67 results about "Solid angle" patented technology

The invention discloses a phased array weather radar calibration method based on a generalized metal ball calibration theory. Comprising the following steps: in a microwave anechoic chamber, collecting two-dimensional antenna pattern data of a phased array weather radar in at least one working mode and pointing to a plurality of different beams; performing numerical integration on the two-dimensional antenna pattern data, calculating a combined beam main lobe solid angle of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and calculating an equivalent beam width product; calculating a calibration theoretical reflectivity factor of the metal ball based on the product of the theoretical radar scattering sectional area and the equivalent beam width of the metal ball; actual detection echo data of the phased array radar on the metal ball under different working modes and beam pointing is acquired, and an actual reflectivity factor is calculated; and comparing the actual reflectivity factor with the calibration theoretical reflectivity factor to complete calibration of the phased array weather radar. Aiming at the non-Gaussian working mode of the phased array weather radar, the reflectivity factor of the phased array weather radar can be quantitatively evaluated, and the radar detection performance is improved.

The invention discloses a three-dimensional space perception and reconstruction system, method and device, a medium and a product, and relates to the field of computer vision, three-dimensional reconstruction and SLAM, and the system comprises a hemispherical compound eye camera array module which comprises a pedestal and a plurality of cameras; the plurality of cameras are arranged on the base in a non-coplanar manner, and the spatial distribution of the plurality of cameras forms a hemispherical curved surface; the optical axis of each camera points to different directions, and the combined view field covers a solid angle greater than 180 degrees; the synchronization and control module is electrically connected with the hemispherical compound eye camera array module and is used for sending hard synchronization signals to all cameras; the computer processing module is connected with the synchronization and control module and used for receiving and processing the image data of all the cameras and executing a three-dimensional space perception and reconstruction method, and the three-dimensional map reconstruction efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to a projection unit (110) for projecting a test pattern (140). Using the test pattern (140), the sharpness properties of an optical test object (X) can be tested. The projection unit (110) comprises a diffractive optical element shaped to generate a plurality of virtual test objects (142, 143) as the test pattern (140) in response to different excitation light (125, 135) coupled into the projection unit (110) simultaneously from one or more light sources (120, 130). Different of the test objects (142, 143) are arranged in different focal planes and at different solid angles from the perspective of the test object (X).

This application relates to the fields of underwater acoustic engineering, marine engineering, and sonar technology, and particularly to a passive localization method and system for deep-sea horizontal array sound sources based on high-precision azimuth estimation. The method samples the sound source signal using a horizontal array and estimates the earliest arrival time. After Fourier transform and phase compensation, a fringe slope cost function is constructed and a reference value is obtained through blind search. This reference value is then combined with frequency-shifted data beamforming to obtain a high-precision azimuth angle, while conventional beamforming obtains the solid angle, decoupling to obtain the elevation angle. The theoretical time delay for different assumed depths is then calculated, and the measured time delay spectrum is obtained from the broadband beam output. After matching the two, the actual depth of the sound source is determined by the minimum value of the cost function. This application reduces the computational load, decouples the azimuth and elevation angles of the horizontal array, solves the problems of horizontal arrays lacking elevation angle estimation capabilities and depth ambiguity in traditional methods, and improves the efficiency and accuracy of passive localization of deep-sea sound sources.

The present application relates to a kind of infrared scene quantitative radiance calculation methods based on light ray tracking module, comprising: obtaining target mask information image, the radiance image of infrared scene, depth information image and position information image, sensor position information, sensor field of view and sensor observation direction;Infrared scene is divided into several view cones according to the resolution of target radiance area image, wherein several view cones and the object surface in infrared scene intersect to form several face elements;The radiance of each face element at the sensor is calculated by the theorem of solid angle projection;The radiance of several face elements at the sensor is accumulated, and the radiance of infrared scene to the sensor is obtained.The method supports full scene, single target, multiple targets as radiation energy source, and can be applied to high complex infrared scene simulation work;Without additional data support, the radiance at the sensor can be calculated without performing redundant work.

