216 results about "Urban planning" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of urban planning, and particularly discloses an urban planning construction land management and control system based on big data, and the system comprises the steps: obtaining geological environment, landform, engineering construction and human activity data through multi-source data collection; multi-source data fusion analysis is adopted to construct a construction land comprehensive evaluation field including geological stability, engineering suitability and environmental bearing capacity; a development suitability partition is generated based on a density peak value spatial clustering method; updating the development suitability level by dynamically monitoring the verification process; according to the method, accurate analysis and early warning of the three-dimensional deformation field are realized, and scientificity and safety of urban planning in a complex geological environment are improved.

The invention discloses a smart city planning three-dimensional scene reconstruction optimization system combined with semantic segmentation, and belongs to the technical field of three-dimensional scene reconstruction optimization. The system comprises a data sensing module which collects aerial images and laser point clouds, and complements a sheltered area to obtain city modeling data; the preprocessing module performs denoising, data registration and data fusion on the city modeling data to generate texture point cloud data; the semantic understanding module realizes multi-modal semantic segmentation of the texture point cloud data through a fine-tuned SAM network and an improved RandLA-Net, and semantic tag data is obtained through restoration and optimization; the reconstruction optimization module constructs an initial three-dimensional grid model based on the texture point cloud data, and optimizes a ground feature boundary and a missing region of the model in combination with a semantic tag; and the output application module converts the optimized model into a standard format and outputs the model. Through deep coupling of semantic segmentation and reconstruction optimization, the precision of the three-dimensional scene model is improved, and reliable support is provided for smart city planning.

The invention discloses a low-altitude take-off and landing infrastructure grading site selection method, device and equipment, and relates to the technical fields of low-altitude economy, urban planning and the like, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a low-altitude scene demand, and carrying out the quantification processing, and obtaining demand data; a facility grading system is established based on the demand data, configuration data corresponding to the facility grading system is obtained, and the facility grading system comprises at least three grades; performing overlay analysis on the limiting factor data, and determining a candidate region; and performing hierarchical analysis on the candidate region to obtain suitability distribution data under the low-altitude scene requirement, and performing solution based on the suitability distribution data and the configuration data to obtain site selection data corresponding to the facility grading system.

The invention discloses an intelligent redevelopment research method for low-efficiency land use, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring multi-source data including land change survey data, topographic data, urban planning data, remote sensing data, point-of-interest data, mobile signaling data and social economic data in a research area, and inputting the multi-source data into a land use identification model; obtaining a spatial distribution diagram of low-efficiency land in the research area and corresponding low-efficiency factors; inputting the spatial distribution diagram and the low-efficiency factors into a redevelopment potential calculation model to obtain a redevelopment comprehensive potential value of the low-efficiency land; a plurality of redevelopment schemes are obtained based on the redevelopment comprehensive potential value, the rigid constraint of the low-efficiency land during redevelopment and the redevelopment mode library; and obtaining respective corresponding benefit index difference values after the low-efficiency land is redeveloped by using the plurality of redevelopment schemes, and obtaining an optimal redevelopment scheme from the plurality of redevelopment schemes by using a multi-attribute decision algorithm and the benefit index difference values.

The invention belongs to the technical field of building boundary segmentation, and provides a remote sensing image building boundary segmentation method based on a U-net network model, and the method comprises the steps: extracting a gradient magnitude image through a Sobel operator, generating a binary boundary mask, dynamically adjusting the weight of a convolution kernel in combination with a gradient direction, and enhancing the feature extraction capability of a boundary region; boundary artifacts output by cavity convolution are suppressed through a high-frequency residual boundary mask, an artifact area is restored in combination with gradient direction constraint, and original detail features are reserved; calculating complexity scores based on boundary density and tortuosity, adaptively selecting voidage, and balancing global context and local detail capture capability; extracting a high-frequency component through a Laplace operator, marking an artifact point by combining a dynamic threshold value, and repairing an abnormal region by utilizing a neighborhood gradient direction; the method solves the performance bottleneck of a traditional method in a boundary fuzzy, artifact interference and receptive field fixed scene, and is suitable for remote sensing image analysis tasks such as urban planning and disaster assessment.

