102 results about "Impervious surface" patented technology

An apparatus for emitting light with a controlled directionality and optical divergence from at least one opening includes a light impervious surface structure having the at least one opening, a periodic or quasi-periodic surface topography including one or several surface feature(s) and associated with the at least one opening on the surface structure, whereby light emerging from the opening(s) interacts with surface waves on the surface structure (20) thereby providing controlled directionality and optical divergence of the emitted light.

The invention discloses a method for reducing that scale of surface temperature space. At first, that method quantitatively analyzes the surface temperature and the surface parameters including the impervious surface coverage, vegetation coverage, soil coverage, NDVI, NDBI, MNDWI, DEM, and the correlation between building density and its spatial distribution difference, Then the regression model of low spatial resolution land surface temperature products and related land surface parameters is established by using machine learning stochastic forest algorithm, land surface temperature with highspatial resolution can be predicted by combining the land surface parameters with high spatial resolution, Then the area-to-point Kriging interpolation method of geostatistics is used to reduce the residuals of the random forest regression model to improve the spatial resolution of the residuals, Finally, the high spatial resolution stochastic forest regression model and the surface-to-point Kriging interpolation residuals are added to generate high resolution and high precision surface temperature products to make up for the lack of spatial resolution of the existing surface temperature products.

The invention discloses a rule-based rapid fine-scale city impervious surface extraction method, and belongs to the technical field of city planning information application. The method comprises the following steps of: preprocessing an original high-resolution multispectral image to obtain a fused image; establishing an extracted decision-making tree according to principles that the easiest is taken the first and surface feature difference between nodes is obvious; differentiating a road part and a non-road part on an image pixel layer; segmenting the non-road part; carrying feature description on different surface features, constructing a classification rule set according to a classification decision-making tree, and obtaining a fine-scale impervious surface distribution result of a cityarea; and carrying out precision verification on the classification result through evaluation after classification and a Kappa index method. The method is good in classification effect, and is capableof effectively overcoming the spiced salt phenomenon in remote sensing image information extraction, well decreasing the phenomena of same spectrum with different objects and same object with different spectrums, and improving the efficiency and correctness of obtaining city impervious surfaces.

An LED heat sink apparatus (20) comprising a housing (22) that defines a chamber (26). A downward platform (82) is connected with the housing (22) in the chamber (26) to define a bottom cavity (84) and a central cavity (88). LED's (94) are disposed in the bottom cavity (84) for emitting light through a lens (60). The downward platform (82) defines a plurality of holes (106, 108, 116, 118), and a solid ring (104) that has a substantially impervious surface to divide the holes (106, 108, 116, 118) into chimney holes (106, 116, 118) disposed radially inwardly from the solid ring (104) and the LED (94) for directing hot air heated by the LED (94) in the bottom cavity (84) of the chamber (26) into the central cavity (88), and return holes (108) disposed radially outwardly from the solid ring (104) and near the side wall (24) of said housing (22) for directing cool air in the central cavity (88) of the housing (22) that has been cooled by the side wall (24) of the housing (22) into the bottom cavity (84).

Provided is a city impervious surface extraction method based on fusion of an SAR image and an optical remote sensing image. The method comprises that a general sample set formed by samples of a research area is selected in advance, and a classifier training set, a classifier test set and a precision verification set of impervious surface extraction results are generated from the general sample set in a random sampling method; the optical remote sensing image is configured with the SAR image of the research area, and features are extracted from the optical remote sensing image and the SAR image; training is carried out, the city impervious surface is extracted preliminarily on the basis of a random forest classifier, and optimal remote sensing image data, SAR image data and an impervious surface RF preliminary extraction result are obtained; decision level fusion is carried out by utilizing a D-S evidence theory synthesis rule, and a final impervious surface extraction result of the research area is obtained; and the precision of each extraction result is verified via the precision verification set. Advantages of the optical remote sensing image and SAR image data sources are utilized fully, the SAR image and optical remote sensing image fusion method based on the RF and D-S evidence theory is provided, and the impervious surface of higher precision in the city is obtained.

