16 results about "Direct radiation" patented technology

A method of forming an illumination mode using an illumination system comprising an array of individually controllable reflective elements arranged to direct portions of a radiation beam to desired locations in a pupil plane. The method comprises allocating different reflective elements of the array to direct radiation to different locations in the illumination mode by: determining a desired power spectral density function of radiation directed by the array of reflective elements to the illumination mode, the desired power spectral density function including a cutoff frequency; applying different phases to frequency components of the power spectral density function; transforming the power spectral density function into a spatial domain signal that varies as a function of positions of the reflective elements; and using the spatial domain signal to allocate reflective elements that direct radiation to different locations in the illumination mode.

The application discloses a conformal annular metal cavity omnidirectional antenna based on slot radiation and belongs to the technical field of antennas, which comprises an annular metal cavity for containing a columnar carrier; two rectangular slots are symmetrically formed on the side wall of the annular metal cavity; two coaxial feeding structures; and a conical metal cavity is coaxially arranged on the periphery of the annular metal cavity and used for balancing the electric field phases of the two rectangular slots. After the two rectangular slots are excited, the directly radiated electric field in the horizontal plane has the problem of uneven electric field distribution, which causes the radiation recess to exist unevenly in the horizontal plane pattern. By loading the conical metal cavity around the annular metal cavity, the introduction of the conical metal cavity metal balances the rectangular slot and the radiated horizontal plane electric field, improves the electric field distribution, and improves the omnidirectional characteristics and horizontal plane gain of the antenna.

The rational use of nuclear energy plays a vital role in the process of consolidating national defense and security and green transformation of energy system in China. However, the proper management and resource utilization of depleted uranium (especially 238 U, which does not pose a direct radiation threat to human body) generated from the application of nuclear energy have become a technical problem to be solved in the field of environmental protection and sustainable development. In particular, we use U3O8 prepared from depleted UF6 as raw material, and use UO4·2H2O prepared by simple dissolution and precipitation as catalyst to prepare 1-oxidized diphenyldiazene or its derivatives by catalytic oxidation of aniline. On the one hand, the invention creates a way to reuse depleted uranium waste, and finds a new way to transform this traditionally regarded as a problem waste, on the other hand, it ingeniously builds a bridge from aniline and its derivatives to high value-added chemicals-1-oxidized diphenyldiazene or its derivatives, which shows extraordinary value in environmental, economic and social benefits. Whether from the perspective of environmental friendliness and sustainable development, or from the perspective of synthesizing higher value-added products, it has extremely important significance.

The present disclosure relates to a heating apparatus including adjustable mirrors for process chambers, and related methods and apparatus for semiconductor manufacturing. In one or more embodiments, a process chamber includes a chamber body at least partially defining a processing volume. A substrate support is disposed in the processing volume. A plurality of heat sources are operable to heat the processing volume. A support plate is disposed outwardly of the processing volume. One or more reflective surfaces are mounted to the support plate. The one or more reflective surfaces are operable to direct radiation to a target location in the processing volume by moving about at least one axis.

Sensor module for concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) technologies using a point-focusing glass Fresnel lens, whose sensor housing (1) is designed as a straight truncated square pyramid, where in an implemented sensor module, has, on its side surfaces facing north, south, east and west, photoresistors (3) with reduced active surfaces (4) as indirect radiation detecting photosensors. At the top of the sensor housing (1), a focal pinhole (8) is formed centrally, and the direct sunlight detecting lens (6) is centrally connected to the top of the sensor housing (1) via a spacer element (7) made of opaque material, the optical axis of which coincides with the longitudinal axis of the sensor housing (1) and the center of the focal pinhole (8).  The optical focal point (10) of the lens (6) coincides with the focal pinhole (8) in the plane of the top of the sensor housing (1) and coincident with the optical axis of the lens (6) inside the sensor housing (1). The central photosensor (9) is arranged at a distance to the optical focus point (10) of the lens (6), therefore it is not damaged by concentrated direct radiation. When the focal pinhole is located, the direct radiation falling on the photosensor stops the sun tracking exactly, while the CPV cells deliver the maximum power. The electrical output of the photosensors (9) is connected to the control unit used in current photovoltaic technology. 

