An integrated
system for detecting dam breaches, as an
early warning system and for evacuation assistance, consisting of: A geoinformatics analysis module comprising a modeling processor with a
graphics processing unit, configured to: analyze spatial, hydrological, and topographic data of a dam and its downstream area; generate hydrological models using probable maximum rainfall (PMP) data to determine probable maximum
flood discharge (PMF); generate hydraulic models to simulate flood propagation and determine flood depth, flood extent, flow velocity, and flood
arrival time; create flood
vulnerability models,
vulnerability models, and flood hotspot models using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework; and generate evacuation plans for high-risk zones based on the models. A sensor monitoring subsystem includes: a distributed
fiber optic sensor (DFOS) configured to monitor the
structural load and deformation of a dam, and a
radar level gauge configured to measure the
water level in the reservoir; a
microcontroller unit configured to receive and process sensor data from the sensor monitoring subsystem, to detect dam breaches based on abnormal structural movements detected by the DFOS or sudden drops in
water level below predefined thresholds detected by the
radar level gauge; a communication module configured to transmit warning messages when dam breaches are detected; a
warning system configured to: send SMS notifications to residents in downstream high-risk zones via a
GSM communication module, generate real-time alerts via an IoT platform on user devices, and activate siren systems in villages to issue loud alarms and voice announcements; and an evacuation assistance platform configured to provide real-time evacuation assistance in emergencies due to dam breaks, displaying site maps with nearby emergency shelters, evacuation routes, hospitals, government buildings and aid centers, showing hydrological
layers including flood extent,
water depth, flow velocity and
arrival time of the water, and enabling real-time
location tracking in relation to safety zones and flood-prone areas.