This invention relates to a process for sealing any foamed rubber product or foamed plastic product having a foam cell structure, excluding foamed polystyrene, to provide a continuous, flexible, impervious surface including applying to the surface a primer which penetrates partially into the foam cell and then applying a polymeric composition to the primer-treated surface. The invention also relates to formulations used in the process and products produced by the process.

A modular planter system is comprised of high density polyethylene plastic propagation flats, geotextile fabrics, plastic inserts, soil capable of supporting plant, shrub and tree growth, and plants for use on impermeable surfaces. The planter system comprises four similarly constructed units with progressively deeper soil depths achieved through the use of plastic inserts and grouped according to a pre-arranged design. More particularly the planter system is comprised of modules each with its own blended soil, plant material, soil, root retardant, and water retentive non-woven geotextile and inserts. Planters are not connected but installed side by side. Each planter may be moved from its place without having to move other planters. Planter units are assembled ahead of use and transported to the installation site on wooden palettes or via similar conveyance. The planter system can be used with or without edging, and has optional apparati including irrigation and walkable functionalities.

A high-resolution remote sensing image impervious surface extraction method and system based on deep learning and semantic probability. The method includes: obtaining a high-resolution remote sensingimage of a target region, normalizing image data, dividing the image data into a sample image and a test image; constructing a deep convolutional network, wherein the deep convolutional network is composed of a multi-layer convolution layer, a pooling layer and a corresponding deconvolution and deconvolution layer, and extracting image features of each sample image; predicting each sample image pixel by pixel, and constructing a loss function by using the error between the predicted value and the true value, and updating and training the network parameters; extracting the test image features by the deep convolutional network, and carrying out the pixel-by-pixel classification prediction, then constructing a conditional random field model of the test image by using the semantic associationinformation between pixel points, optimizing the test image prediction results globally, and obtaining the extraction results. The invention can accurately and automatically extract the impervious surface of the remote sensing image, and meets the practical application requirements of urban planning.

The apparatus is an underground reservoir to capture and slowly release stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces such as roads, rooftops, and parking areas. The structure is assembled from one or more modules comprising at least two side by side precast fiber reinforced concrete vaulted shaped chambers, each with side walls and an arch top. The side by side chambers have common walls with openings in the walls. Modules placed end to end are mated at reinforced concrete end walls that include lifting pins for moving the module. Ends of the chambers are closed, but the end walls have openings for feeding stormwater in and venting air out.

The invention provides a linear spectral unmixing urban impervious surface remote sensing extraction method comprising the steps that step one, remote sensing image material files are acquired and data preprocessing and water body masking are performed; step two, first data files are obtained from the remote sensing image material files through minimum noise fraction rotation; step three, the purity of each pixel in the first data files is calculated through the pixel purity index; step four, the pixels greater than the preset purity value are selected from the first data files through screening according to the preset purity value so that the pixels of high purity, i.e. second data files, are obtained; step five, pure pixels are selected by using the characteristic scatter two-dimensional model between different components of the second data files through combination of high-resolution images; step six, the proportion of each end member of each pixel is solved based on the end members of the step five; and step seven, mask processing is performed on low-albedo surface features in the unmixing result, and finally the processed low-albedo surface features and high-albedo surface features are added and then an impervious surface coverage graph is obtained.

The present invention discloses an urban boundary extraction method fusing multispectral remote sensing data and night light remote sensing data. The method is able to accurately locate the urban boundary through combination of impervious surface indexes and light indexes extracted from the night light remote sensing data, so that the extraction mistake phenomenon is reduced. Besides, through fusion of multispectral remote sensing data having higher spatial resolution than the night light remote sensing data, the method is configured to take two data features as different features of an urban area and a non-urban area so as to ensure that extracted urban boundary is more fine than the urban boundary located by independently using the night light remote sensing data. A lot of experiment results show that the correct extraction rate of the urban boundary is over 90% and is raised about 10% compared with the prior art, and the extraction mistake rate of the urban boundary is reduced below 10%. The urban boundary extraction method fusing multispectral remote sensing data and night light remote sensing data solves the problems in the prior art, and is suitable for urban remote sensing application such as land planning, geography national condition monitoring, urban expansion analysis and the like.