The application discloses a kind of adjustable swing arm sprinkling irrigation fertilization device, it is related to agricultural sprinkling irrigation operation technical field, including sprinkling irrigation unit, it includes tee pipe, boring pipe, fertilizer cylinder and valve core assembly;Swing arm unit includes connecting base, swing arm, adjusting assembly and driving assembly.The device is by setting fertilizer cylinder in tee pipe lateral mouth, so that fertilizer is pre-mixed after entering main water flow through boring pipe.Subsequently, after the acceleration of nozzle, the water stream containing fertilizer is immediately broken and changes direction by periodically oscillating swing arm deflector, so that concentrated water column is diffused into uniform fan-shaped water mist;It can reduce the problem of fertilizer accumulation in drop area caused by traditional direct radiation, achieve wide and uniform distribution of fertilizer within the irrigation range, improve fertilizer utilization rate, and prevent the risk of seedling burning.

This invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic numerical methods, specifically providing a domain decomposition equivalent source-high frequency coupling solution method for electromagnetic radiation problems on an open-field university platform. First, in the modeling stage, the complex multi-scale model is modeled separately. A virtual equivalent sphere is constructed for the antenna array, and the electromagnetic field on the sphere is calculated using a domain decomposition algorithm. A near-field equivalent source file containing three-dimensional field components in spherical coordinates is exported, and a spherical near-field equivalent source reflecting the mutual coupling characteristics of the array is constructed based on the equivalence principle. Then, the equivalent source file is imported into the physical optics simulation area of ​​the open-field university platform, and the near-field incident electromagnetic field generated on the platform surface is calculated. The induced current on the platform surface is then quickly solved using physical optics. Finally, the direct radiation field of the equivalent source and the secondary radiation field of the induced current on the platform are superimposed in the far-field vector, ultimately achieving a fast and high-precision electromagnetic simulation of the radiation characteristics of the antenna array on the open-field university platform.

A metrology system for determining a characteristic of a structure on a substrate. The metrology system comprises an illumination source to output radiation to an objective. The objective is configured to direct radiation toward the structure on the substrate and direct radiation diffracted from the structure toward a detector. The detector comprises an event based camera to detect changes in intensity of radiation incident on the event based camera, and outputs an event data stream conveying the detected events. The detector comprises an edge detector o receive the event data stream and to output movement detection data representing a movement of the structure on the substrate relative to the objective or camera. The detector comprises a processor to receive the output movement detection data and determine the characteristic of the structure on the substrate based on the movement detection data and 0 properties of the structure on the substrate.

The application provides a sensitivity adjustment method and device of a flame detector, and relates to the technical field of safety protection, and solves the technical problem that the reliability of the working of the flame detector in the prior art is easily disturbed by the environment. The method comprises the following steps: periodically collecting a plurality of groups of reflective value GF data of a receiving tube when a near-infrared emitting tube is turned on, ring light value GH data of the receiving tube when the near-infrared emitting tube is turned off, and an environmental temperature; determining a reflective value GF reference value and a ring light value GH reference value; comparing a real-time reflective detection value GF with the reflective value GF reference value, judging whether there is an obstruction in front of a glass of the detector, and adjusting the sensitivity; comparing a real-time ring light detection value GH with the ring light value GH reference value, judging whether the detector is in a sunlight direct radiation state or an ambient light change state, and adjusting the sensitivity; and based on the environmental temperature, adaptively adjusting the reference value of the reflective value GF and the reference value of the ring light value GH. The application is used in the sensitivity adjustment process of the flame detector.

The utility model discloses a kind of cooking devices, comprising: inner bag, the inner bag is used to hold food material;Radiation heating device, the radiation heating device is arranged in the inner bag, the heat energy generated by the radiation heating device in working condition can be directly radiated to food material surface;Fan, the fan is used to when the cooking device is in cooking state, drive the air outside the inner bag into the inner bag;Controller, the controller is electrically connected with the radiation heating device and the fan, the radiation heating device and the fan can be independently controlled by the controller respectively.This application can effectively improve the temperature adjustment speed of cooking device, accurately meet the cooking demand of high requirement food material, optimize temperature control effect, thereby greatly improve food material taste and cooking quality, bring better experience for user.