A particle analysis device includes: an acquiring unit to acquire a multi-viewpoint image obtained by synthesizing captured images of a lens array on which an image of light from a particle irradiated with light are formed via a main lens, the captured images being captured simultaneously from mutually different viewpoints by a plurality of cameras; a sensing unit to sense a light intensity pattern of scattered light scattered from the particle on the basis of the multi-viewpoint image acquired; an analyzing unit to analyze a scattering solid angle of scattered light relative to an optical axis of the main lens as a center on the basis of the light intensity pattern of the scattered light sensed; and a calculating unit to calculate a molecular weight and particle size of the particle on the basis of the scattering solid angle of the scattered light analyzed.

The invention relates to a projection system having - a projector (22, 22'); and - a retroreflector (23), wherein the projector (22, 22') illuminates the retroreflector (23) and the retroreflector (23) reflects in a certain solid angle range.

The invention discloses an underwater vehicle echo bright spot multi-dimensional feature joint statistical method based on test and simulation data fusion, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a bright spot feature fusion data set with authenticity and data scale through fusing the test actual measurement echo data of an underwater vehicle and model simulation echo data; by combining Hilbert transform envelope processing, peak-to-peak value energy extraction and the like, accurate extraction of multi-dimensional features such as target echo bright spot quantity, intensity, relative delay inequality, echo flicker features, target scale and the like is realized; bright spot intensity features are described by establishing an EH distribution model, bright spot delay inequality features are analyzed by adopting a Parzen window estimation method, and a dynamic statistical framework in a space solid angle range is introduced to reveal a spatial orientation statistical distribution rule of multi-dimensional features. The method breaks through the problems of limited data source, single feature dimension, insufficient azimuth statistical range and insufficient statistical model adaptability of a traditional target characteristic analysis method, and is used for target identification and echo simulation.

The invention belongs to the field of earthquake and stress distribution calculation, and particularly relates to an earthquake deformation and stress distribution calculation method and system based on a Green function. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a triangular mesh and a to-be-measured point of a fault; constructing an earth fixed coordinate system, a triangular dislocation coordinate system and an angular dislocation coordinate system based on the triangular mesh of the fault; determining a transformation matrix to obtain a coordinate system; calculating interior angles of three vertexes of the triangular mesh in the coordinate system and corresponding supplementary angles, selecting equivalent configuration based on the supplementary angles, calculating barycentric coordinates of orthogonal projection of the to-be-measured point on the triangular dislocation plane, and selecting configuration based on a partition inequality of the barycentric coordinates; according to configuration, a Burgers function is obtained through calculation by using a solid angle formula, incomplete displacement contributions of all angular dislocations are superposed, and a complete displacement field containing slip continuity correction is obtained; a stress field is calculated based on a complete displacement field or through a Green function of strain. And the seismic deformation and stress distribution calculation performance is obviously improved.

The application relates to a low-altitude signal coverage prediction method and system based on spherical non-uniform sampling, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining the region complexity of different regions according to a digital surface model graph, constructing a direction sampling weight function according to the region complexity and an antenna directional diagram gain; performing spherical non-uniform sampling on a unit sphere based on the direction sampling weight function to generate a ray direction set matched with the sampling weight; calculating the spherical solid angle corresponding to each sampling direction based on the ray direction set, calculating the transmission power corresponding to each ray according to the spherical solid angle and a base station antenna directional diagram; taking the ray direction set and the transmission power as inputs to perform ray tracking propagation calculation to obtain the received signal power of each sampling point at low altitude, and the low-altitude signal coverage prediction is completed. The problems of how to improve the efficiency and accuracy of low-altitude signal coverage prediction in the related art are solved.

Flowcells and Raman analysis systems provide improved signal collection dynamics through increased solid-angle geometries and improved numerical aperture for near-diffraction-limited performance. A combined excitation / collection beam passes through a first optical material, a sample conduit and a second optical material. A concave reflective aspheric surface focuses and re-collimates the combined beam to and from a region of the sample within the conduit. The optical materials may comprise separate windows or may integrally form sidewalls the conduit. The reflective surface may be spaced apart from the second window or may be integrally formed with the second optical material. The focused region in the sample may approximate a point or a line, and at least a portion of the interior wall of the conduit may be reflective, causing the combined beam to pass through the sample region more than once to enhance collection efficiency.

