1484 results about "Non orthogonal" patented technology

Several inventions are disclosed. A cell architecture using hexagonal shaped cells is disclosed. The architecture is not limited to hexagonal shaped cells. Cells may be defined by clusters of two or more hexagons, by triangles, by parallelograms, and by other polygons enabling a variety of cell shapes to be accommodated. Polydirectional non-orthogonal three layer metal routing is disclosed. The architecture may be combined with the tri-directional routing for a particularly advantageous design. In the tri-directional routing arraingement, electrical conductors for interconnecting terminals of microelectronic cells of an integrated circuit preferrably extend in three directions that are angularly displaced from each other by 60°. The conductors that extend in the three directions are preferrably formed in three different layers. A method of minimizing wire length in a semiconductor device is disclosed. A method of minimizing intermetal capacitance in a semiconductor device is disclosed. A novel device called a "tri-ister" is disclosed. Triangular devices are disclosed, including triangular NAND gates, triangular AND gates, and triangular OR gates. A triangular op amp and triode are disclosed. A triangular sense amplifier is disclosed. A DRAM memory array and an SRAM memory array, based upon triangular or parallelogram shaped cells, are disclosed, including a method of interconnecting such arrays. A programmable variable drive transistor is disclosed. CAD algorithms and methods are disclosed for designing and making semiconductor devices, which are particularly applicable to the disclosed architecture and tri-directional three metal layer routing.

A surface inspection apparatus and a method are provided which include an illumination system configured to focus a beam of radiation at a non-orthogonal incidence angle to form an illumination line on a surface substantially in a plane of incidence of the focused beam. The apparatus and method further include a collection system configured to image the illumination line onto an array of detectors oriented parallel to the illumination line. The collection system includes an imaging lens for collecting light scattered from the illumination line, a focusing lens for focusing the collected light, and the array of detectors, each configured to detect a corresponding portion of the illumination line. The collection system may be configured to image the illumination line such that the width of the imaged illumination line on the array of detectors is larger than the pixel size of the detectors along the same direction.

A method and receiver are disclosed for mitigating or substantially canceling signal interference between signals detected at the receiver. Once a presumed interfering signal(s) is acquired, parameters are determined that allow the interferer(s) to be modeled. The phase invariance of the process eliminates the need to acquire the interferer's phase. An orthogonal projection (for projecting onto a detection subspace which is orthogonal to a subspace spanned by the interferer(s)) is applied to the composite of all signals (y) for thereby projecting y onto the detection subspace. The interference subspace is non-orthogonal to a representation of desired (but interfered) signal of the composite signals. With the receiver properly equipped to perform this projection operation, interfering signals, multipath, multipath-like, and structured jamming signals can be effectively diminished.

Cell terminals in an integrated circuit is interconnected by using multiple layers of conductors that are routed both orthogonally and non-orthogonally to each other. Non-orthogonally routed conductors have slopes that are ratios of non-zero integers which approximate ceratin predetermined angles. The integers in the ratios are chosen from integers generated by sequence equations. The conductors are routed by following grid lines in a grid system comprising both orthogonal grid lines and non-orthogonal grid lines having slopes generated by the sequence equations. Ratios of integers are used to approximate certain angles so that the conductors would intersect the cell terminals located on the fundamental grid intersection points. The conductors in different metal layers form different angles with other conductors in other metal layers based on the slopes of the conductors.

A system and method for processing input from a touchscreen having a substrate and a touch surface thereof, adapted for manual interaction with a human hand, having an electronic sensor associated with said substrate adapted to detect a pressure sensitive response to at least two concurrent touches on the touch surface, having a control which receives at least one signal representing the at least two concurrent touches on the touch surface; processes the at least one signal in a manner adapted to maintain a distinction between the at least two concurrent touches; determines a respective difference of at least one coordinate between the at least two concurrent touches; and responds by selectively producing a response at least in dependence on a relationship of the coordinate of the at least two concurrent touches.

Devices and methods for use in laser-assisted surgery, particularly cataract surgery. Specifically, the use of an optical fiber with a proximal and distal end, wherein the distal end has a non-orthogonal angle with the diameter of the optical fiber, to create an off-axis steam bubble for cutting and removing tissue in an operative region. Where the optical fiber is bent, rotating the fiber creates a circular cutting path for the steam bubble, allowing access to tissues that may normally be blocked by obstructions and obstacles.

