549 results about "Solid angle" patented technology

The invention relates to a ground-based wireless cellular communication system (1a) for providing in-flight broadband mobile communication services, comprising: at least one ground-based base station (2) adapted for generating at least one cell (C1, C2) defining a solid angle of the space surrounding the base station (2), the ground- based base station (2) further comprising at least one antenna array (5a, 5a) using two-dimensional-beamforming for generating at least one beam (6a-c, 7a-c) for serving at least one airplane (8a-c, 8c-e) in the space covered by the at least one cell (C1, C2) using spatial-division multiple access, SDMA. The invention also relates to an airplane equipment for providing in-flight broadband mobile communication services, comprising: at least one antenna for exchange of user data with the ground-based wireless cellular communication system (1a), a transceiver unit connected to the at least one antenna for handling the air-to-ground and ground-to-air communication with the ground-based wireless cellular communication system (1a), and an inside-airplane communication system for distributing the user data to and from terminals within the airplane.

An LED or incandescent light source is positioned in a reflector arranged to reflect light from the LED or incandescent light source which is radiated from the LED or incandescent light source in a peripheral forward solid angle as defined by the reflector. A lens is disposed longitudinally forward of the LED or incandescent light source for focusing light into a predetermined pattern which is radiated from the LED or incandescent light source in a central forward solid angle as defined by the lens. The apparatus comprised of the combination projects a beam of light comprised of the light radiated in the central forward solid angle and peripheral forward solid angles.

A touch input system, comprising a surface, adapted to receive at least one simultaneous touch inputs from human fingers; a sensor adapted to detect the at least one touch inputs and produce at least one signal representing a unique position for the at least one touch input; and a processor, adapted to receive the at least one signal and produce an output representing a touch detection and a mapping of a coordinate position on the surface for each of the simultaneous touch inputs. The system may detect, for example, two touch inputs simultaneously. The surface may be non-planar and distinct from a small solid angle section of a sphere.

The present invention relates to a digital image recognition system having a minimum constructional length of less than one millimetre. The image recognition system hereby comprises a microlens array, a detector array and optionally a pinhole array. The mode of operation of this image recognition system is based on a separate imaging of different solid angle segments of the object space by means of a multiplicity of parallel optical channels. The optical axes of the individual optical channels thereby have different inclinations so that they represent a function of the distance of the optical channel from the centre of the side of the image recognition system orientated towards the image, as a result of which the ratio of the size of the field of view to the image field size can be determined specifically. Detectors are thereby used with such high sensitivity that the detectors have a large pitch with a small active surface area.

A solid-state gyroscope apparatus based on ensembles of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV⁻) centers in diamond and methods of detection are provided. In one method, rotation of the NV⁻ symmetry axis will induce Berry phase shifts in the NV⁻ electronic ground-state coherences proportional to the solid angle subtended by the symmetry axis. A second method uses a modified Ramsey scheme where Berry phase shifts in the ¹⁴N hyperfine sublevels are employed.

A touch sensor comprising an acoustic wave transmissive medium having a surface; a plurality of acoustic wave path forming systems, each generating a set of incrementally varying paths through said transmissive medium; and a receiver, receiving signals representing said sets of waves, a portion of each set overlapping temporally or physically by propagating in said transmissive medium along axes which are not orthogonal. The waves may also be of differing wave modes. The receiver system may include a phase, waveform or amplitude sensitive system. Reflective arrays are associated with said medium situated along a path, said path not being a linear segment parallel to a coordinate axis of a substrate in a Cartesian space, a segment parallel to an axial axis or perpendicular to a radial axis of a substrate in a cylindrical space, nor parallel and adjacent to a side of a rectangular region of a small solid angle section of a sphere; situated along a path substantially not corresponding to a desired coordinate axis of a touch position output signal; situated along a path substantially non-parallel to an edge of said medium; has a spacing of elements in said array which differs, over at least one portion thereof, from an integral multiple of a wavelength of an incident acoustic wave; has elements in said array which are non-parallel; has an angle of acceptance of acoustic waves which varies over regions of said array; and/or coherently scatter at least two distinguishable acoustic waves which are received by said receiving system.