The application discloses a spacecraft-oriented radiator design method and system, and belongs to the technical field of spacecraft thermal control. In order to solve the problems of non-uniform area and aperture, inaccurate extreme condition identification and lack of cross-validation in the prior art, the method comprises the following steps: obtaining an orbit and a radiator parameter; calculating an orbit position, a solar vector and an eclipse; independently calculating five types of external heat flow sub-items of a solar direct radiation, an earth albedo, an earth infrared, a deep space radiation and an earth radiation on a front surface and a back surface of the radiator, and summing up to obtain a total net heat flow density; according to a solving mode, a first mode of inversely solving a radiator area with a fixed temperature constraint is executed, or a second mode of inversely solving a balance temperature with a fixed area is executed; and finally, energy closure diagnosis and sub-item conservation checking are performed. Through double-sided sub-item modeling, reciprocal solving and three-stage extreme condition searching, the application realizes the improvement of design accuracy, the reduction of calculation cost and the quantitative evaluation of model self-consistency, and is suitable for the thermal control design of various low earth orbit spacecrafts.

Various embodiments include reflective-mode Fourier ptychographic microscope (RFPM) apparatuses and methods for using the RFPM. In one example, the RFPM includes a multiple-component light source configured to direct radiation to a surface. The multiple-component light source has a number of individual-light sources, each of which is configured to be activated individually. The RFPM further includes collection optics to receive radiation reflected and scattered or otherwise redirected from the surface, and a sensor element to convert received light-energy from the collection optics into an electrical-signal output. Other apparatuses, designs, and methods are disclosed.

The application discloses a layered structure for a flexible wearable phototherapy instrument, which comprises a transformation layer, a light-emitting layer and an electromagnetic control layer from the skin side outward. The transformation layer is provided with a plurality of transformation pieces filled with magnetic composite scattering fluid; the light-emitting layer is provided with phototherapy lamps corresponding to the transformation pieces in the thickness direction; the electromagnetic control layer is provided with electromagnetic buttons corresponding to the transformation pieces, and the electromagnetic buttons are provided with annular magnetic attraction parts close to one end of the transformation pieces. By controlling the on-off state of the electromagnetic buttons, the magnetic composite scattering particles in the transformation pieces can be controlled to change the spatial distribution in the fluid, so that the phototherapy light can be switched between flexible diffusion and high-energy density direct radiation without changing the light source structure. The application has simple structure, high reliability and is suitable for flexible wearable phototherapy equipment.

This invention discloses an irradiation-based aseptic treatment device and method, relating to the field of seed aseptic treatment. The device includes a frame, a conveyor belt, and an irradiation assembly. A fixed support is mounted on the outer side of the conveyor belt on the frame, while a reciprocating sliding assembly is installed on the inner side of the conveyor belt. A low-frequency vibration assembly is mounted on top of the reciprocating sliding assembly. A shaped groove is formed on the inner side of the fixed support. A fixed plate is installed inside the reciprocating sliding assembly, and a reflector is mounted on the fixed plate. The conveyor belt is a flat sprocket type. This invention uses the reciprocating sliding assembly to drive the low-frequency vibration assembly to contact and vibrate different areas of the conveyor belt, adjusting the posture of the rice seeds on the conveyor belt. The reflector is adjusted by rotating its angle on the reciprocating sliding assembly, effectively avoiding excessive localized radiation doses and concentrated direct radiation that could cause seed coat burns and embryo damage due to a fixed-angle reflector.

The application discloses a kind of double-sided photovoltaic module irradiance calculation method, it is characterized in that, including the following steps: step 1, establish the two-dimensional projection geometric model of photovoltaic array, support structure and ground, according to solar hour angle and geographical position, calculate solar elevation angle and azimuth, and utilize two-dimensional projection geometric model, judge whether ground is covered by the shadow of photovoltaic array under current solar position, and generate shade state flag;Step 2, the visual angle factor between each radiation surface is calculated using Hottel cross line method;Step 3, based on light intersection detection algorithm, the shading of support main shaft to direct radiation and ground reflected radiation on the front side is judged, and the front side irradiance and back side irradiance are calculated respectively;Step 4, the front side irradiance and back side irradiance are synthesized into equivalent total irradiance, to significantly improve the accuracy of double-sided photovoltaic module receiving irradiance.