Embodiments generally provide an apparatus and method for processing substrates using a multi-chamber processing system (e.g., a cluster tool) that has an increased system throughput, increased system reliability, substrates processed in the cluster tool have a more repeatable wafer history. In one embodiment, non-orthogonal robot trajectories are used to assure reliable and high speed substrate transfer. In another embodiment, at least one buffering station is used to avoid collision and improve throughput. In another embodiment, optimal positioning of the robots are used to improve throughput.

A touch input system, comprising a surface, adapted to receive at least one simultaneous touch inputs from human fingers; a sensor adapted to detect the at least one touch inputs and produce at least one signal representing a unique position for the at least one touch input; and a processor, adapted to receive the at least one signal and produce an output representing a touch detection and a mapping of a coordinate position on the surface for each of the simultaneous touch inputs. The system may detect, for example, two touch inputs simultaneously. The surface may be non-planar and distinct from a small solid angle section of a sphere.

A method of determining face sub-spaces includes making initial estimates of the sub-spaces, for example lighting, pose, identity and expression, using Principle Component Analysis on appropriate groups of faces. An iterative algorithm is applied to image codings to maximize the probability of coding across these non-orthogonal sub-spaces, obtaining the projection on each sub-space, and recalculating the spaces.

A method for reducing self-interference between at least four data symbols that are modulated via a non-orthogonal matrix modulation and transmitted from at least four transmit antennas to at least one receive antenna comprises mapping the at least four data symbols onto the at least four transmit antennas and two orthogonal transmission resources via the non-orthogonal matrix modulation, multiplying data symbols mapped to one of the at least four transmit antennas with a factor γ, wherein γ is determined at least in dependence on the transmission channel characteristics from the at least four transmit antennas to the at least one receive antenna to reduce a self-interference between the at least four data symbols, and transmitting the mapped data symbols and the mapped and multiplied data symbols from the at least four transmit antennas to at least one receive antenna in the two orthogonal transmission resources.

A sole for an article of footwear includes a base having an outer edge defining a perimeter, the base having a forefoot portion, a midfoot portion and a heel portion; and a plurality of resilient projections extending from the base, wherein the plurality of projections includes a plurality of projections extending non-orthogonally from the base about the perimeter of the base and a plurality of projections extending substantially orthogonally from the base within the non-orthogonal projections.

A cutter for reaming of the bone canal is provided. The cutter facilitates connection with a guide rod by having a larger target for insertion of the guide rod into the cutter channel of the cutter. The cutter can have an opening with a first portion that is substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the cutter channel and a second portion that is non-orthogonal to the longitudinal axis. The first and second portions can be orthogonal to each other.

A computer-implemented approach for routing an integrated circuit using non-orthogonal routing is accomplished during two phases: a global routing phase and a detailed routing phase. During global routing, routing indicators, in the form of hint polygons, are added to the integrated circuit layout and strategy lists, that include bias directions and straying limits, are generated for the new wires to be added. The hint polygons and strategy lists are used during detailed routing to aid in placing the new wires. If obstacle conflicts or insufficient space problems prevent the detailed routing of a new wire, then an obstacle resolution portion of global routing is used to resolve the obstacle conflict and / or provide additional space in the integrated circuit layout to route the new wires. Obstacle resolution includes, without limitation, moving or changing layout geometry, changing or add hint polygons, changing the routing strategy by changing the bias direction and / or adjusting straying limits, inserting one or more layer changes, instructing the detailed router to backup and insert a bend, ripping-up and rerouting one or more wires, or routing the wire from the destination connection point. Also, a tight routing approach may be employed to accommodate constructing routing paths in tight layout areas. Object specific design rule checks are employed to increase routing flexibility optimize routing performance. “On-the-fly” design rule checks are performed on portions of routing paths as the routing paths are being constructed.

The invention relates notably to a method for modulating information symbols to be transmitted in a CDMA communication network by using a non-orthogonal modulation code comprising M spreading sequences (sm 1≦m≦M), each comprising in N chips (sm,n 1≦n≦N), the M spreading sequences having the same energy.According to the invention, the amplitude of the chips take a plurality of values the number M of spreading sequences is higher than the number of chips N per spreading sequence.

