in a collection conduit system that carries the rainwater to one or more rainwater containment vessels. The stored water may then be redistributed, again through a variety of distribution means, to address part or all of the landscape watering requirements of the property. The system takes advantage of standard foundation and slab construction techniques to establish a major portion of the structure required for the containment vessel.

Methods and systems for recovering heat and water from waste streams produced during oil sands extraction to form dry, stackable tailings. A tailings stream is preheated in a heat exchanger, thereby reducing the energy required to dry the tailings. The preheated tailings are then dried, thereby reducing the tailings to dry stackable tailings or thickened tailings suitable for mine backfill. Heat and high-quality water are recovered from the drying operation and re-used in the preheat operation, or in other steps of oil sands extraction or treatment processes, thereby reducing the overall heat and water requirements.

The invention provides a winter wheat water consumption predicting method based on weather forecast information. With comprehensive consideration of influences of the crop self-growth-and-development situation and the environment factors including the meteorological condition, the soil condition and the like, a prediction model for estimating the reference crop water requirement (ET0) based on the weather forecast information and a model for estimating a winter wheat crop coefficient based on accumulative temperature are established through field trials and numerical simulation, the prediction model and the model for estimating the winter wheat crop coefficient are coupled into a water balance equation, real-time prediction is conducted on the soil moisture content of winter wheat in a Guangli irrigated area and a people victory canal irrigated area, and irrigation date and irrigating water quota are determined according to irrigating index of different growth periods of the winter wheat so that real-time monitoring of the soil moisture content, drought severity comprehensive analysis and real-time prediction of crop irrigation are achieved. The visual decision basis is provided for an irrigation management layer and a decision maker, timely and appropriate amount of irrigation is instructed for the irrigated areas, and the utilization rate and utilization efficiency of an irrigation water resource of the irrigated areas are improved.

The invention relates to the field of water conservancy projects, in particular to a total water consumption control-based newsvendor method for the optimal allocation of water resources. The method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting water supply quantity data and water requirement data according to water distribution transferring conditions and demands for water; S2, determining the objective function and the water distributing coefficient through combining with the data collected in the step S1 and taking the comprehensive benefit of the economy, the society and the ecological environment as the maximum goal; S3, forming constraint conditions of the optimal allocation of the water resources according to data conditions in a water resource simulating system; and S4, solving a total water consumption-controlled newsvendor model for the optimal allocation of the water resources. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of closely integrating a current social proposition of controlling the total water consumption with dynamic change information of water market price, reflecting the influence of different total water consumption controlling index schemes onthe net income of water users, effectively coordinating relationships among drainage basin water, water demand and total water consumption control and water distributing indexes and according with water consumption characteristics of southern areas with high water consumption intensity.

The invention discloses a drought resisting and water saving cultivation technique for performing direct sowing on a dry paddy field by fully using natural precipitation, which is used for adjusting the growth period of paddy rice according to water requirements at each growth and development stage of the paddy rice and statistical data of historical meteorological data for a natural precipitation rule of every local ten days, so that each growth and development stage of the paddy rice is matched with the natural precipitation of every local ten days and corresponding comprehensive technical measures are taken to fulfill the aim of resisting drought, saving water and stably increasing yield. The cultivation technique changes a traditional paddy rice cultivation mode, finishes one season of paddy rice production only by using natural precipitation without soaking seed, raising rice seedlings and transplanting or needing irrigation and plowing and can directly perform direct sowing production on the dry paddy field in a dry land or a non-dry land. Therefore, the technique saves irrigation water, lowers costs of seedlings, transplanting, drought resisting, water pumping, plowing and the like, saves labor, cuts down expenditures and increases income and is favorable for realizing increment of grain production and rural incomes and agricultural efficiency and realizing resource conservation, energy conservation and emission reduction.

The invention provides a water resource multi-objective balanced scheduling method based on a macroscopic configuration scheme. The method comprises the steps that S1, constructing a water resource macroscopic configuration model, and obtaining the water resource macroscopic configuration scheme; S2, generalizing a water resource multi-objective balanced scheduling system and setting parameters; S3, on the basis of a water resource macroscopic configuration scheme, coupling a time sequence from the perspective of a model calculation time period, and coupling an objective function from the water demand of each water user and the average runoff value of the ecological node in ten-day period; Coupling constraint conditions from the water supply quantity of each water source to the water demand quantity of each water user; S4, constructing a water resource multi-target equalization scheduling model, and solving by adopting a Gaussian optimization chaotic particle swarm algorithm to obtaina multi-target equalization solution; S5, judging whether the multi-target equalization solution meets the optimal equalization solution or not, and not repeating S4; outputting the Optimal solution if so. According to the method, the real-time influence and the pre-event constraint factors in the water resource distribution process can be accurately considered, a more reasonable water resource scheduling scheme is provided for a decision maker, and the maximum water supply benefit is brought into play by utilizing limited water resources.

