94 results about "Hydrological modelling" patented technology

The invention discloses a design method for a distributed hydrological model by using a grid as an analog unit, which is called as ESSI for short. The design method comprises the following steps of: obtainment of a distributed parameter: converting vector data into grid data; generalization of a watershed hydrological process: establishing a universal runoff generating type for the grid; design of a runoff generating process: respectively computing the water-quantity distributing condition of each part according to different prior-period soil water conditions; design of a flow collecting process: respectively designing a Muskingum-Cunge method, a delay algorithm and a riverway segmentation Muskingum method for the flow collecting process computation of the model under different conditions; and model development and integration. The invention not only can finish the watershed hydrological process simulation at an arid region and a humid region, but also can realize the short-term flood forecast and the long-term rainfall-runoff process simulation and prediction of a watershed by using modularization and integration ideas as means, thereby providing scientific reference bases for deeply learning about the physical mechanism of water circulation by people, reducing the drought and water-logging disasters and reasonably developing and utilizing water resources.

The invention provides a watershed hydrological model design method based on a storage capacity curve and a TOPMODEL, which comprises the following steps: calculating surface runoff yield; calculating subsurface runoff yield; calculating evapotranspiration; applying a water balance equation; establishing a convergence mechanism; generating isochrones; dynamically and visually expressing soil moisture; and coupling with a Noah land surface model (Noah LSM). The method has a high simulation deterministic coefficient, is advantageous over a semi-distributed model TOPMODEL, a Xinanjiang model and distributed hydrological models such as an engineering and science summer institute (ESSI) model, a hydrologic engineering center hydrologic modeling system (HEC-HMS) model and a soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model in the simulation of a daily runoff process and the simulation of a flood process, and overcomes the drawback that the conventional watershed hydrological model is usually inapplicable to hydrological process accurate simulation under large-scale, arid and semiarid conditions. The model of the invention can be successfully coupled with Noah LSM and improves the rainfall, soil moisture and runoff broadcasting capacity of a service weather research forecast mode, namely global/regional assimiliation prediction system (GRAPES)-mesoscale(MESO).

The invention relates to a hydrological model calibrating method used for small watershed individual flood forecasting, comprising the following steps: collecting and treating data of a typical rainfall flood process; selecting a hydrologic catchment model with a mixed runoff generation mechanism; determining an objective function used for small watershed individual flood simulation; optimally selecting parameters for calibrating a hydrological model; and judging the applicability of the calibrated hydrological model to individual flood simulation. Aiming at defects in calibration of the hydrological model and by combining with the rainfall runoff generation characteristics of small watersheds in the north, a concentrated hydrological model with a mixed runoff generation mechanism is selected; by taking SCE-UA algorithm as basis and comprehensively considering three flood elements including flood peak, flood volume and flood hygrograph, parameters of the hydrological model can be calibrated by constructing a comprehensive objective function with variable weight; and on the basis of evaluating the calibrating effect of the hydrological model, a three-level judgment criteria comprehensively considering rainfall characteristics, drainage area and engineering requirements is provided, so that the calibrated hydrological model can better meet the requirement of flood forecasting ofsmall watersheds in the north.

A distributed hydrological simulation based drought assessment and forecasting model method includes steps of firstly, establishing a river basin space geological information base on the basis of a geological information system; secondly, establishing a distributed hydrological model based on a geomorphic grid unit by means of a GIS (geological information system) spatial analysis tool on the basis of the river basin space geological information base, utilizing meteorological data as input conditions of the model, applying the distributed hydrological model for distributed simulation of river basin process, and taking simulation results as various outputted hydrological feature information; thirdly, establishing a drought forecasting model on the basis of hydrologic budget according to the internal relation among various meteorological hydrological features, and utilizing PDSI (palmer drought severity index) as comprehensive balance index of drought severity. The drought forecasting model based on distributed hydrological simulation has advantages on aspects of displaying regional distribution features of the drought severity and evolution trend along with time and the like and can forecast and predict development and change of the drought severity by combining with meteorological information.

The invention discloses a digital river-lake network based method for dividing a water collection unit of a river basin of a plain river network region. A traditional method for generating a grid flow direction matrix by a DEM (digital elevation model) to extract a river network is changed, and real digital river-lake networks are directly adopted and used for assisting in division of the water collection unit of the river basin to expectedly obtain a drainage structure really expressing a hydrological topological relation of the plain river network region, and the water collection unit. The method comprises the following steps of: step 1, constructing a hydrological space element data model of the plain river network region; step 2, extracting a hydrological node, defining a vector river network flow direction according to the node type, and establishing a topological relation between the river-lake networks; step 3, generating a grid flow direction by using the DEM, and correcting the grid flow direction by using the river-lake networks with a flow direction relation; and step 4, according to the grid flow direction and the positions of the river-lake networks, dividing the water collection unit of the river basin. The method solves the problem in division of the water collection unit of the plain river network region with a complicated river-lake network structure, and is of great significance on distributed hydrological simulation of the plain river network region.