A system and method for quantum key delivery in a single-photon, free-space cryptography scheme including a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter includes two pairs of photon sources, each of which represents a specific photon polarization direction. The first pair of photon sources represents a first polarization basis while the remaining pair of photon sources represents a second polarization basis. The first and second polarization basis are rotated with respect to each other so as to produce non-orthogonal polarization eigenstates. A transmitter polarizing beamsplitter corresponding to each of the pairs of the photon sources is provided whereby the polarizations of each of the photon sources of each pair of photon sources are recombined. A transmitter non-polarizing beamsplitter is provided whereby the recombined polarizations are combined for output to the receiver. The receiver includes a set of optics inversely disposed with respect to the optics of the transmitter and two pairs of photon detectors.

A cable management system is provided having a patch panel and a wire manager. The patch panel has a first connectivity interface configured to connect with electronics cables. The wire manager is located proximate the patch panel and has a body with a curved interior contour. The wire manager is oriented in a non-orthogonal relation to the patch panel such that the body of the wire manager extends rearward at a non-orthogonal angle from the first connectivity interface. Wire managers may be mounted on opposite sides of the patch panel and oriented such that the wire managers and patch panels form a C-shape.

Devices and methods for use in laser-assisted surgery, particularly cataract surgery. Specifically, the use of an optical fiber with a proximal and distal end, wherein the distal end has a non-orthogonal angle with the diameter of the optical fiber, to create an off-axis steam bubble for cutting and removing tissue in an operative region. Where the optical fiber is bent, rotating the fiber creates a circular cutting path for the steam bubble, allowing access to tissues that may normally be blocked by obstructions and obstacles.

Methods and apparatus are provided for reducing power fluctuations during preamble training in a multiple antenna communication system using cyclic delays. A preamble having a legacy portion and a high throughput portion is transmitted (or received) on each of N antennas, wherein at least a portion of the preamble on a first of the N antennas is delayed relative to at least the portion of the preamble on a second of the N antennas, wherein the delay is non-orthogonal amount to introduce variation across the preambles transmitted on the N transmit antennas. The legacy portion may be, for example, an 802.11 a / g preamble.

The application discloses a data stream transmitting method, and aims to provide a specific implementation way for power superposition non-orthogonal multiple access. The method comprises the following steps: when the total transmitting power of a transmitting end is greater than transmitting power needed for transmitting data streams to first equipment, modulating data to be transmitted to the first equipment and data to be transmitted to at least one piece of other equipment onto the same data stream; and transmitting the same data stream by adopting transmitting power determined specific to the first equipment and the at least one piece of other equipment. The application further discloses a data stream transmitting device.

A touch sensor comprising an acoustic wave transmissive medium having a surface; a plurality of acoustic wave path forming systems, each generating a set of incrementally varying paths through said transmissive medium; and a receiver, receiving signals representing said sets of waves, a portion of each set overlapping temporally or physically by propagating in said transmissive medium along axes which are not orthogonal. The waves may also be of differing wave modes. The receiver system may include a phase, waveform or amplitude sensitive system. Reflective arrays are associated with said medium situated along a path, said path not being a linear segment parallel to a coordinate axis of a substrate in a Cartesian space, a segment parallel to an axial axis or perpendicular to a radial axis of a substrate in a cylindrical space, nor parallel and adjacent to a side of a rectangular region of a small solid angle section of a sphere; situated along a path substantially not corresponding to a desired coordinate axis of a touch position output signal; situated along a path substantially non-parallel to an edge of said medium; has a spacing of elements in said array which differs, over at least one portion thereof, from an integral multiple of a wavelength of an incident acoustic wave; has elements in said array which are non-parallel; has an angle of acceptance of acoustic waves which varies over regions of said array; and / or coherently scatter at least two distinguishable acoustic waves which are received by said receiving system.

Calibration structure, method, and code for correcting non-orthogonal misalignment of a computer-generated image that is projected onto a large screen touch-detecting display, so that a computer-generated image appears substantially where the display is touched. Structure / method / code generates at least four calibration marks, respectively, substantially proximate four corners of a projected image to be displayed on the display. Structure / method / code, responsive to a touch on the large screen touch-detecting display where each of the four calibration marks is displayed, identifies horizontal and vertical coordinates of each touched location. Structure / method / code calibrates the projected image to the display after the four calibration marks have been touched. Structure / method / code, responsive to another touch on the display after calibration, displays a computer image substantially at the location of the another touch.