The application discloses a phased array weather radar calibration method based on generalized metal ball calibration theory. The method comprises the following steps: collecting two-dimensional antenna pattern data of a phased array weather radar under at least one working mode and multiple different beam directions in a microwave darkroom; performing numerical integration on the two-dimensional antenna pattern data, calculating a combined beam main lobe real solid angle of a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, and calculating an equivalent beam width product; calculating a calibration theory reflectivity factor of a metal ball based on a radar scattering cross section of the metal ball and the equivalent beam width product; acquiring actual detection echo data of the phased array radar on the metal ball under different working modes and beam directions, and calculating an actual reflectivity factor; and comparing the actual reflectivity factor with the calibration theory reflectivity factor, thereby completing calibration of the phased array weather radar. The application can quantitatively evaluate the reflectivity factor of the phased array weather radar in a non-Gaussian working mode, and improves radar detection performance.

A radiation source identification system using Compton image projection in a three-dimensional virtual space, according to the present invention, comprises: a gamma image generation module that includes a gamma camera and generates 4-pi full-solid-angle Compton image data; an indoor positioning module that includes a plurality of fixed beacons and one mobile beacon and generates coordinates of the mobile beacon; a rotating support module that includes a fixed plate on which the mobile beacon of the indoor positioning module and the gamma image generation module are mounted, and a driving control device that rotates the fixed plate according to an input directional angle; and an integrated data management module that stores and manages a three-dimensional building information model that depicts each facility of a nuclear facility as a three-dimensional object in a three-dimensional virtual space, converts the coordinates of the indoor positioning module and the directional angle of the rotating support module into reference coordinates and a reference direction in the three-dimensional virtual space, respectively, receives the Compton image data of the gamma image generation module, aligns same to the reference coordinates and the reference direction to project same, and identifies a radiation source.

In a surface shape analysis system that analyzes the surface shape of a workpiece in a single image using the illuminance difference stereo method, the solid angle of illumination of each analysis light at each point on the surface of the workpiece is made equal, and the size is made more compact. [Solution] A surface shape analysis system comprising: a light irradiator comprising a plurality of light sources that emit analytical light having different wavelength components or polarization directions; an optical system that guides each analytical light emitted from the plurality of light sources to the irradiated surface of a workpiece; an imaging device that separates and acquires each analytical light reflected from the irradiated surface; and an analysis unit that analyzes the image obtained for each analytical light by the imaging device to analyze the shape of the irradiated surface, wherein the optical system is configured to have different declination angles for each analytical light emitted from the plurality of light sources, and for each of the plurality of light sources, the solid angle of illumination at each point on the irradiated surface is equal.

A method, system, apparatus, and computer-readable program product for determining the count rate linearity of one or more gamma detectors using a single gamma radiation source by varying the solid angle between the single gamma radiation source and one or more detectors (and therefore the emissivity observed by the detectors).

A radar-based fill-level measuring device for determining a three-dimensional fill-level profile by the MIMO principle comprises an antenna assembly which comprises a sub-antenna array in addition to a main antenna array. Angle-separating solid-angle spectra can be created by means of the main antenna array, and these solid-angle spectra are combined with those of the sub-antenna array. Accordingly, the sub-antenna array is designed such that its solid-angle spectra permit a unique assignment of each solid angle in the entire solid-angle range. For this purpose, the corresponding antennas are arranged on an intermediate grid. The advantage of this is that with a total of very few antennas or a fast evaluation associated therewith over a wide solid-angle range a highly angle-separating fill-level profile can be captured.