An insulated HVAC duct component such as a transition box includes a first insulation layer and a second, different insulation layer. The transition box includes at least four sidewalls and one of a top and a back wall, the transition box further including a first access port and a second access port, the first access port having a different cross section than the second access port, one of the access ports being spaced from a nearest sidewall by less than 2 inches. The first insulation layer is located along an inside surface of the box. The second different insulation layer overlies the first insulation layer, the second different insulation layer having an air impervious surface, wherein the combined thickness of the first insulation layer and the second different insulation layer is less than 2 inches.

The invention discloses an urban main built-up area remote sensing extraction method based on impervious surface aggregation density in view of a problem of direct influence of suburban boundary extraction on accuracy of heat island intensity calculation in urban heat island effect extraction. The method comprises the following steps that step 1) urban impervious surface information is extracted by utilizing a threshold value method based on a biophysical composition index BCI for distinguishing urban targets, and precision verification is performed; step 2) the extracted impervious surface image element points act as centers and distance acts as weight, weight of the impervious surface image elements closer to the center points is higher, and aggregation degree of buildings within a radius range is measured; and step 3) a distance threshold value and an aggregation threshold value are set through combination of the extracted impervious surface aggregation density based on geographical location of impervious surface distribution according to an urban clustering algorithm so that the impervious surface aggregation area distribution condition is obtained, and range of urban built-up areas is confirmed.

An absorbent article has a liquid pervious user-facing first side including a liquid-pervious surface layer composed of hydrophobic material, a second side opposite the first side and including a liquid-impervious surface layer, and an absorbent body enclosed between the two surface layers. The first side further exhibits a wetting region, which is the region of the first side intended to first be wetted by body fluid emitted to the article. The wetting region is constituted of a hydrophilic material. An outer edge portion of the wetting region is bordered by the hydrophobic material of the liquid pervious surface layer which is situated laterally outwardly of the wetting region.

According to an aspect, a method of performing context-aware landing zone classification for an aircraft includes accessing a landing zone map, by a context-aware landing zone classification system of the aircraft, to identify potential landing zones. A database on the aircraft includes land cover map data and impervious surface map data. The database is queried to extract context data. The context data include land cover characteristics and impervious surface characteristics associated with locations corresponding to the landing zone map. The context-aware landing zone classification system of the aircraft evaluates the potential landing zones in view of the context data to adjust classifications of the potential landing zones and produce a context-aware landing zone classification of the potential landing zones. The context-aware landing zone classification of the potential landing zones is provided to landing zone selection logic of the aircraft to select a final landing zone.

The present invention discloses a vegetation loss direction identification method based on a multi-remote-sensing index trend. The method comprises: calculating a temporal similarity of vegetation indexes between each year and a beginning year by using a JM distance to generate a track of temporal similarity of vegetation indexes; extracting a potential vegetation loss region according to a variation of the temporal similarity of the vegetation index, so as to define a region where the vegetation index is significantly decreased and an impervious surface index is significantly increased as a vegetation loss region; and on this basis, finally determining different vegetation loss directions such as urbanization, desertification and wetland formation according to a water body index and a bare soil index trend feature. In the method, the vegetation change region is determined by using the variation of the temporal similarity, and further, the vegetation loss direction is determined according to multiple remote sensing indexes, without depending on manual intervention for threshold setting, so that the method has the characteristics of high robustness, high classification precision, high automation and storing anti-interference ability, and so on.

The invention discloses a novel landslide risk evaluation method, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out the statistics of effective rainfall, extracting impervious surface data, and building a water seepage capability model according to the quantitative relation among the rainfall, the impervious surface data and an infiltration relation; S2, taking the gradient, the slopedirection, the water seepage capability index, the vegetation index and the road influence as parameters, and selecting related data of a plurality of points where landslide occurs and does not occurto train the model; and S3, carrying out model construction by using a Logistic regression function to obtain landslide risk divisions, and dividing the landslide risk levels into five risk levels, that is, an extremely low risk level, a low risk level, a medium risk level, a high risk level and an extremely high risk level. According to the method, the rainfall parameters are introduced into theinfiltration relation model, the corresponding landslide risk regionalization map is displayed in real time according to different rainfall, and a certain guiding effect is provided for landslide prevention. Compared with a traditional slope model and a change model for monitoring vertical displacement and horizontal displacement of a region, the landslide risk evaluation model is more suitable for large-scale real-time monitoring.

