The invention relates to the field of a Flash memory, particularly a data storage structure of a Flash memory. A storage unit on each page comprises a data storage space for storing data and a spare space, wherein the spare space is defined into the following parts: a file name recording area, a page name recording area, a page storage state recording area, a page state recording area, a block erase counter recording area and a data check code recording area. The data manipulation mode of the data storage structure of a Flash memory specifically comprises a system initialization step and a data manipulation step, wherein the data manipulation step comprises storage space allocation and release operation, anti-power-down protection operation, abrasion balancing operation, bad block processing and data check operation. The invention optimizes the data storage structure of a Flash memory and the data manipulation control mode thereof, balances the Flash memory in the read-write operation, carries out anti-powder-down processing and designs an ECC (Error Correction Code) processing mechanism, thereby avoiding the defects of the existing Flash.