A light source is combined with an optic and a reflector. Light incident onto to the reflector is reflected with a single reflection. The reflector occupies a portion of a solid angle around the light source to the exclusion of the optic at least with respect to any optical function. The reflector directly receives a second portion of light. The optic occupies substantially all of the remaining portion of the predetermined solid angle to directly receive a first portion of light from the light source. A reflected beam from the reflector is reflected into a predetermined reflection pattern. The inner and/or outer surface of the optic is shaped to refract or direct light which is directly transmitted into the optic from the light source from a first portion of light and/or reflected into the optic from the reflector from the reflected beam into a predetermined beam.

The present invention uses “Chip-on-Board” (COB) metal core printed circuit board (PCB) technology in conjunction with high efficiency compact imaging and non-imaging optics to provide an emergency light that is more compact, offers higher performance with respect to luminance levels (higher brightness), longer life, and lower cost relative to systems incorporating pre-packaged LED devices. The thermal impedance between the LED junction and the heat sink is significantly reduced for COB technology by placing the LED die directly on a metal core (or other high thermal conductivity material substrate), thereby increasing temperature dependant life and thermally dependant output power. Additionally, because there is no encapsulant or domed optic over the LED die initially, it is possible to get a much more compact and efficient substantially Etendue (area, solid angle, index squared product) preserving collection optic directly over the die. Cost is significantly reduced for COB configurations due to elimination of the expense of additional components attached to the LED die for the case of pre-packaged LED devices.

The invention provides a branch pruning robot for overhead high-voltage transmission line live working. The branch pruning robot comprises a robot working platform, a spindle drive box, a gravity center adjusting device, an operating arm swing joint and a tail end tool, wherein the robot working platform serves as a mobile carrier of the robot and is hung on a wire through a pair of antisymmetric mechanical arms; a longitudinal spindle is arranged in the spindle drive box and can be rotated by 360 degrees; the operating arm swing joint of the robot is fixedly connected with the spindle and driven by a motor to rotate along with the spindle; the operating arm swing joint can drive an operating arm to swing leftwards or rightwards by 30 degrees, and cone-shaped body space with a 60-degree solid angle below the robot can be completely covered in the robot working area; the tail end tool is carried at the tail end of the operating arm and provided with an independent power supply and control system. The branch pruning robot can replace manual operation, is safe, reliable and easy to operate, and improves branch pruning efficiency, and the functions of the robot are expanded.

A lens arrangement with an achromatic homogenizer and collimator for multiple LEDs. The lens arrangement combines the hemispherical emittance profiles from one or more LEDS into a collimated beam without chromatic aberration. The lens arrangement has one or more LEDs, a homogenizer, a solid lightpipe, an internal parabolic reflector, a retroreflector, and a refractor. The emittance profiles of the LEDs are distributed evenly over space and angle by multiple reflections inside a diffusely reflecting cavity of the homogenizer. The internal reflector has a numerical aperture of 1.0, which defines a hemispherical solid angle of collection within air. The retroreflector directs rays away from the LEDs. The retroreflection permits space for the electronics of high radiance LEDs. The refractor converts the retroreflector rays in a plurality of shapes. The lens is optimally designed for applications with high standards for color mixing, uniformity, and efficient conversion of electrical power into light.

An apparatus is comprised of a light source radiating into a peripheral forward solid angle and a center forward solid angle. A reflector is positioned to reflect light from the light source from the peripheral forward solid angle into a longitudinal beam about an optical axis of the reflector. A lens is disposed longitudinally forward of the light source for focusing light into a predetermined beam pattern from the center forward solid angle into a skewed beam in a skewed direction with respect to the optical axis of the reflector to project a composite beam of light comprised of the light radiated in the skewed beam and the longitudinal beam.

An x-ray source comprises a structured anode that has a thin top layer made of the desired target material and a thick bottom layer made of low atomic number and low density materials with good thermal properties. In one example, the anode comprises a layer of copper with an optimal thickness deposited on a layer of beryllium or diamond substrate. This structured target design allows for the use of efficient high energy electrons for generation of characteristic x-rays per unit energy deposited in the top layer and the use of the bottom layer as a thermal sink. This anode design can be applied to substantially increase the brightness of stationary, rotating anode or other electron bombardment-based sources where brightness is defined as number of x-rays per unit area and unit solid angle emitted by a source and is a key figure of merit parameter for a source.