An applicator for applying a friction modifying material to the surface of a rail is provided. The applicator comprises a resilient body for applying a composition to a surface of a rail. The resilient body comprises an outer impervious surface and defines a sealed passageway that extends through the resilient body for the composition to flow through; and an applicator support, wherein the resilient body is secured to the applicator support. A rail applicator assembly and methods for using the applicator are also provided.

An LED heat sink apparatus (20) comprising a housing (22) that defines a chamber (26). A downward platform (82) is connected with the housing (22) in the chamber (26) to define a bottom cavity (84) and a central cavity (88). LED's (94) are disposed in the bottom cavity (84) for emitting light through a lens (60). The downward platform (82) defines a plurality of holes (106, 108, 116, 118), and a solid ring (104) that has a substantially impervious surface to divide the holes (106, 108, 116, 118) into chimney holes (106, 116, 118) disposed radially inwardly from the solid ring (104) and the LED (94) for directing hot air heated by the LED (94) in the bottom cavity (84) of the chamber (26) into the central cavity (88), and return holes (108) disposed radially outwardly from the solid ring (104) and near the side wall (24) of said housing (22) for directing cool air in the central cavity (88) of the housing (22) that has been cooled by the side wall (24) of the housing (22) into the bottom cavity (84).

A stormwater control system including conveyance, filtration and discharge systems. The conveyance system includes a set of conduits and connections providing a flow path through a compacted soil embankment from an upper inlet to a lower discharge area of an underlying soil infiltration zone. The control system has configurations for transferring stormwater from pervious and impervious surfaces to the soil infiltration zone. The control system optionally includes a media filter device that may be installed within the conveyance system to intercept sediment and other contaminants prior to discharge within the underlying soil infiltration zone.

A belt conditioning method, apparatus and paper machine employing the method and apparatus are provided. The belt method and apparatus include multiple conditioning devices using chemicals to condition water impermeable surfaces of paper machine belts, such as transfer belts and prevent deposits from accumulating on the belts. In one embodiment, the belt supports a web at a first portion of the belt's loop and is separated from the web at a second portion. The conditioning apparatuses are placed in the second portion.

The invention provides a multi-scale impervious surface information remote sensing collaborative inversion method. In the method, a sampling information application regression model is acquired by virtue of a high-resolution remote sensing image, and information embedding of lands for urban and rural construction is acquired by the high resolution, so that information of relatively low resolution remote sensing image inversion is improved, multi-scale collaborative inversion of the impervious surface remote sensing information is realized, and the impervious surface remote sensing inversion accuracy is effectively improved. The method comprises the following steps of: performing space registration of multi-scale remote sensing information; embedding multi-source information of impervious surface; and performing multi-scale regressive and collaborative inversion to the impervious surface. The method can be used for effectively improving the precision of impervious surface space information remote sensing inversion, and has important application value to urban planning management and urban ecological environmental quality evaluation.

The invention provides a method for realizing automation of precise extraction of a regional impervious surface. Aiming at two key technical loops of division of an impervious surface area (ISA) and calculation of a pixel impervious surface percentage (ISP), a whole new technical framework is provided. The method comprises the following steps of: dividing extraction of regional impervious surface remote sensing information into two technical loops, namely pixel-level ISA division and sub-pixel-level ISA calculation, constructing a whole-partial-detail iterative extraction flow on a remote sensing image under the support of a multi-layer remote sensing information extraction model, automatically extracting a pixel space range possibly comprising impervious surface information, automatically and quantitatively calculating an ISP value of a sub-pixel in a pixel of the ISA under the support of a representative sample base and a non-linear machine model, and realizing automation and precision of the impervious surface remote sensing information extraction in the perspective of the technical method. The method is suitable for providing corresponding information support for relevant industries of land management, city planning, ecological environment and the like.