The invention relates to the technical field of forecast and control in insufficient irrigation of crops and discloses control system and method for insufficient irrigation of crops. A data base including data such as water requirement, pan coefficient and water deficit percentage allowed by insufficient irrigation is established for corps in different areas and different growth phases. Evaporation from water surface of evaporation pans and rainfall are acquired by an automatic data acquisition system. Start time and duration of irrigation are calculated according to a formula. Forecast and control in insufficient irrigation are achieved by a controller system. The control method is applicable to forecasting and controlling insufficient irrigation for field crops in arid and semi-arid areas, gardens and protected agriculture, and is applicable to various irrigation methods of spray irrigation, drip irrigation, basin irrigation and the like. The control system and method are widely applicable. The control method is simple and is low in cost. Precision is guaranteed, and automation level is high.

Methods of making and using a superabsorbent starch graft copolymer involve producing starch graft copolymers having particle sizes useful in granule applicators for application to agricultural fields. Starch graft copolymers applied to field crops provide excellent anti-crusting properties, increased seed germination and stand, increased crop growth, increased yields, and reduced water requirements.

An autonomous water source (AWS) for extracting water from ambient air and delivering it to a plant to support growth. The system is based on an adsorption-desorption-condensation (ADC) cycle using a sorption material to extract moisture from ambient air and condensing the water vapor driven off from the sorption material by subsequent heating and followed by condensation. Liquid condensate produced in this process on the condenser is collected and delivered by gravity to a plant to reduce thermal stress and to support growth. The invention provides a sustainable source of irrigation water for agriculture and forestry, including areas where no water resources exist or are not economically viable. It can be tailored in size, and therefore, output capacity, reflecting the desired water requirements of a particular application, and can be used to replace most agricultural situations now reliant on surface water drip feed systems. The device is simple, rugged, invulnerable to rain, snow, and freezing conditions, and can be designed to last for many years without service as there are few moving parts and power required for operation is provided by sunlight.

The present invention discloses a crop irrigation water requirement calculation method on future climatic conditions. The method comprises the steps of collecting the future climatic mode data, and correcting the future climatic mode data based on the historical actually measured meteorological data to enable the future climatic mode data to be suitable for the climatic change influence evaluation of a region or station scale; according to the growth period data of a crop field test and an accumulated temperature formula, constructing a response model of the crop planting date and the crop growth period length to the temperature; utilizing a penman formula to combine a single crop coefficient method and a soil moisture stress coefficient to calculate the crop daily water requirement; based on a crop irrigation system and a water balance principle to calculate the crop daily irrigation water requirement. Aiming at the influence of the climatic change on the agricultural water resource security, the method of the present invention considers the change of the crop planting date and the growth period caused by the global warming, so that a water resource planning management department can forecast the regional future agricultural water resource utilization amount more accurately, and accordingly, a water resource planning scheme is proposed more reasonably.

The invention discloses a real-time agricultural irrigation monitoring and regulating system based on big data and the Internet of Things. The real-time agricultural irrigation monitoring and regulating system based on big data and the Internet of Things comprises a data collecting module, a data processing module, an image collecting module, an image processing module, an image feature analyzingmodule, a manual input module, a storage database, a cloud server, an irrigation coefficient analyzing module, an irrigation execution end, a fertilization execution end and a display. According to the provided intelligent constructional engineering construction operation environment monitoring system based on big data, by collecting and processing image information of crops, analyzing the kinds and growth stages of the crops in combination with collection and processing of the soil humidity, the air temperature, the air humidity and the wind speed in farmland within various collection time periods, counting irrigation coefficients of crop soil, and then extracting the volume, corresponding to each irrigation coefficient, of water needed for irrigation per square meter according to the corresponding irrigation coefficient of the crop soil to obtain the irrigation water volume corresponding to an occupied area of the farmland, collecting and analyzing nutrient elements of the farmland soil at the same time, and supplying nutrient elements which the soil is short of in time, irrigation and fertilization integrated operation is achieved, the accuracy of the irrigation water volume andthe fertilization amount of the soil is improved, and the water requirement and the fertilization amount of the soil can be analyzed reasonably according to the current practical situations of the soil and the crops, so as to conduct intelligent irrigation and fertilization, so that waste of water resources and fertilizers and high human cost are reduced.