The invention discloses an urban public facility layout optimization method and system based on multi-source space-time big data, and relates to the technical field of urban planning. Comprising the following steps: firstly, acquiring and fusing multi-source space-time big data such as mobile equipment signaling data and point-of-interest data; identifying and delimiting an urban public service three-level center system based on the fusion data through a spatial clustering and network analysis algorithm, and determining each center level and a spatial influence range; constructing a differentiated service demand quantification model for each level of service center; constructing a multi-stage collaborative layout optimization model, and completing facility hierarchical assignment and site selection optimization; evaluating the layout scheme in the simulation environment and outputting a grading evaluation report; through dynamic analysis and multi-level collaborative optimization driven by multi-source space-time big data, accurate matching of public facility layout and service requirements is achieved, and meanwhile the service coverage rate and cross-level connection efficiency are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of remote sensing image processing and computer vision, discloses a semi-supervised ground feature classification optimization method for an urban remote sensing scene in a complex environment, and solves the problems of strong dependence on a large amount of annotation data, incomplete model feature extraction and low calculation efficiency in the prior art. According to the method, firstly, through a cross-view weak-to-strong consistency training framework, a weak enhancement view is utilized to generate a high-confidence pseudo tag, and through applying consistency constraint to a strong enhancement view, a self-optimization training cycle is constructed, so that the dependence on pixel-level annotation data is remarkably reduced. Secondly, a mixed CNN-Mama double-flow framework is adopted, and local texture features are extracted through a lightweight residual error convolution module; according to the method, the classification precision, robustness and generalization ability of the model in a complex city scene are effectively improved, meanwhile, the high efficiency of the method is ensured through lightweight design, and the method is suitable for actual application scenes such as disaster loss assessment and city planning.

The invention discloses a perception method based on multi-semantic space attention and Daubechies wavelet double-branch Mama, and belongs to the field of hyperspectral image processing. The problem that in the existing Mama-based model feature extraction process, the capacity of capturing multi-scale local structures and direction sensing information is insufficient is solved. The method comprises the following steps: inputting a hyperspectral image; projecting the spectral vector to an embedding space through an embedding layer to obtain an embedding feature; inputting the embedded features into an encoder, wherein the encoder comprises an SMSAMama branch, a DWTMama branch and a self-adaptive feature fusion module; the SMSAMama branch is used for extracting spatial features; the DWTAMba branch is used for extracting spectral features; the adaptive feature fusion module performs weighted integration on the spatial features and the spectral features by using randomly initialized fusion weights; and inputting the integrated features into a segmentation head to generate a final perception result. The method is used in agricultural monitoring and urban planning fields.

The invention relates to the technical field of digital twin and multi-source heterogeneous data fusion, and discloses a method for loading and rendering massive homologous heterogeneous data of a digital twin platform. The method aims at solving the problems of low loading efficiency, large rendering fluctuation, data semantic segmentation and the like in the prior art. The technical scheme comprises the steps of preprocessing data and establishing a correlation index; during initialization, a network state is adapted to load basic data; constructing unified abstraction layer standardized layer management; on-demand loading and multi-level caching are realized through the intelligent scheduler; a fusion rendering pipeline is configured to guarantee stable output of the 60FPS; operating a service binding engine to realize bidirectional linkage; measurement, model import, file preview, layer linkage and data maintenance are supported. The mass data loading efficiency is improved, memory overflow is avoided, service collaboration and system stability are enhanced, and the method is suitable for scenes such as urban planning, industrial simulation and emergency command.

This invention discloses an intelligent optimization method and system for the structure of green spaces in urban blocks, relating to the fields of urban planning, landscape architecture, and artificial intelligence. The method includes: acquiring a planning area; delineating units based on the planning area to obtain multiple block units; acquiring relevant indicator data for each block unit; inputting the relevant indicator data for each block unit into a pre-established regression model; and outputting an optimized regression model. The method further includes: calculating the importance of variables in the optimized regression model; performing weight correction and coupling degree calculation based on variable importance to obtain corrected weights and block unit coupling degree; acquiring images of vacant land; performing raster recognition on the vacant land images and overlaying them to obtain an expanded vacant land area; predicting the vacancy probability of the land use raster based on the optimized regression model to obtain the vacancy probability; generating an initial database of urban blocks based on the vacancy probability; generating an initial population from the initial database using a genetic algorithm; and determining the optimized green space structure of the urban blocks based on the fitness of the best individual in each generation of the initial population using a reinforcement learning algorithm. This method can provide diverse options for urban green space planning.