The invention discloses a drought evaluation method for coupling a distributed hydrological model and combining water deficit indexes. The method aims to overcome defects of a physical mechanism and the defect that time and space comparability is weak in Palmer drought indexes, and carry out standardization on the Palmer drought indexes. By means of a Capra function, a multivariate combined distribution is achieved, a multivariable combined water deficit index fusing multi-time scale information is built to serve as a comprehensive index for monitoring and evaluating regional droughts. A variable infiltration capability distributed hydrological model based on a river basin grid unit is coupled to achieve comprehensive continuous monitoring and stimulation of the droughts. The method has advantages in presenting area distribution features of the droughts and change situations along with time, meanwhile, further changes of disaster situations can be forecasted and predicted according to meteorological information and river basin social and economic data.

The invention discloses an urban hydrological simulation system and a simulation method, which relate to the technical field of urban precipitation management. The invention includes a rainfall floodmanagement model, the simulation system includes a time-varying precipitation unit, a surface water evaporation unit, a snow cover and melt unit, a depression interception unit, a soil seepage unit, agroundwater recharge unit, a groundwater and drainage pipe exchange unit, a slope catchment unit, a LID control unit, a region editing unit that are associated with the rainfall flood management model, and the simulation system further comprise a storage module, an aquifer editing module and a groundwater flow editing module. The invention has comprehensive simulation function and can provide comprehensive and representative analysis data through a complete functional system unit structure. The influence of DCIA and TIA setting on runoff generation in urbanization region is analyzed under thepremise of comprehensive consideration of parameters. More objective and accurate reference and opinions are provided for urban planning.

The invention provides a method for quantifying influence on basin water resources by climate change and human activities. The method comprises the following steps: S1, dividing a long sequence reference period; S2, carrying out restore calculation on hydrologic features of rainfall and temperature; S3, establishing a foundation database; S4, carrying out large-scale basin distributed hydrologic simulation; S5, quantitatively representing influence sub-items of the climate change and the human activities. According to the method provided by the invention, a basin distributed hydrologic model, a hydrologic feature restore technology and a sub-item quantifying method are effectively coupled, the method for quantifying the influence on the basin water resources by the climate change and the human activities is established, and the method has important significance to decisions such as basin water resource evolution analysis and identification, water source project planning layout and water resource space allocation in a varying environment.

The invention discloses an integrated slope runoff simulation and monitoring device, and belongs to the technical field of hydrological simulation. The integrated slope runoff simulation and monitoring device comprises a removable multi-channel multi-stage grade-changed steel groove for supporting vegetation and soil on a simulated basin underlying surface, a produced runoff collecting and monitoring system for realizing automatic metering and runoff recording, and an integrated underlay surface monitoring system for automatically monitoring an underlay surface parameter change of a runoff dynamic process and transmitting data to an operating console. The integrated slope runoff simulation and monitoring device has a compact structure, realizes integration of underlay surface simulation and monitoring, and small-area runoff collecting and recording, is easy for installation, operation and maintenance, and is safe and reliable in operation.

The invention provides a hilly region hydrological forecasting model and data precision matching method based on uncertainty analysis. The method comprises the steps that (1) the influence of a certain type of data precision on simulation is analyzed; and (2) based on analysis of the influence of a single type of data precision on a hydrological simulation result, the data precision with a large influence on the result is selected, a variance decomposition method ANOVA is adopted to quantize contributions of many data types to uncertainty of the simulation result during hydrological simulation, the source influencing the uncertainty of the simulation result is recognized, and a hydrological forecasting model and data precision matching scheme is found. According to the method, factors influencing the uncertainty of a hydrological model are considered comprehensively, and the variance decomposition method ANOVA is successfully applied to hydrological model uncertainty research; service is provided for comprehensively knowing the essential and inherent law of hydrological model uncertainty, and a more effective suggestion and reference are provided for mountain flood disaster forecasting and early warning work.