The invention relates to a surface temperature downscaling method, system and device based on an XGBoost learning algorithm. The method includes carrying out region division on the research region according to the impermeable surface coverage; combining different influence degrees of low-resolution urban impervious surface coverage, vegetation coverage and road density in different regions on thesurface temperature, combining the influence of the spatial heterogeneity of the urban underlying surface on the surface temperature, and combining low-resolution thermal infrared image data for establishing a low-resolution nonlinear regression model; according to the high-resolution earth surface parameters and the nonlinear regression model, calculating the earth surface parameters. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that high-resolution prediction of the surface temperature of the urban environment with complex spatial heterogeneity is achieved, the surface temperature of roads, buildings, vegetation and water can be distinguished more meticulously, and the accuracy of urban surface temperature prediction is improved.

The invention relates to a disposable absorbent article to be worn by a user comprising an absorbent body (104) and a cover enclosing the same, which on a first side, facing the user in an in-use position, displays a fluid-pervious surface layer (102) and on a second side, facing away from the user in an in-use position, displays a fluid-impervious surface layer (103), and is characterized in that the fluid-pervious surface layer (102) comprises an impregnation comprising at least one hydrophilic organic solvent having a low vapor pressure at room temperature.

A polymeric fiber liner insulation includes of a resilient, insulation blanket core of randomly oriented entangled fibers with between 60% and 90% by weight of the fibers being standard polymeric fibers and / or flame retardant polymeric fibers and between 10% and 40% by weight of the fibers being polymeric lofting and bonding fibers. The first major surface the liner insulation has a low porosity or air and / or liquid impervious surface layer. The surface layer is formed by melting and consolidating fibers at and adjacent the first major surface of the blanket core or by coating the first major surface of the blanket core with a polymeric coating. The liner insulation exhibits a flame spread / smoke developed index of ≦25 / 50.

In traditional urban human settlement environment suitability evaluation based on remote sensing images, the evaluation scale mostly focuses on a large-area administrative region and focuses on the influence of natural factors, so that the evaluation result is relatively one-sided and not accurate enough. In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses an urban built-up area human settlement environment suitability evaluation index system based on multiple natural and humanistic factors, and a method for weighting each index by utilizing a raster data principal component analysis method. The method comprises the following steps: step 1) extracting an urban impervious surface by adopting a biophysical component index (BCI), eliminating abnormal values and then establishing a bufferarea to generate an urban built-up area; and step 2) based on principles of scientificity and practicability, constructing an urban land surface environment comprehensive evaluation index system basedon remote sensing raster data by taking urban vegetation, water, an impervious surface and temperature as natural element indexes influencing the urban human settlement environment and taking night light, air quality and traffic as humanistic element indexes influencing the urban human settlement environment; and 3) according to the constructed urban human settlement environment suitability indexsystem, carrying out single factor index selection and measurement; 4) selecting a grid data principal component analysis method to measure the weight of each index of the urban human settlement environment according to the characteristics of the remote sensing grid data, and 5) according to the calculated weight of each index of the urban human settlement environment, performing grid weighted superposition processing on each index layer to obtain an urban human settlement environment livability evaluation result.

This system uses one or a series of expandable and stackable rectangular boxes designed to collect rainwater from a rooftop or other manmade impervious surface via a downspout to reduce rainwater runoff and harvest rainwater for reuse. The system is comprised of a downspout diverter, one or a series of expandable and stackable rectangular boxes, and pipes. Rainwater is diverted from the downspout into the boxes that are connected by pipes. The collected rainwater exits from a valve leading to an opening for reuse. This opening can also be connected to a pump to raise the water pressure to a higher level for irrigation or other usages. The top of the box consists of a flat surface that is suitable for mounting flower beds or plant containers. The stacked rectangular boxes can also be used as a wall or for other nonintrusive purposes. Our RCRS is easy to install and requires minimal space. Our RCRS is made from cost saving materials. Our RCRS boxes can be easily connected to each other. Our RCRS downspout diverter has self-cleaning capabilities. The flat space located on top of our RCRS boxes can be utilized for plantings such as flower beds or a vegetable garden.

A wash fluid containment system includes an elevated, fluid impervious surface upon which items to be washed are placed for washing. The surface is configured to cause wash fluid to flow to an edge of the surface and off of the surface to prevent buildup of wash fluid on the surface. A collecting trough is positioned in fluid flow communication with the edges of the surface to which the fluid flows to catch and collect the fluid as it flows from the surface. Used wash fluid is taken from the collecting trough for disposal or recycling and solids and debris can be easily removed from the trough.