The invention belongs to the technical field of urban planning and geographic information analysis, and discloses a park green land night reachability evaluation method which is used for accurately quantifying park green land reachability in a night environment. The method comprises the following steps: collecting and preprocessing multi-source heterogeneous data, and determining a supply point and a demand point; quantifying the night sky quality of the park green land based on night specificity indexes; and calculating the reachability of the park green land at night by combining night sky quality and a Gaussian two-step mobile search method. According to the technical scheme, the problems that in the prior art, reachability evaluation neglects nighttime environment specificity and indexes are not applicable are solved, the urban green land nighttime reachability spatial pattern is disclosed more accurately by integrating nighttime landscape features and the improved evaluation model, and scientific support is provided for nighttime function optimization.

The invention provides an urban green infrastructure comprehensive benefit applicability evaluation method based on subjective and objective weights. The urban green infrastructure comprehensive benefit applicability evaluation method comprises the steps of establishing a basic evaluation system, screening indexes, calculating index weights, calculating quantitative indexes, calculating qualitative indexes, performing grading evaluation, performing standardized score assignment and performing comprehensive evaluation. The basic evaluation system is of a three-layer structure and covers four criteria of runoff regulation and storage benefits, environmental benefits, economic benefits and social benefits and 19 indexes; a subjective weight is determined through an analytic hierarchy process, an objective weight is determined through an entropy weight method, and a comprehensive weight is obtained in combination with a D-S evidence theory fusion method; quantitative indexes are calculated through methods such as hydrological simulation, and qualitative indexes are rated by public; the indexes are unified into dimensionless scores through standardized score assignment, and finally an evaluation result is obtained through weighted summation. According to the method, the applicability quantitative evaluation of matching of the typical green infrastructure and the site condition construction target is realized, and a scientific and quantitative decision support tool is provided for sponge city planning.

The smart city intelligent guiding signboard comprises a stand column and a cover cap, a first sliding groove is formed in the stand column, and the bottom of the inner wall of the first sliding groove is rotationally connected with a threaded rod. The utility model has the beneficial effects that the height of the direction board is adjusted to adapt to different use scenes and requirements, for example, in peak traffic hours, the direction board can be lifted so as to be clearly seen by vehicles and pedestrians in the distance, and can be lowered when not needed, so that the direction board is prevented from being damaged, and the direction board is adjusted along with urban planning, new landmark emergence or activity holding; the direction board can be quickly replaced, and the latest guiding information can be accurately transmitted; in addition, according to busy degrees of different road sections and requirements of special time periods, direction boards can be flexibly added, information transmission efficiency is improved, pedestrians and vehicles can be assisted to pass smoothly in an all-around mode, a display screen visually provides auxiliary guiding information for people, the direction boards and the display screen supplement each other, and the urban guiding service level is greatly improved.

The invention discloses a measurement method for urban planning, a lifting mechanism is arranged in a protection box, an inner threaded hole plate is movably arranged in an inner cavity of the protection box, and a measurement instrument is fixedly connected to the top of the inner threaded hole plate. According to the urban planning measurement method, a lifting mechanism, a self-cleaning mechanism, a self-reinforcing mechanism and a height control mechanism are arranged between a protection box and a measurement instrument, so that when the measurement instrument extends out to be used, the measurement instrument can be adjusted through cooperation of the lifting mechanism, the self-cleaning mechanism, the self-reinforcing mechanism and the height control mechanism; the measuring instrument can be automatically cleaned when extending out, the device can apply a reinforcing and positioning procedure by itself, the height control effect is automatically preset, the situation that the sight glass of the measuring instrument is blocked in use due to dust falling is avoided, and the automatic stabilizing effect of the device and the automatic height control effect are further enhanced.