The invention discloses a river network water system connectivity calculation method based on graph theory improvement and hydrology simulation. The method includes: step A, extracting a digital rivernetwork water system graph, generalizing the same as a topological structure, and establishing an adjacency matrix describing the river network structure according to basic principles of graph theory; step B, establishing a study-area HEC-HMS hydrology model, and calculating a maximum value of flow appearing at each river network node under a typical rainfall process; step C, coupling the adjacency matrix and the flow values, which are obtained in the two above-mentioned steps, together through construction of communication factors to generate an improved adjacency matrix; and step D, calculating river network water system connectivity on the basis of the adjacency matrix and the improved adjacency matrix. A communication degree calculation method in the graph theory is redesigned from two angles of the static structure and the dynamic runoff process of a river network in the invention, and an application range of the method disclosed by the invention is enabled to be significantly expanded as compared with application ranges of traditional methods.

The invention discloses a drainage basin hydrological simulation method based on a 3D print technology. According to DEM terrain information, a three dimensional terrain solid model of a drainage basin to be simulated is obtained by the adoption of a 3D printer, and then hydrological simulation of the drainage basin to be simulated is achieved through the mode of simulated rainfall. The drainage basin hydrological simulation method can be widely applied to the hydrological simulation and the forecast of the drainage basin, and can also be used for collecting drainage basin hydrological data as a data foundation for hydrological model researches. The drainage basin hydrological simulation method carries out the hydrological simulation and the forecast on the basis of the three dimensional terrain solid model of the drainage basin to be simulated and can improve the accuracy of the hydrological simulation and the forecast of the drainage basin without model parameter calibration.

The invention provides a finite element control based modeling method for a distributed hydrological model. The method comprises the steps of basin finite element division, finite element model generation and finite element control based distributed hydrological model generation. In the finite element division, linear scale of a basin hydrological phenomenon is considered from control density of a basin precipitation station, underlying surface attributes and basin flow concentration characteristics. A finite element model is a physical hydrological model with same or similar underlying surface attributes, and the finite element control based distributed hydrological model is formed through concentration of river networks according to river network distribution of basin. The change of the underlying surface attributes of the basin caused by human activities is adjusted by utilizing a finite element distribution control switch, and the change of water-holding capacity of the basin caused by the human activities is adjusted by a finite element model parameter control switch, thereby meeting hydrological simulation and forecasting requirements under the condition of human activity influence. The method has the advantages of short calculation time, easiness for parameter calibration, high adaptability, high calculation result precision and the like.

The invention relates to an underground water connectivity detection method for obtaining the underlying surface conditions of a distributed hydrological model, which belongs to the field of hydrogeology and particularly relates to a detection method for providing the underlying surface conditions for the distributed hydrological model. The method provided by the invention comprises the followingsteps: selecting a target river basin; carrying out the alternate water pumping measurement on the wells in the target river basin; monitoring the water-level variation of each well in real time by utilizing an automatic water-level tracker; and obtaining the flow direction of each well by utilizing an improved electric conductivity single-hole dilution method. In the method provided by the invention, the water-level variation course of each observation well in the water pumping course is obtained in real time by utilizing the automatic water-level tracker; the electric conductivity single-hole dilution method is improved; the flow direction of each observation well is obtained when the water pumping is carried out; and the judgment for the connectivity of underground water is simple, rapid and accurate.

The invention provides a runoff data acquisition method and device, a computer device and a readable storage medium. The method comprises the steps of according to driving data of a to-be-measured area and a preset hydrological simulation model, determining the accumulated snow melting water amount, the glacier melting water amount and the accumulated snow layer maximum water holding capacity at the current moment; determining a difference value between the total precipitation of the to-be-detected area and the solid precipitation of the to-be-detected area as a liquid precipitation within a preset time period; obtaining the water holding capacity at the current moment according to the water holding capacity at the previous moment, the re-freezing water amount of the accumulated snow layerat the previous moment and the water holding variation at the previous moment; according to the accumulated snow melting amount, the glacier melting amount, the liquid precipitation amount, the accumulated snow layer maximum water holding amount and the water holding amount at the current moment, obtaining the water holding variation at the current moment; and determining the difference value between the ideal dissolved water runoff and the water holding variation at the current moment as the actual runoff data at the current moment. According to the method, the calculation accuracy of the runoff data of the to-be-measured area is improved.

