The invention discloses a device for quickly detecting pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, which comprises a color developing pool, a waste liquid pool, a sample liquid supply device, a color developing liquid supply device, a buffer liquid supply device, a substrate supply device, a sample liquid pump, a substrate pump, a color developing liquid pump, a buffer liquid pump, a valve system, a reactor and an electronic monitoring and control system. The device for quickly detecting pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables is used for quickly detecting the pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, so that the interference of the color of a sample liquid of fruits and vegetables to be detected to the detection results can be fully eliminated. And meanwhile, the enzyme inhibition reaction and the enzyme-catalyzed substrate hydrolysis reaction are carried out in the same closed reactor, therefore, the impact of environment factor change is controlled to the minimum extent, and the detection results are relatively more accurate.