This invention relates to the field of landscape bridge technology, and discloses a V-shaped pier-truss cable-stayed composite bridge structure and its construction method. The V-shaped pier-truss cable-stayed composite bridge structure includes piers, main beams, bridge towers, and cables. The piers include V-shaped main piers. The load of the main beam is transferred to the truss structure via the cables through the cable-stayed towers. The truss structure then transfers the force to the V-shaped main piers. The V-shaped piers provide support and constraint to the main beams through their rigid frame action. Thus, through the interconnection and support between the rigid frame structure, truss structure, and cable-stayed structure, the overall stiffness of the combined bridge structure is greater than the sum of the stiffnesses of the individual structures. This optimizes the stress on the cable-stayed towers and the overall bridge structure, allowing the V-shaped pier-truss cable-stayed composite bridge structure to reduce the tower height compared to existing cable-stayed bridges for the same span, thereby meeting the building height requirements of urban planning or enabling it to be suitable for larger bridge spans.

This invention discloses an artificial intelligence-based method and system for visualizing urban planning, belonging to the field of data processing technology. The method includes: acquiring multi-source heterogeneous urban basic data and planning schemes to be evaluated; constructing a heterogeneous attribute spatial map through temporal denoising and feature matching; using the planning scheme as a priori excitation condition, inputting it along with the map into a multi-layer spatiotemporal perception graph neural network model with topology preservation loss, and outputting a spatiotemporal evolution prediction matrix tensor; constructing an adaptive weighted grid evaluation model based on multi-dimensional constraints such as perspective, predicted polarization gradient, and hardware load, and combining it with PID closed-loop monitoring of dynamic threshold, to reconstruct a high-efficiency urban visualization 3D chassis model with weighted allocation in real time. This invention effectively solves the problems of false connectivity distortion in traditional topology prediction and computational power collapse caused by rigid LOD distance pruning, achieving deep collaboration between highly realistic situational evolution and adaptive computational power.

The utility model discloses an ecological slope for urban planning and design, and relates to the technical field of ecological slopes, the ecological slope comprises a slope body, the two sides of the slope body are fixedly connected with fixing plates, the top of each fixing plate is provided with two threaded holes in a penetrating mode, the inner cavity of each threaded hole is in threaded connection with a threaded rod, the outer ring of the slope body is provided with a plurality of first reinforcing meshes, and the first reinforcing meshes are arranged on the outer ring of the slope body. A plurality of second reinforcing meshes are arranged on the outer ring of the slope body, a planting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the slope body, and a plurality of planting grooves are formed in the front face of the planting plate. The first reinforcing mesh and the second reinforcing mesh are both formed by binding a plurality of reinforcing steel bars, so that the independent first reinforcing mesh and the independent second reinforcing mesh have high pressure resistance, and meanwhile, the service life of the first reinforcing mesh and the service life of the second reinforcing mesh can be prolonged, so that the pressure resistance and the protection effect of the slope body can be improved, and the service life of the slope body is prolonged. The undesirable phenomena of collapse and the like caused by long-time use of the slope body are prevented, and multi-layer working procedures are reduced, so that the engineering quantity and the cost quantity are reduced.

The present application relates to the technical field of geographic information system, and more particularly to a kind of city land planning analysis method and system based on GIS, by integrating remote sensing, historical planning, mobile terminal and social media data, construct multi-scale spatiotemporal cube model, generate standardized city temporary land data, adopt adaptive feature extraction to identify temporary land, establish hierarchical classification system, and monitor abnormal change through time series model, construct the association diagram of temporary land and city function network, analyze interactive relationship, finally propose differentiated city planning optimization suggestion, help city land resource efficient allocation and management, by fusing multi-source data, realize the multidimensional cognition of space, time, function and relationship, fundamentally improve the understanding depth of temporary land.

The utility model discloses an urban planning underground comprehensive pipe gallery which comprises a pipe gallery body, and multiple layers of cable supporting assemblies are installed on installation base plates on the two sides in a combined mode. The beneficial effects of the utility model are that the supporting seat of the cable supporting assembly is in sliding fit with the U-shaped clamping seat, and the limiting rod is in longitudinal sliding fit with the limiting hole, so that the supporting seat can be detachably and transversely combined at the side position of the pipe gallery body; meanwhile, after the limiting rods are longitudinally separated from the limiting holes, the supporting seats can vertically slide downwards and be separated from the U-shaped clamping seats, so that the supporting seats can be detached from the side positions of the pipe gallery body, and the combination and detachment modes of the supporting seats on the side positions of the pipe gallery body are simple and easy to achieve; the supporting seat can be conveniently and rapidly combined on the side portion of the pipe gallery body to carry and support the cable, meanwhile, the fault position of the cable can be smoothly exposed after the supporting seat is conveniently and rapidly detached from the lower portion of the cable subsequently, and the cable can be conveniently overhauled and maintained.