The invention discloses a monochromator system based on a transmission grating, which comprises a monochromator chamber, two ends of the interior of the monochromator chamber are respectively provided with a slit entering frame and a grating adjusting frame, a mirror bracket is arranged between the slit entering frame and the grating adjusting frame, a focusing toroidal mirror is arranged on the mirror bracket, and the transmission grating is arranged on the grating adjusting frame. An extension rod is arranged at the front end of the monochromator chamber, and a light source is arranged at the end of the extension rod. The device has the advantages that under the condition that the solid angle of the transmission grating is not changed, the incidence angle of the grating is changed through the rotation angle of the grating adjusting frame, light with different wavelengths is output at the same angle after being focused, it is guaranteed that the focused light can be output through the fixed outlet seam, and the device is compact in structure, low in cost and convenient to use. Precise diffraction and stable focusing of soft X-rays can be achieved, and the method is applied to a laser plasma light source and meets the application requirement of the ultra-fast soft X-ray absorption spectrum technology.

Provided is a particle analysis device 30 comprising: an acquisition unit (31) that acquires a multi-viewpoint image obtained by compositing captured images which are obtained when a plurality of cameras (17) simultaneously capture, from mutually different viewpoints, images at a lens array (16) in which light from a particle that has been irradiated with light forms an image via a main lens (15); a detection unit (32) that detects, on the basis of the multi-viewpoint image acquired by the acquisition unit (31), a light intensity pattern of scattered light which has scattered from the particle; an analysis unit (33) that analyzes, on the basis of the light intensity pattern of the scattered light detected by the detection unit (32), a scattering solid angle of the scattered light about an optical axis of the main lens (15); and a calculation unit (34) that calculates, on the basis of the scattering solid angle of the scattered light analyzed by the analysis unit (33), a molecular weight and a particle diameter of the particle.

This invention discloses a multi-energy quasi-monoenergy soft X-ray spectrometer for plasma radiation measurement, belonging to the field of X-ray detection technology. It includes an aperture group, an objective lens unit, and an image plane detector array with time resolution. The aperture group is used to define the incident solid angle of each measurement channel and suppress stray radiation. The objective lens unit consists of multiple quasi-monoenergy multilayer mirrors, each mirror surface corresponding to an independent measurement channel and including a background channel. Multiple measurement channels share a single energy point. The image plane detector array corresponds one-to-one with each measurement channel, forming a soft X-ray detection system with time-resolved measurement capabilities. This invention, using the above spectrometer, effectively avoids measurement uncertainties caused by the convolution inversion of energy spectrum distribution and energy response function, and is suitable for online soft X-ray energy spectrum diagnosis of inertial confinement fusion plasmas such as lasers and Z-pinch.

Device (2) for an ophthalmic illumination system (1) comprising a light instrument (3) for illuminating the intraocular space of a human or animal eye (33), wherein the device (2) comprises a housing (4) with a proximal housing end (5), a distal housing end (6), and an opening (7) in the proximal housing end (5), wherein the housing (4) defines a receiving space (8) which extends from the opening (7) in the proximal housing end (5) along a longitudinal direction (L) towards the distal housing end (6), and wherein the receiving space (8) for receiving the light instrument (3) is formed through the opening (7) in the proximal housing end (5), wherein the housing (4) comprises at least one translucent material at least in the region (10) of the distal housing end (6), wherein the device (2) is designed for indentation of the ocular tissue (34), in particular the sclera (9), wherein the distal housing end (6) with respect to a central longitudinal axis (A) of the housing (4) defines an opening angle (α) for emerging light of the light instrument (3) of approximately 110° according to EN-ISO 15752:2010, and wherein the distal housing end (6) is substantially dome-shaped or has the form of a sphere that is substantially flattened at least on one side, and / or wherein the housing (4) defines a canonical solid angle (β) in the region of the distal housing end (6) which is 2·π steradians, wherein this solid angle (β) forms a lateral surface of a right circular cone with a half, planar opening angle (α) of 90 degrees, such that within this solid angle (β) the radiance of the light (38) emerging from the region of the distal housing end (6) of the light instrument (3) is at least 60% of the radiance of the light (38) of the light instrument (3) within this solid angle (β).