Compact scanning techniques that can scan a large degree optical solid angle are disclosed. One particular embodiment is a processor controlled scanner that is capable of a large degree optical solid scan angle. Dual axis scan capability can be provided with a single compact package. A pivoting ball joint on which a mirror assembly is attached is employed. The mirror assembly is operatively coupled to an actuator assembly (e.g., electro-magnets or piezoelectric based actuators). When control voltage is applied to the actuator assembly, the ball joint to moves thereby moving the integrally attached mirror assembly.

The object of this invention is to provide a magnifying attachment to be attached to a camera by which a high magnification image can be obtained without appearing a part having no image in the image. The magnifying attachment has a magnifying objective lens (21A), a field lens (21B) for converting a light passed through the objective lens (21A) into collimated light, and a converging lens (21C) for focusing the collimated light on a camera lens (42). Light passed through the converging lens (21C) is converged on a pupil (42X) of the camera lens (42) with a solid angle exceeding the view angle of the camera lens (42).

Arrangements, apparatus and methods are provided according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. In particular, at least one first electro-magnetic radiation may be received and at least one second electro-magnetic radiation within a solid angle may be forwarded to a sample. The second electro-magnetic radiation may be associated with the first electro-magnetic radiation. A plurality of third electro-magnetic radiations can be received from the sample which is associated with the second electro-magnetic radiation, and at least one portion of the third electro-magnetic radiation is provided outside a periphery of the solid angle. Signals associated with each of the third electro-magnetic radiations can be simultaneously detected, with the signals being associated with information for the sample at a plurality of depths thereof. The depths can be determined using at least one of the third electro-magnetic radiations without a need to utilize another one of the third electro-magnetic radiations.

An apparatus and method for controlling and optimizing a non-planar target shape of a sputtering magnetron system are employed to minimize the redeposition of the sputtered material and optimize target erosion. The methodology is based on the integration of sputtered material from each point of the target according to its solid angle view of the rest of the target. The prospective target's geometry is optimized by analytically comparing and evaluating the methodology's results of one target geometry against that of another geometry, or by simply altering the first geometry and recalculating and comparing the results of the first geometry against the altered geometry. The target geometries may be of many different shapes including trapezoidal, cylindrical, parabolic, and elliptical, depending upon the optimum process parameters desired. A sputtering system is developed using this methodology, having a main magnet stack, a rotating magnet, a target having selected target shapes optimized for controlling erosion, downstream magnets, a substrate, and an electric field induced plasma stream.

A coupling element (14) for use in a touch-sensitive apparatus is arranged to transfer light between an electro-optical device (2) and a panel (4) for light transmission. The electro-optical device (2) is an emitter or a detector and has an operative solid angle given by orthogonal device divergence angles. The coupling element (14) is an optical component with a first light transmission surface (21) for facing the electro-optical device (2), and a second light transmission surface (22) for mounting on the panel (4). The coupling element (14) has an optical structure (23) that directs the light between the first and second light transmission surfaces (21, 22) by one or more reflections while expanding one device divergence angle (αx) into a component divergence angle at the second light transmission surface (22). Thereby, the component divergence angle defines a divergence (φp) in the plane of the panel (4) with respect to light propagating by internal reflections inside the light transmissive panel (4).

A micro-mirror optical tracking and ranging system comprises an optical transceiver having a Micro-Electro-Optical Mechanical System (MEOMS) micro-mirror beam steering system and an electronic control and operating system for processing electronic signals. An optical transceiver and MEOMS micro-mirror beam steering system comprises two oppositely installed micro-mirrors controlled so that they spin and tilt synchronously and project a laser beam out in a wide solid angle and interval in a substantially conically shaped scanning pattern. Such an optical transmitter system provides a steered frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) laser beam. When a laser beam waveform reflects off of an object within the scanned patter it is detected by the optical receiver an electronic control and operating system processes the detected laser beam waveform by mixing it with the original transmitted laser beam waveform and calculates the precise distance and location of the object.

In a thermal imaging camera for acquisition of thermographic images of a measurement object, an electronic evaluation unit is integrated into the thermal imaging camera; it is designed for recognition of corresponding partial regions of the acquired thermographic images, and with it, the acquired images can be assembled into an overall image by overlapping the corresponding partial regions and displayed. The acquisition of the images preferably takes place during the swiveling of the thermal imaging camera over the solid angle region of the desired overall image.