The application discloses a remote sensing change detection method based on a teacher-student framework and multi-space distillation, relates to the technical field of remote sensing image processing, and comprises the following steps: constructing a text prototype library and a visual prototype library; performing zero sample prediction on an image to be detected to generate text guided features; extracting multi-scale feature maps, global semantic features and spatial level features by a student network; calculating absolute differences, similarity differences and text guided differences to splice initial change features; respectively calculating channel attention and spatial attention of the initial change features to fuse multi-scale fusion features to splice spliced features; and inputting the decoder to obtain a binary change detection map. The method effectively improves the precision of remote sensing image change detection and provides important technical support for the application in the fields of city planning and environment monitoring.

The application provides a city resident population distribution trend prediction method based on a geographic detector, comprising the following steps: acquiring panoramic street view data of a research area; performing semantic segmentation to obtain visual perception elements and establish visual perception factors; establishing spatial perception factors through the accessibility of different facility types under different travel modes; using the geographic detector to calculate the explanation rate of the visual perception factors and the spatial perception factors on the resident population distribution density; obtaining several high-explanation-rate perception factors, obtaining corresponding weights based on a judgment matrix, establishing a resident intention index, and predicting the city resident population distribution trend. The prediction method is based on the perception of people to the real city environment, takes into account the subjectivity and objectivity of evaluation, and has high reference value for city planning related to city resident population distribution.

The invention belongs to the technical field of urban planning, and particularly relates to a traffic station region land utilization efficiency evaluation method, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring and preprocessing point-of-interest data and a traffic station region in an analysis region; extracting land utilization layout features based on the null data set; constructing a multi-mode traffic network including walking, bicycles, buses and rail transit based on the layout features; establishing a land coupling simulation model of traffic based on the regional reachability index; causal inference and model calibration are carried out based on historical traffic intervention events of dynamic evolution; adopting a multi-objective optimization algorithm to generate traffic and land utilization configuration schemes meeting different planning objectives; according to the method, the evaluation result is subjected to visual display and decision output, unified modeling of traffic and social economic data is achieved through multi-source heterogeneous data fusion and standardization processing, and the effect of improving data space-time matching precision and calculation reliability is achieved.

The utility model discloses a road isolation fence for urban planning, which belongs to the technical field of road isolation fences for urban planning and comprises a left isolation fence and a right isolation fence, second cylinders are fixedly connected to the tops of the sides, close to each other, of the left isolation fence and the right isolation fence, and the outer portions of the two second cylinders are rotationally connected with the same top plate. The bottoms of the sides, close to each other, of the left isolation fence and the right isolation fence are fixedly connected with first cylinders correspondingly, and the exteriors of the two first cylinders are rotationally connected with the same bottom plate correspondingly. The device is reasonable in structural design, the function of limiting transverse movement of the first clamping plate is achieved through cooperation of the longitudinal plate, the second clamping plate, the second spring and the square plate, the stability of the device is improved, the function of folding the left isolation fence and the right isolation fence is achieved through cooperation of the first clamping plate, the clamping groove, the connecting plate, the first spring and the hollowed-out plate, and the device is convenient to use. The collecting space is reduced; and the practicability of the device is improved.

The present invention relates to a method and system for generating a system model in which a plurality of energy objects are operated in an integrated manner on the basis of sector coupling, and for visualizing energy flow on the system model, thereby enabling a user to intuitively understand and manage the flow of energy.

The invention relates to the technical field of city planning recommendation, and provides a coastal zone city ecological space protection strategy recommendation method and system, and the method comprises the steps: dividing a gradient zone ecological space; constructing an index system corresponding to the state-interaction-toughness framework, performing multi-dimensional quantification to obtain each evaluation index, acquiring region detection data for each gradient zone ecological space, and calculating an index value; and setting different fusion weights for the gradient zone ecological spaces according to the ecological characteristics, and for each gradient zone ecological space, fusing each evaluation index of the index system to obtain an ecological importance comprehensive evaluation index so as to generate an ecological space protection recommendation strategy. According to the method, the authenticity and the interpretation capability of importance identification of the ecological space are improved by constructing a multi-dimensional evaluation framework of states, interaction and toughness; differentiation index fusion weights are set, evaluation distortion caused by unified indexes and unified weights is avoided, and pertinence and space suitability of protection strategy recommendation are improved.