The application discloses a structured grid radiation simulation method based on optical path ordering, and belongs to the field of radiation transmission simulation. The method reads and analyzes a structured grid file, constructs a structured data set, discretizes a solid angle, calculates the projection value of the geometric center of all units on the unit vector of each discrete direction, sorts the units according to the projection value, and obtains the unit calculation sequence along the actual propagation path of the light. The radiation transfer equation in each unit is solved according to the sequence, the calculation result of the upstream unit is transmitted to the downstream unit through the connecting surface as the incident boundary condition, and the global input radiation is converged through iterative calculation. The application ensures that the calculation sequence is consistent with the real propagation path of the radiation energy by optical path physical ordering, eliminates the non-physical reverse radiation transmission, improves the calculation accuracy and convergence, and can directly process general engineering grid data, thereby being convenient for integrated application.

The invention relates to a radar metal ball calibration method and device, computer equipment and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the directional diagram data of a radar transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, carrying out the normalization processing of the directional diagram data, and obtaining the normalized data; on the basis of the normalized data of the corresponding angles, discrete grids are constructed, and solid angle infinitesimal elements of all grids in the discrete grids are calculated; performing discrete integral operation on the normalized data of the corresponding angle based on the solid angle infinitesimal to obtain integral data of the corresponding angle; obtaining an input parameter of radar calibration, and calculating a theoretical reflectivity factor of the receiving antenna at each angle based on the input parameter and the integral data; and calculating a corresponding radar calibration parameter based on the theoretical reflectivity factor of each angle, and transmitting the radar calibration parameter to a signal processor to complete system calibration. According to the method, the calibration precision of the radar system in the wide-transmitting narrow-receiving mode can be improved.

The invention relates to a heating system. A heating system for heating and / or de-icing surfaces comprises: - a laser beam scanner as a projection device (22', 22") with a beam generator (140) for generating a light beam (LBM) and a mirror unit (73) for reflecting the light beam (LBM) and for moving the reflected light beam over a predetermined solid angle range; wherein the projection device has an infrared light source (14IR, 14NIR, 14MIR, 14FIR) for generating an infrared light beam, - a projection surface (21', 21") over which the infrared light beam (LBR) emitted by the projection device (22', 22") can be moved, and - a computing unit (52) which is designed to control the intensity and / or illumination time of the infrared light beam (LBR) emitted by the projection device (22', 22").

The invention relates to a surface disinfection system. The surface disinfection system comprises: - a laser beam scanner as a projection device (22, 22'', 22''') with a beam generator (140) for generating a light beam (LBM) and a mirror unit (73) for reflecting the light beam (LBM) and for moving the reflected light beam (LBR) over a predetermined solid angle range; wherein the projection device (22, 22'', 22''') has a light source with a wavelength of less than 475 nm, - a projection surface (21, 21'', 21''') over which the light beam (LBR) emitted by the projection device (22, 22'', 22''') can be moved, and - a computing unit (52) which is designed to control the intensity and illumination time of the light beam emitted by the projection device (22, 22'', 22''').

Provided is a milking robot for dairy cattle, equipped with milking equipment, a robotic arm for attaching the milking equipment, a detection device for determining teat positions, and a control system. The detection device comprises a primary source for emitting broadband light, specifically white light, within a solid angle, and an optical camera for capturing images using the emitted light. The control system is designed to control the emission behavior of said broadband light depending on a criterion, which at least entails that the control system increases the light intensity emitted by the primary source—at least within a part of said solid angle—only at a predetermined minimum ambient light intensity. This prevents the dairy cattle from being disturbed by flashing light in dark conditions.On the other hand, the extra light results in more reliable images if the environment itself is already (somewhat) bright, and the animals are therefore no longer disturbed by it.

