The invention provides a multi-line array laser three-dimensional scanning system and method. Accurate synchronism and logic control of the multi-line array laser three-dimensional scanning system can be achieved through an FPGA, a line laser unit array serves as a projection pattern light source, trigger signals are sent to a stereoscopic vision image sensor and the line laser unit array through the FPGA, an upper computer receives image pairs shot by the stereoscopic vision image sensor, laser line array patterns in the image pairs are subjected to encoding, decoding and three-dimensional reconstruction, three-dimensional reconstruction and matching alignment of three-dimensional feature points between different moments are conducted on surface feature points of an object to be measured, and matching calculation is subjected to prediction and error correction through an optical tracking technology. The system and method are used for registration and connection of time domain laser three-dimensional scanning data, meanwhile, measuring error grades are evaluated in real time and fed back to an error feedback controller for adjusting indication, and therefore laser three-dimensional scanning with low cost and high efficiency, reliability and accuracy is completed accordingly.