The invention discloses an air-conditioning heat pump device, which comprises a compressing mechanism, a heat-source side heat exchanger, a user side heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a second throttling mechanism, a four-way valve, a first flow-direction control valve, a second flow-direction control valve, a ninth flow-direction control valve, a first one-way valve, a second one-way valve, a third one-way valve, a fourth-one-way valve, an economizer, a third throttling mechanism, a fifty one-way valve, a sixth one-way valve, a seventh one-way valve and an eighth one-way valve. When in operation, free switching of single-double stage compression can be realized according to requirements; the air-conditioning heat pump device can work normally under high-low temperature working environment to realize a plurality of operation states, such as producing domestic hot water, refrigerating or heating, and the like. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, and low cost, and is particularly suitable for domestic small-medium size air-conditioning heat pump devices with domestic hot water requirements.

An autonomous water source for extracting water from ambient air and delivering it to a plant to support growth. The system is based on an adsorption-desorption-condensation cycle using a sorption material to extract moisture from ambient air and condensing the water vapor driven off from the sorption material by subsequent heating and followed by condensation. Liquid condensate produced in this process on the condenser is collected and delivered by gravity to a plant to reduce thermal stress and to support growth. The invention provides a sustainable source of irrigation water for agriculture and forestry, including areas where no water resources exist or are not economically viable. It can be tailored in size, and therefore, output capacity, reflecting the desired water requirements of a particular application, and can be used to replace most agricultural situations now reliant on surface water drip feed systems. The device is simple, rugged, invulnerable to rain, snow, and freezing conditions, and can be designed to last for many years without service as there are few moving parts and power required for operation is provided by sunlight.

The invention belongs to the technical field of production of Portland cement clinker, and particularly relates to a low-alkality Portland cement clinker and a preparation method thereof. The low-alkality Portland cement clinker is characterized by being prepared from limestone in different grades, iron ore, shale, wet fly ash and siltstone as raw materials according to the steps of grinding, uniformly mixing, calcinating at high temperature and then cooling. The low-alkality Portland cement clinker prepared by the preparation method is low in alkali content, low in water requirement, high instrength and high in utilization rate of low-grade limestone.

The invention discloses a method for controlling water of a seedbed of cured tobacco seedlings by floating cultivation, relating to soilless and waterless seedlings culture of crops. The method comprises two steps of: reconstruction of a nutrition pool: removing an earth stripe at one end of a conversional nutrition pool, digging a puddle for storing nutrient fluid, sequentially arranging two columns of bamboo splints in the nutrition pool, and placing a floating plate overhead after the nutrient fluid is discharged so as to form an air layer between the bottom of the floating plate and the liquid level; and water control of cured tobacco seedlings by dry-wet alternation and discontinuous water supply: moving the nutrient fluid in due time according to the water requirement pattern of thecured tobacco seedlings so as to ensure water for the growth of the cured tobacco seedlings. The method has the advantages that: (1) the water supply time and the supplying water are based on the water requirement pattern of the cured tobacco seedlings in growing so as to be beneficial to promoting the growth of the seedlings and improving the quality of the cured tobacco seedlings; (2) the nutrient fluid is reused, the utilization ratio of water and nutrients is greatly improved, and the collected nutrients can also be used for other plants so as to reduce pollution to the environment; and (3) the plate airing process caused by overmuch water in a floating cultivation substrate during latter hardening off is reduced, the labor intensity is lowered and the manpower is saved.

The invention provides an automatic building control system and an automatic building control method, in particular an automatic control system and an automatic control method for a boiler. In a valley power consumption stage, the boiler stores water as much as possible, and can meet the hot water requirement in a peak water consumption stage so as to realize staggered power consumption; and in a peak power consumption stage, under the condition of meeting the hot water requirement, the boiler is not started as far as possible or the starting time of the boiler is delayed as far as possible so as to reduce power consumption of hot water production and energy consumption cost for maintaining the constant temperature of the hot water of the boiler. The invention also provides an automatic building control method capable of pre-starting fresh air and dehumidifying equipment. The automatic building control method has the function of automatically pre-starting the fresh air and dehumidifying equipment, and ensures the air quality and dry and comfortable sheets and beddings of a spare room to be sold. The invention also provides a method for prompting room management exception. The method for prompting the room management exception comprises steps of judging whether a room is occupied according to real-time monitoring, comparing the data with that in a room sales database, and automatically judging whether the room management is exceptional so as to avoid room occupation in an exceptional management way to realize automatic room management.