The invention relates to an inspection device (100, 200, 300, 400, 500) for detecting defects on a substrate, such as a wafer, comprising:-an illumination module (10) comprising at least one light source (12) configured to illuminate at least one area of the substrate (30) to be inspected with at least one illumination beam (20, 21); -at least one detector (51, 52, 53, 54, 54-1, 54-2, 55, 55-1, 55-2, 56-1, 56-2) configured to detect light emitted from the substrate (30) and to generate an inspection signal; -a light collection module; and-a processing module configured to generate inspection information as a function of the inspection signal, in which the light collection module comprises at least one collection lens (40) having a nanostructured surface (90) comprising at least one light collection area (91, 92, 92 ', 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98), and a plurality of light collection regions (51, 52, 53, 54, 54-1, 54-2, 55, 55-1, 55-2, 56-1, 56-2) configured to collect light within a predetermined solid angle (81, 82, 83, 84, 85) emitted from the substrate (30) and to direct the collected light towards respective detectors (51, 52, 53, 54, 54-1, 54-2, 55, 55-1, 55-2, 56-1, 56-2), the light collection regions and the respective detectors forming collection channels (61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68).

The invention relates to a multi-modal imaging system (2) for non-invasive examination of an examination object (10), comprising a multi-photon imaging system for providing high-resolution detailed images of the examination object (10), which imaging system comprises a radiation source (12), the latter generating an excitation beam (21) of near infrared femtosecond laser radiation for triggering secondary radiation emitted by the examination object (10), and a focusing optical unit (30), by means of which the radiation of the radiation source (12) is directable at a measurement position of the examination object (10), wherein the focusing optical unit (30) and a laser head (14) of the radiation source (12) are provided in a measuring head (4), which is pivotable, rotatable and flexibly positionable freely in space such that the examination of the examination object (10) is performable under any desired solid angle, and comprising at least one confocal detection device, which is at least partly integrated in the measuring head (4) as well and which is configured to receive a signal of the excitation beam (21) of near infrared femtosecond laser radiation, which was diffusely reflected by the examination object (10).Moreover, a method is specified for non-invasive examination of an examination object (10) using a multi-modal imaging system (2), as is the use of the multi-modal imaging system (2) for examining living matter of the examination object (10)

A backlight extending in a planar manner, emits light and has an optical film for controlling and limiting a viewing angle range of a viewer. The optical film includes a first polarization layer with a first absorption axis, which forms an angle of from 0° to 30°, inclusive, with a surface normal of the optical film, at least one phase-shifting compensation layer for improving the limiting of the viewing angle range, and a second polarization layer with a second absorption axis oriented parallel to the surface of the optical film. Different configurations and combinations of compensation layers are provided which are formed to be spatially homogeneous and comprise uniaxially or biaxially birefringent materials. The materials and thicknesses of the compensation layers are such that luminance is minimal in a specified solid angle range which does not comprise the entire half-space except for a cone cut out along the viewing direction.

The invention relates to a method for detecting objects in a field of view of a lidar device, wherein the lidar device comprises a transmitter unit comprising a laser source, a receiver unit comprising at least one detector, and a processor unit. where several light pulses (2, 4, 6) are emitted into adjacent solid angles (1, 3, 5), secondary light received from an object from these adjacent solid angles (1, 3, 5) is measured by means of at least one detector of the receiving unit and converted into individual digital signals of the respective adjacent solid angles, wherein an aggregation of the signals from adjacent solid angles (1, 3, 5) takes place without reducing the angular resolution, wherein at least partially matching signal structures are detected in the individual signals of different solid angles to a specific object using a coincidence filter, in particular with respect to their amplitude, during the aggregation, wherein the aggregation of the signals is additionally carried out by a threshold filter, wherein the processor unit compares the received and / or aggregated signals with an adjustable threshold, so that secondary light of the object received in the signals is distinguished from interference signals, such as background noise and / or stray light, and consequently filtered out.

The application relates to a method for determining at least one speed component of a fluid stream, in particular for laser Doppler anemometry, the method having at least the steps of: —providing at least a first part-beam and a second part-beam; —directing the first part-beam along a first optical path and directing the second part-beam along a second optical path onto a superimposition region within the fluid stream so that the first optical path and the second optical path intersect in the superimposition region; —detecting a Doppler-shifted first part-beam scattered light signal, which was back-scattered by tracer particles in the fluid stream in the superimposition region, at least partially following the first optical path; —detecting a Doppler-shifted solid angle scattered light signal, which was scattered by the tracer particles in the superimposition region into a path different at least from the first optical path and from the second optical path. The application also relates to a corresponding device.