The invention provides a three-dimensional live-action modeling method for hydrological monitoring. The method comprises the following steps of: carrying out aerial panoramic image shooting on the hydrological station and the surrounding environment thereof in the air by taking the hydrological station as a center; selecting a photo control point, collecting photo control point coordinates, carrying out precision evaluation on the collected photo control point coordinates, carrying out point pricking on the photo control point, constructing a three-dimensional TIN model under different levelsof detail degrees, and carrying out texture mapping by utilizing the aerial panoramic image to realize three-dimensional model establishment. According to the three-dimensional live-action modeling method, live-action modeling of the three-dimensional model is carried out with the hydrological station as the center and the surrounding environment, the hydrological monitoring model can be established in a targeted mode, the three-dimensional model can be conveniently combined with hydrological monitoring data, and a vivid decision basis can be provided for hydrological early warning decision making due to hydrological simulation; The geographic accuracy of three-dimensional model modeling can be enhanced and the reliability of hydrological simulation can be ensured by utilizing the layout of the image control points and the feature points and the accuracy evaluation of the image control point coordinates.

The invention discloses an IOT-based hydrological measuring and forecasting system device. The IOT-based hydrological measuring and forecasting system device comprises a hydrological measuring and forecasting system body, a guard bar, a cabin body, a cable rope, a generator set, a gearbox, a storage battery, a transmission structure, a floating plate and a transmission rod; the hydrological measuring and forecasting system body, the a storage battery, the gearbox and the generator set are arranged in the cabin body in a sealed manner; furthermore, the cabin body is downwardly pressed into water to suspend; one end of the cable rope is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the cabin body; the other end of the cable rope is fixedly connected with the bottom of a riverway; therefore, the position of the cabin body is fixed; a containing groove is formed on the top of the cabin body; the transmission structure is arranged in the containing groove; furthermore, the transmission structure and the gearbox are in transmission connection; one end of the transmission rod is in transmission connection with the transmission structure, passes through the upper hole of the containing groove, and is fixedly connected with the floating plate floating on the water surface; the floating plate performs up and down motion along with wave; and thus, the transmission rod is driven to slide from top to bottom. The IOT-based hydrological measuring and forecasting system device in the invention generates power by utilizing lumpy power; and thus, the IOT-based hydrological measuring and forecasting system device is relatively clean and small in occupation space.

The invention provides a parameter calibration method and device suitable for large-scale hydrological simulation, and the method and device can improve the optimization speed. The method comprises the steps that according to the upstream and downstream confluence relation between sub-basins and whether observation result data exist in the sub-basins or not, a to-be-studied basin is divided into blocks, a block area relation graph of the to-be-studied basin is obtained, and each block contains and only contains one sub-basin with the observation result data; According to the inter-block dependency relationship in the block region relationship graph, the block region relationship is calculated; The upstream block and the downstream block are arranged in order. Based on a parallel computingtechnology, multi-stage parallel parameter calibration is carried out by taking a block as a unit, parameter calibration tasks of a plurality of blocks without upstream and downstream dependency relationships are distributed to a plurality of processor cores in parallel for execution in an outer-layer parallel manner, and the parameter calibration tasks of a single block are subjected to task decomposition in an inner-layer parallel manner and then are executed in parallel by using the plurality of processor cores. The invention relates to the field of hydrological simulation.

The invention discloses a novel hydrological model simulation evaluation method based on a multi-scale theory, and aims to improve the simulation precision of a watershed hydrological model. The method mainly comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out multi-fractal feature verification on a simulation time sequence and an actual measurement time sequence; And 2) analyzing the simulation effectof the hydrological model through multiple fractal spectrums. The method has the beneficial effects that the correlation between the hydrological simulation result and the measured data can be evaluated; The correlation of each part (high flow, medium flow and low flow) in the sequence can be directly given; The defects of traditional correlation analysis in sequence fractal feature analysis canbe overcome; Fractal characteristics of a hydrological model result can be fully explored, model calibration is more effective, hydrological simulation precision can be remarkably improved, and prediction reliability of the hydrological simulation precision is improved.

The invention relates to a ground site and remote sensing observation rainfall data fusion method and device, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the spatial downscaling of remote sensing rainfall data of a first resolution through employing a surface-to-point Kriging interpolation method, and obtaining a remote sensing rainfall downscaling result of a second resolution; and constructing and training a space-time fusion model for expressing the space-time heterogeneity relationship between the precipitation amount and the auxiliary parameter for the remote sensing precipitation downscaling result of the second resolution ratio, the auxiliary parameter and the ground station precipitation measured data based on two methods of space-time geographically weighted regression and space-time Kriging interpolation. The error correction of the remote sensing precipitation downscaling result is realized by adding the precipitation trend estimated value of the second resolution output by the space-time fusion model and the residual error estimated value of the second resolution, and a high-precision precipitation data product of the second resolution is obtained. The rainfall data product can be applied to frontier studies such as hydrological simulation, climate change, meteorological disasters and the like.