The application discloses an auxiliary decision-making method and system for construction project site selection in urban planning, comprising: acquiring city multi-source heterogeneous data, construction project types and site selection constraint conditions; performing semantic modeling on the city multi-source heterogeneous data based on knowledge graph technology to generate a city element knowledge graph; performing semantic retrieval in the city element knowledge graph based on the construction project types and the site selection constraint conditions to obtain a candidate site selection set meeting the site selection constraint conditions; respectively evaluating each candidate site selection in the candidate site selection set through a subjective and objective double-channel fusion scoring model to obtain a comprehensive inappropriateness score corresponding to each candidate site selection; and iteratively optimizing the candidate site selection set based on the comprehensive inappropriateness score through a greedy take-away heuristic algorithm to obtain an optimal site selection scheme. The application can effectively improve the decision-making efficiency and quality of construction project site selection.

This invention discloses a method and system for identifying urban decline spaces, belonging to the field of urban planning technology. The method includes: S1. Acquiring population grid data and building area grid data of a target area for multiple consecutive years within a time interval; S2. Performing spatial alignment and standardization processing on the population grid data and building area grid data to form a standardized annual spatial database; S3. Removing grid units in the annual spatial database that do not possess effective urban activity characteristics to obtain a set of effective urban spatial grids; S4. Performing time series analysis on the effective urban spatial grid set to determine urban decline space grids; S5. Using a spatial clustering algorithm to cluster the determined urban decline space grids, dividing the urban decline space into continuous urban decline space and scattered urban decline space. This invention achieves automatic identification and classification of continuous and scattered urban decline spaces by analyzing the population and building area change trends over multiple consecutive years.

This invention discloses an automatic modeling method for commercial building complexes based on image learning, belonging to the field of urban planning. It includes five steps: data acquisition, extraction of core morphological quantification indicators, training of a building complex morphology generation model based on the Pix2Pix algorithm, generation of building complex plan images, and generation of building complex morphology based on OpenCV. The purpose of this invention is to achieve the automatic generation of multiple layout schemes for commercial building complexes at the plot scale within a short time by constructing a database of building complex spatial morphology types and using an intelligent building complex morphology generation method based on Pix2Pix. This solves the problem of long, repetitive drawing cycles for designers and provides technical support for building complex morphology design practice.

The application belongs to the technical field of urban planning, and discloses a kind of public service facility layout planning method and system friendly to old people, the method comprises: obtaining the portrait information of old people in community, and identifying vulnerable old age groups;According to the portrait information of vulnerable old age groups, set the minimum accessibility guarantee condition of individualization;Pre-optimization is carried out on the alternative scheme to improve the satisfaction rate of the minimum accessibility guarantee condition of vulnerable old age groups;On the premise that the satisfaction rate of vulnerable old age groups is not reduced, the overall travel convenience of all old age groups is optimized as a target for comprehensive optimization;From a plurality of comprehensive optimization schemes, the final public service facility layout scheme is determined;Thus, the problem of ignoring the heterogeneity within the old age group in the prior art can be effectively solved, and the scientificity and humanization of public service facility layout planning are significantly improved.

The invention discloses a multi-objective optimized urban development boundary land intelligent configuration simulation method, which comprises the following steps: S1, acquiring multi-source original data of a to-be-simulated city, and preprocessing the multi-source original data; s2, based on the preprocessed data, dividing urban land basic units, extracting feature information of each unit, and constructing an urban development boundary configuration basic data set; and S3, building a city development scene generation model of a generative model architecture, and taking the basic data set as input. The invention relates to the technical field of city planning and simulation. According to the multi-objective optimized intelligent configuration simulation method for the urban development boundary land, a generative model and a deep learning technology are adopted, a virtual development boundary scheme is generated according to multi-source data, the virtual development boundary scheme and actual urban land data are compared and analyzed, a deviation value is calculated, model parameters are automatically adjusted, iterative optimization is carried out, and the intelligent configuration simulation method for the urban development boundary land is achieved. And the development scheme gradually tends to be optimal.