An advanced channel storage and retrieving system is achieved that is capable of simultaneously transporting multiple-stream data concurrently, with encryptions and error detection and limited correction capability using wavefront (WF) multiplexing (muxing) at the pre-processing and WF demultiplexing (de-muxing) in the post-processing. The WF muxing and demuxing processing can be applied for multiple signal streams with similar contents and format such as cable TV delivery systems or multiple signal streams with very distinct contents and format such as Karaoke multimedia systems. The stored or transported data are preprocessed by a WF muxing processor and are in the formats of multiple sub-channels. Signals in each sub-channel are results of unique linear combination of all the input signals streams. Conversely, an input signal stream is replicated and appears on all the sub-channels. Furthermore the replicated streams in various sub-channels are “linked” together by a unique phase weighting vector, which is called “wavefront” or WF. Various input signal streams will feature different WFs among their replicated signal streams in the sub-channels. The WF muxing processing is capable to generating a set of orthogonal WFs, and the WF demuxing processing is capable of reconstituting the input signal streams based on the retrieved sub-channel data only if the orthogonal characteristics of a set of WFs are preserved. Without the orthogonality among the WF, the signals in sub-channels are mixed and become effectively pseudo random noise. Therefore, an electronic locking mechanism in the preprocessing is implemented to make the WFs un-orthogonal among one another. Similarly, an electronic un-locking mechanism in the post-processing is implemented to restore the orthogonal characteristics among various WFs embedded in the sub-channel signals. Some of the phenomena due to the selected locking mechanisms are reproducible in nature, such as wave propagating effects, and other are distinctively man-made; such as switching sub-channel sequences. There are other conventional encryption techniques using public and private keys which can be applied in conjunction with the WF muxing and de-muxing processor, converting plain data streams into ciphered data streams which can be decoded back into the original plain data streams. An encryption algorithm along with a key is used in the encryption and decryption of data. As to the optional parallel to serial and serial to parallel conversions in the pre and post processing, respectively, we assume that transmissions with single carrier are more efficient than those with multiple carriers. We also assume single channel recording is more cost effective than multiple channel recording. However, there are occasions that continuous spectrum is hard to come-by. We may use fragmented spectrum for transmissions. There are techniques to convert wideband waveforms using continuous spectra into multiple fragmented sub-channels distributed on non-continuous frequency slots. Under these conditions we may replace the parallel to serial conversion processing by a frequency mapping processor.

Provided are a receiver, a transmitter and a radio communication method capable of using non-orthogonal multiple access while suppressing cost increase and processing delay. A mobile station 200A receives non-orthogonal signals, also receives a reference signal to be used for interference cancellation, and extracts the non-orthogonal signal addressed to the mobile station 200A from the received non-orthogonal signals by demodulating and cancelling the radio signal addressed to another mobile station. In addition, the mobile station 200A demodulates the extracted non-orthogonal signal addressed to the mobile station 200A on the basis of the reference signal. The reference signal is multiplexed in the same radio resource block as a resource block allocated to the non-orthogonal signals, and is multiplexed in the radio resource block only when at least one signal is scheduled in the radio resource block.

Fiber optic transmitter and receiver electrical elements are implemented on separate vertical boards in fiber optic modules. An optical block implements lenses and reflecting surfaces to minimize manufacturing costs. The light receiver and light transmitter are mounted to receive and transmit non-orthogonal to the fiber axis to avoid optical cross talk. In one embodiment, receiver and transmitter are mounted at an angle greater than forty-five degrees with a perpendicular line to the reflective surfaces. In another embodiment, receiver and transmitter are mounted at an angle less than forty-five degrees with a perpendicular line to the reflective surfaces. The reflective surface for transmission may be a beam shaper to improve light beam uniformity and optical coupling and to avoid active alignment. The vertical boards have ground planes facing each other to minimize electrical cross talk. An optional shielded housing provides further shielding for reducing EMI.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded signals are processed by a computer-implemented method to substantially remove extraneous signals to produce intermediary signals, and to separate the intermediary signals using a non-orthogonal transformation method such as independent component analysis to produce independent components of signals. The separated signals are displayed to help physicians to analyze medical conditions and to identify locations of abnormal heart conditions.

This invention provides for a novel means of incorporating non-native amino acids into preselected positions of a protein using a cell-free synthesis system. The methods involve the use of non-orthogonal, native isoaccepting sense tRNAs that are encoded by the genetic code. Such methods allow for numerous non-native amino acids to be incorporated through the use of sense codons without having to rely upon orthogonal tRNA-synthetase pairs.